View
7
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma1 20-Jun-2012
Volvo Approach to Sustainable Environment & Mobility.
Karthik Sarma
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma2 20-Jun-2012
Heavy Buses account for nearly 1% out of the 14% of transport contribution to global emissions.
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma3 20-Jun-2012
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma4 20-Jun-2012
Optimal Solution benefitting environment and energy use?
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma5 20-Jun-2012
Hybrid Value Proposition
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma6 20-Jun-2012
Greetings from some Volvo Hybrids -around the world
Göteborg
BernLeeds
Oslo
GrazLuxembourgLondon
Trondheim
CuritibaMexico City
Aarau
Copenhagen
Randers
Dortmund
Strasbourg Luzern
Dordrecht
Stade
Solothurn
Alcobendas Tampere
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma7 20-Jun-2012
Volvo 7900 Hybrid - Summary• In-House Parallel Design
- 37% Lower fuel consumption**- 50% less NOx and PM**- Increased passenger capacity- Silent start and -3 dB less noise- 120 kW Electrical machine- Electric AC, Compressor, Steering Servo
- Lowest life time cost*- Very High reliability
* Including environmental cost** compared to conventional diesel vehicle
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma8 20-Jun-2012
Key achievements Volvo Hybrid 7900 B5LH
* Source: CV Magazine, June’12
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma9 20-Jun-2012
Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Key FeaturesQuality & Uptime
Improved fit & finish
Improved quality
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma10 20-Jun-2012 2011 September
Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Principle IdeaBackground – Energy distribution
8%
11%
2%3%
76%
Rolling ret
Roll, acc
Drag, retDrag, acc
Rolling lossesAerodynamic lossesBrake losses reusable
Brake
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma11 20-Jun-2012 2010-03-01
Volvo 7900 HybridProduct Design – Visual look
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma12 20-Jun-2012
Volvo 7900 HybridPrinciple Design – Power and torque
• Energy-efficient diesel enginecombined with electric engine
• Can jointly or separately power thevehicle
• Diesel and electric operationcoordinated optimally for bestperformance and lowestenvironmental impact
• Electric engine used at start andacceleration up to 15 km/h. = Lownoise level at start
• Running at idle can be avoided
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma13 20-Jun-2012
Volvo 7900 Parallel Hybrid - Efficiency at constant speed: 0.43 * 0.98 42% 15% lower fuel consumption than serial hybrid
~43%
~95%
~98%
~95%~81%
~43%
~98%
~95% ~95%
~95%
~81%
Serial Hybrid - Efficiency at constant speed: 0.43 * 0.95 * 0.95 *0.95*0.98 36%
Volvo 7900 HybridPrinciple Design – Serial v parallel concept
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma14 20-Jun-2012
Volvo’s hybrid technology– accelerates transition to CO2-free transport
• 20-30% lower fuel consumption and emissionsof CO2
• 40-50% lower controlled emissions
• Favourable performance in various trafficenvironments
• Revolutionary for operator economy
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma15 20-Jun-201215
Hybrid background – the conventional drivetrain
Advantage of conventional:- High range- Compact energy storage
Diesel EngineATM
gearbox DMotoring < 40 %
First step to improved solution:- An all electric vehicle
n
D
EnergyStorage
+ -
El.mach Gearbox
PowerElectronics
95 %
95 %
90x90 %
Drawback of conventional:- Low efficiency in city cycles, < 40 %- No regenerative braking
Hybrid Concepts
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma16 20-Jun-2012
n
D
EnergyStorage
+ -
El.mach Gearbox
PowerElectronics
95 %
95 %
90x90 %
Electric Vehicle
Advantage:- High average efficiency- Regenerative braking- Packaging
D
EnergyStorage
+ -
El.mach GearboxDiesel Engine El.
mach
PowerElectronics
PowerElectronics
95 %
95 % 95 %
90x90 %
95 %
Idea to improved solution:- An ICE driven range extender -> The Series Hybrid Vehicle
Drawbacks:- Short range- Reduced payload
Hybrid Concepts
Regen
< 80%
Motoring
< 80%
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma17 20-Jun-2012
Series Hybrid – principal layout
Advantage:- Long range- Freedom in packaging-Good brake recuperation
D
EnergyStorage
+ -
El.mach GearboxDiesel Engine El.
mach
PowerElectronics
PowerElectronics
Motoring < 30 %
AccelerationRegen up to 80%
Gearbox D
EnergyStorage
+ -
El.mach
Diesel Engine
PowerElectronics
Drawbacks:- Large high power energy storage - Low ICE drive efficiency at constant speed
Hybrid Concepts
Improved solution:- Connect ICE to wheels mechanically –> The Parallel Hybrid
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma18 20-Jun-2012
Gearbox D
EnergyStorage
+ -
El.mach
Diesel Engine
PowerElectronics
The Parallel Hybrid – The Volvo Group Solution
Motoring > 40 %
Advantages of the parallel vehicle:- Good commonality with existing powertrain- High range- High motoring efficiency due to hybridization- Less costly, due to low complexity
Regen up to 80 %
Limitations:- Slightly lower regenerative braking capability due to lower EM rating than Series Hybrid
- Matters only at extensive stop&go- Mechanical transmission to wheels influences packaging
Hybrid Concepts
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma19 20-Jun-2012
Spe
ed
Parallel hybrid – efficient in different environments
London -30% Göteborg -20%
TimeS
peed
Time
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma20 20-Jun-2012
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Average Speed (km/h)
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
European Bus MarketShare of buses vs route speed over full life time -Data based on 10 000 Volvo buses.
5%
29%13% 18% 18% 15%
Serial hybrid* Parallel hybrid*
10%
20%
30%
40%
Average speed in route (km/h)0 10
0%20 30 40 50 60
* Commercial hybrid packages from supplier industry
Average speed in route (km/h)
Fuel
sav
ing
%Fl
eet %
Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Principle IdeaTransport efficiency/VLP
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma21 20-Jun-2012
Volvo 7900 HybridEnvironment – Volvo development
0
20
40
60
80
100
Euro III Euro IV EEV Hybrid
0
20
40
60
80
100
Euro III Euro IV EEV Hybrid
0
20
40
60
80
100
Euro III Euro IV EEV Hybrid
Fuel consumption*
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Particulates (PM)
*Volvo development
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma22 20-Jun-2012
Volvo 7900 HybridEnvironment – Environmental Facts & Figures
CO2 NOx
kms kms
Exha
ust p
ollu
tant
s
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma23 20-Jun-2012Master presentation 2010-03-01
Volvo 7900 HybridEnvironment – Emission Legislation development
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
Part
icul
ates
[g/
kWh]
Euro 3, 2000
Euro 2, 1996
US 02, 2002
NOx [g/kWh]US 10, 2010
Japan, 2005Euro 5, 2009 Euro 4, 2006
US 07, 2007
Volvo hybrid, 2009
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma24 20-Jun-2012
Volvo 7900 HybridSystem Performance - Driveline - Live = Energized = Voltage applied
- Traction voltage = Between 60V-1000V within HEV.
- High Voltage = Levels over 1000V. Not present in HEV.
- Extra Low Voltage = Levels below 60V DC or 25V AC
- ePTO = Electrical power take-off- HEV = Hybrid electric vehicle- HJB = HEV Junction Box- MDS = Motor Drive System- PEC = Power Electronic Converter- HPCU = Hybrid Powertrain Control Unit- DC/DC = Voltage Converter- HVIL = Hazardous Voltage Interlock Loop- AMT = Automatic Manual Transmission- ESS = Energy Storage System- EM = Electric Motor- D5 = City duty 5 liter engine
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma25 20-Jun-2012
Breaking Acceleration
120 kWVolvo B7L Mixed cycle
Volvo 7900 HybridVehicle Performance - Energy Distribution
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma26 20-Jun-2012
Hybrid is the base for:- Economical- Simple- Efficient- Environmentally friendly
Result in: - Public transportation with high availability
Volvo 7900 Hybrid - SupplementsQuality & Uptime – Global interest for Hybrids
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma27 20-Jun-2012
..
The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.London
Range possibilities for parallel technique in SORT 1 and SORT 2 like transport cycle
Range possibilities for serial hybrid technique on SORT 1 like
transport cycle
Volvo 7900 Hybrid - SupplementsProductivity – Vehicle performance
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma28 20-Jun-2012
Swiss Post press release - up to 30% in überland
Volvo 7900 Hybrid – Customer references
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma29 20-Jun-2012
Srl No. Parameter Specifications Life cycle
1. Electrical / Traction Storagesystem 600 V, DC 4 ½ years
2. Electrical Motor Permanent Magnet, AC motor, 3 phase, 120 kW, 400 Nmcontinuous torque, 800 Nm peak torque 12 years
3. EngineMD5, 5 liter, city duty downsized engine, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke turbocharged and intercooled in-line 4 valve, 215HP, 600 Nm
Overhaul at 500000 km / 8 years
4. DC/DC converter 600 V-24 V 12 years
LCC calculated based on total life of 12 years
Volvo BusesKarthik Sarma30 20-Jun-2012
THANK-YOU
Recommended