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Warm-UpWarm-Up:: Levels of an Ecosystem Levels of an Ecosystem
Label each descriptions as a population, community, or ecosystem.
1. Owls, mice, and grass all live in one area.
2. Owls, mice and grass all live in an area near a pond that receives lots of sunlight.
3. Eight owls all live in one area.
Animal Relationships Animal Relationships & Adaptations& Adaptations
Niche =Niche =
Niche = organism’s role in an Niche = organism’s role in an ecosystem ecosystem
Relationships in an EcosystemRelationships in an Ecosystem
• 3 types of relationships:
predation
competition
symbiosis
Predation Predation ==
Predation Predation = = one organism is a one organism is a food source for another organismfood source for another organism
Predator = hunter
Prey = food
Competition =Competition =
Competition = struggle between Competition = struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resourceswith limited resources
CompetitionCompetition
limited resources = “Limiting Factors”
Examples?
Competition Competition
largest population an environment can
support =
Carrying Capacity
Symbiosis =Symbiosis =
Symbiosis Symbiosis = relationship between = relationship between 2 organisms that benefits at least 2 organisms that benefits at least 1 of the organisms1 of the organisms
• 3 types of symbiosis:
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
Mutualism = both organisms Mutualism = both organisms benefit benefit
Commensalism = 1 organism Commensalism = 1 organism benefits, other is not harmedbenefits, other is not harmed
Parasitism = 1 organism benefits, Parasitism = 1 organism benefits, other is harmedother is harmed
Animal AdaptationsAnimal Adaptations
• 2 types:
–Structural
–Behavioral
Structural Adaptation = inherited Structural Adaptation = inherited physical characteristicphysical characteristic
• Adaptation that an animal “HAS”
Structural AdaptationStructural Adaptation
• Escaping predators
Examples?
Structural AdaptationStructural Adaptation
• Obtaining food
Examples?
Structural AdaptationStructural Adaptation
• Reproducing
Examples?
Behavioral Adaptation = Behavioral Adaptation = inherited behaviorinherited behavior
• Adaptation that an animal “DOES”
Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation
• Camouflage = blending in with environment
Examples?
Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation
• Mimicry = acting
like a different
organism
Examples?
Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation
• Courtship = males & females of a species prepare for mating
Examples?
Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation
• Hibernation = greatly reduced body activity during winter
Examples?
Behavioral AdaptationBehavioral Adaptation
• Migration = periodic journey of an animal from one place & back again
Examples?
Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning
• Instinct =
Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning
• Instinct = behavior an animal can perform without being taught
Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning
• Learning =
Instinct vs. LearningInstinct vs. Learning
• Learning = animal requires practice & experience to perform the behavior
• 4 types:conditioningtrial-and-errorinsight
imprinting
Conditioning = connecting a Conditioning = connecting a stimulus to a good or bad eventstimulus to a good or bad event
Trial-and-error = performing a Trial-and-error = performing a behavior more skillfully with behavior more skillfully with repeated practicerepeated practice
Insight = applying knowledge to Insight = applying knowledge to solve a new problemsolve a new problem
Imprinting = some newborn Imprinting = some newborn animals follow the first moving animals follow the first moving object they seeobject they see
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