View
213
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Warm-up 1/29/2015
Theories of Civilization – what are the two different ideas presented by the authors?
Farmer Power Birth of Religions
Announcements• You need to obtain Collapse if you have not
already done so.• Media Center Days are next week.• Unit I Test days are next week– 2nd/4th – Wednesday– 3rd – Tuesday
• We will review for the test and prep for the media center on Monday.
What are issues you believe are faced by our modern world today?
How did we get here?
Objectives:• Students will discover trade patterns and their effects on the global
community.
• Students will determine the impact of oil and Islamist movement on Middle Eastern culture.
• Students will identify threats to security of the modern world
• Students will investigate the ongoing struggle for human rights around the globe
• Students will discover the significance of climate change on human society.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the world was divided over a number of political, cultural, and economic issues.
• Despite divisions, countries tied together like never before
• Globalization is force behind closer relationships
– Process in which trade, culture link countries
– Cultural Exchange
– Improvements in transportation, communication make global trade easier
Globalization
• Major effect of global trade, increased economic interdependence
– Relationship among countries in which they depend on each other for resources, goods, services
– Occurs because countries vary in goods, services they provide, need
Interdependence
Trade and Globalization
Economy• Goods, services nation provides and needs depend on level of economic
development in that country• Countries grouped in two categories: developed, developing
Developing• Less productive economies, lower standard of living; Guatemala, Philippines• People in these countries lack adequate education, health care• Poorest, least-developed countries located mostly in Africa, southern Asia
Developed• Industrialized nations have strong economies, high standards of living• 20 percent of world’s nations wealthy, powerful like Japan, United States• Have access to good health care, education, technology
Developed and Developing Countries
The Global North/South Divide
Growth and Outsourcing
Multinational Corporations • Increasing interdependence and dramatic growth of multinational corporations—
large companies operating in multiple countries
• Benefits to companies
– Outsourcing—having work done elsewhere to cut costs, increase production
– Manufacturing facilities in developing countries, where materials, labor relatively inexpensive
• Outsourcing
– Advocates say: creates jobs and wealth in developing countries
– Critics say: fails to improve standard of living, outsourcing causes job loss in company’s home country
Global Trade
However, oil has also been a source of conflict.
Over the last few decades, major conflicts have erupted in the Middle East. Issues that have contributed to the conflicts include the presence of huge oil reserves, the growth of Islamism, and the conflict between Israel and its neighbors.
• About two-thirds of world’s known oil reserved located in Middle East
• Reserves have been great source of wealth for Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, other countries
• Most members of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Oil in the Middle East
Middle East Issues
• OPEC attempts to regulate production of oil exports to maximize revenues
• Oil revenues allowed Middle East governments to modernize countries, promote industrialization, economic, social development
Oil Revenues
Importance of Oil (Oil Diplomacy)Oil as source of conflict in Middle East • Some governments have used oil revenues to build up military, maintain
power, threaten neighbors • Oil wealth has caused internal clashes within countries, societies• Region’s strategic importance as source of oil has led outside nations to
become involved in Middle Eastern affairs, politics
1973 Oil Crisis• That year, Egypt and Syria, with the support of other Arab nations,
launched a surprise attack on Israel on the holiest day of the Jewish calendar.
• Israel went on full nuclear alert, loading warheads into planes and long-range missiles. (Yom Kippur War)
• The United States chose to re-supply Israel with arms and in response, OPEC decided to retaliate against the United States, announcing an oil embargo. It lasted until March 1974.
• Consequences– High Prices, Rationing, alternative energy research, Growing distrust between Oil
producing countries and their trading partners
Oil as source of conflict in Middle East • Some governments have used oil revenues to build up military, maintain
power, threaten neighbors • Oil wealth has caused internal clashes within countries, societies• Region’s strategic importance as source of oil has led outside nations to
become involved in Middle Eastern affairs, politics
1973 Oil Crisis• That year, Egypt and Syria, with the support of other Arab nations,
launched a surprise attack on Israel on the holiest day of the Jewish calendar.
• Israel went on full nuclear alert, loading warheads into planes and long-range missiles. (Yom Kippur War)
• The United States chose to re-supply Israel with arms and in response, OPEC decided to retaliate against the United States, announcing an oil embargo. It lasted until March 1974.
• Consequences– High Prices, Rationing, alternative energy research, Growing distrust between Oil
producing countries and their trading partners
• Egypt, Iran, Iraq have seen growth of Islamism; has led to conflicts within society, government
• Some extremists have used violence to bring about changes, have attacked regional governments, their allies, innocent civilians
Conflicts, Violence• Movement to reorder government,
society according to Islamic laws
• Islamists believe Muslim countries have strayed from true Islam, followed Western models of political, economic development
Islamists
Growth of Islamism
In addition to terrorist attacks, there are other threats to global security.
• Many countries possess weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), including
– Biological weapons
– Chemical weapons
– Nuclear weapons
• Can cause enormous amounts of destruction
• Terrorist groups, governments seek to use for own purposes
Dangerous Weapons• Made with organisms, toxins found
in nature; easy, inexpensive to develop
• Diseases, poisons like anthrax, plague, smallpox
• 1972, more than 70 nations signed treaty prohibiting production, possession
• Officials worry about biological attacks by terrorist groups
Biological Weapons
Threats to Security
Syria Gas Attack 2013
nuclear proliferation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60
Multiple Threats
• High-tech weapons threat: have power to destroy, kill
• Ethnic, religious conflicts threat: create willingness to destroy, kill
French, UN Troops
• Worked to maintain ceasefire in Rwanda until new government could establish order
• 1998, some involved in the genocide convicted, executed
Tutsi, Hutu
• 1994, tensions between Tutsi, Hutu ethnic groups led to massacres in Rwanda
• 1 million people killed, another 2 million became refugees
Darfur
• Early 2000s, similar situation in Darfur: Arab militias attacked African villagers
• By 2006, 400,000 killed, 2 million fled to refugee camps
Ethnic and Religious Conflicts
Statistics:
Rwanda800,000-1.07 million killed in 100 days8,000-10,710 killed per day334-447 killed per hour6-7 killed per minute.
Darfur, Sudan400,00 people have been killed in 1095 days366 people are killed every day15 people are killed every hour1 person is killed every minute
The Holocaust6 million Jews killed in 1460 days4,110 killed per day171 killed per hour3 killed per minute
The movement of people around the world has increased dramatically in recent years. Some people move in search of better opportunities, while others are refugees, seeking safety in another nation.
• Many factors cause people to migrate to a new place
• Some “push” people to leave homeland
• Others “pull” people to new places
Migration• Push factors that
displace people:
–War
– Persecution
– Poverty
• Pull factors include opportunities for jobs, better life
Push, Pull Factors• Migration changed by
globalization
• Migrants can quickly travel far from home
• Can settle in places very different
• Mixing of cultures can be dramatic
Globalization
Population Movement
• 1948, United Nations issued Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• All people deserve basic rights “without distinction of...race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status”
• 1975, Helskini Accords signers agreed to respect human rights
Statements on Human Rights
• Violence, human rights abuses not new
• Globalization has made world more aware
• In recent years, many nations have pledged to respect human rights
Globalization and Human Rights
Human Rights
Human Rights Abuses
In spite of agreements, torture, slavery, killing, other abuses daily occurrences in some countries
• Most common in countries not democracies or in process of establishing democracy
• Some groups at greater risk than others
– People who disagree with their government
– People who are members of religious, ethnic minority
– Women and children
Although globalization is improving the lives of some people, many still face major challenges like poverty, disease, or natural disasters.
• More than 20 percent of world’s people live on less than $1 per day
• Poverty has many causes
– Lack of natural resources– War– Poor government planning– Rapid population growth
• One result—famine, extreme shortage of food
Poverty
• Globalization has made controlling disease challenge for entire world
• International air travel allows disease to spread rapidly
• 2002, SARS pneumonia appeared in China, spread to Asia, Europe, Americas
• Hundreds killed in epidemic, contagious disease outbreak
• Ebola Outbreak in Western Africa
Disease
Global Challenges
Distance between rich and poor
►3:1 in 1820►35:1 in 1950►72:1 in 1992►86:1 in 2005►The US has the widest gap between rich and
poor in the world
How do we balance growth and development with practices that will help protect the resources and environments we all count on?
• Improved nutrition, medical treatment have led to dramatic increase in world’s population
• 1 billion to over 6 billion since 1800
• Industrialization, development have placed great strain on world’s resources, environment
• Major challenge: achieving sustainable development
Resource Use
• Economic development that does not permanently damage resources
• Try to balance need for development with protection of environment
– Limit use of resources
– Set aside areas where no development allowed
Sustainable Development
Protecting the Environment
Deserts• Sahel region of West Africa, people struggling with desertification—spread of
desert-like land conditions. Soil erodes and causes loss of productivity of the land.
• Caused partly by drought, partly by human activity
• Trees cut for firewood, livestock overgraze land
• Without plants, wind blows rich soil away; land becomes useless
Forests • In areas of Africa, Asia, Latin America, Amazon region of Brazil, deforestation—
clearing of trees, taking place at rapid rate. Causes erosion and loss of productivity
• Trees burned, cut down to dig mines, clear land for farming, ranching
• Some species of animals, plants have become extinct as result
The global environment has been seriously affected by pollution. Human beings have always polluted their environments, but pollution did not become a serious issue until the Industrial Revolution.
• Revolution brought new industrial processes
• Created waste products that harmed water, air, land
• By 1960s, began to be threat to human survival
Threat
• Countries cannot agree on how best to fight pollution
• One debate, issue of global warming
• Rise in surface temperature of earth over time
• Many scientists believe air pollution caused by human activity has caused global warming
How To Fight
• Could bring disastrous changes in Earth’s climate
• Rising Sea Levels
• Extinction of Animals
• Increased precipitation and storms
• Decreased areas for agriculture
Global Warming
Pollution
• Great medical advances took place in years following World War II
• Medicines, vaccines developed to prevent spread of contagious diseases, treat physical, mental illness; techniques developed to transplant organs
• Advances in ultrasound, laser, and computer technology allow doctors to more easily treat human body
• Developments in study of genes, heredity have led to rapid growth in biotechnology, use of biological research in industry
• Some biotechnology companies manufacture vaccines to treat diseases
Genetics • Other biotechnology companies
genetically modify food plants
• Altering genetic makeup of plant, animal called genetic engineering
• Plants can be hardier, more productive than conventional
• Grown where other crops struggle
Altering Genetic Makeup
Medicine and Genetic Engineering
Questions for the Modern World1.How has globalization affected societies around the globe?
2.Describe how oil has changed the Middle East and help lead to rise of the Islamist movement?
3.What was the impact of the Oil embargo of 1973 and how did this embargo affect the nations involved?
4.Describe the many threats that are faced by all of us in the modern world?
5.How could climate change or global warning affect our modern world?
Recommended