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Vocabulary
cell
prokaryote
eukaryote
microscope
theory
function
multicellular
unicellular
organelle
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
cell wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleuolus
ribosome
VideosA History of the Cell:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU&feature=related
Bill Nye on Cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RU5Ymc00S4w
Animal Cellhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fzj6TRnXmps&feature=related
Plant Cellhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uohe2V4yOzE&feature=related
The Cell Theory
Principal # 1All organisms are made of one or more cells.– Some organisms are made up of one cell – Others are multicellular or made up of many
cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life.
Principal # 2
Principal # 3
All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
I. All Cells
A. Tend to be microscopic
B. Have a few key structures:i. are enclosed
by a membrane.
ii. are filled with cytoplasm.
Bacterium(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cell membrane
cytoplasm
II. Prokaryotic Cells
A. Are the most basic cellsB. UnicellularC. Contain simple structures
– Cell membrane– cytoplasm– genetic material (DNA) genetic just floats
around in the cell– Organelles that do not have a membranes
D. Example: Bacteria
Stop and Jot
• What comes to mind when you think of bacteria?– Take two minutes to write your thoughts down
in your notes
BacteriaThere are many different types of bacteria
– Some can cause disease– Some recycle important natural resources through
decomposition– We use some bacteria to make food, particularly
milk products• Cheese, yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk
III. Eukaryotic Cells
A. Contain simple structures of Prokaryotes
B. Contain a nucleus which holds the genetic material
C. Have multiple organelles with membranes
D. Unicellular or Multicellular
E. Example: Plant or Animal cells
Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
** Eukaryotic Cells: **
Remember, eukaryotic cells are those that have a true nucleus and have organized, complex organelles.
Both PLANT and ANIMAL cells fall under the category of Eukaryotic Cells.
Animal cell: what do you see?
Organelles in an animal cell:
1. Nucleus
2. Nucleolus
3. Cytoplasm
4. Cell membrane
5. Ribosome
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
7. Golgi apparatus
8. Mitochondria
I. What are organelles?
Definition: Organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells
You have a body that has organs that do specific things so your whole body will work. An organelle is like an organ for the cell.
II. Nucleus
a. STRUCTURE: large organelle in the center of the cell that controls everything that happens in the cell…the “brain” of the cell
b. FUNCTION: -Stores all genetic material
(DNA)
Nucleus
V. Nucleolus
A. DEFINITION: small, dense structure in the nucleus that creates rRNA.
B. FUNCTION:1. Creates ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
2. rRNA is very important in making ribosomesa. Ribosomes are involved in making proteins
Nucleolus
VI. Cytoplasm
A. DEFINITION: all material in the cell except for the nucleus.
1. A gooey liquid that fills the cell and acts as support
2. All organelles except nucleusB. FUNCTION:
1. It supports the cell…kind of like bubble wrap or packing peanuts protect a package.
Cytoplasm
VII. Cellular membrane
A. DEFINITION: thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm.
B. FUNCTION: 1. Controls what goes into and out of the cell
2. Protection
Cellular membrane
I. RibosomeA. Definition: a small, dense organelle
made mostly from rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
B. Placement in cell: attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasmic liquid.
C. Function: 1. Makes proteins
Ribosome
II. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
A. Definition: a system of folded tube-like structures attached to the nucleus.
B. Function: 1. Folds proteins
2. Transports proteins
3. Site of ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
III. Golgi Apparatus:A. Definition: a system of folded
tube-like structures NOT attached to the nucleus.
B. Function:1. packages things that are made
in the cell to be transported to another organelle or outside of the cell (i.e. enzymes, proteins, hormones)
Golgi Apparatus
IV. Mitochondria:A. Description: a membrane-enclosed
organelle with cristae (folds) inside.
B. Function:1. Creates the ATP (chemical energy) that
most of the cell uses.
Mitochondria:
Lysosomes
A. Definition: small organelles within the cytoplasm that are filled with enzymes
B. Function: Break down…i. food into small particles that can be used by
the rest of the cell
ii. organelles that are no longer needed and other waste in the cell
Vacuoles
A. Definition: fluid-filled saci. Small in animal cells
ii. Large in plant cells
B. Function: Used to store materials needed by the cell like water, food and enzymes
i. Supports heavy structures like leaves and flowers in plants
Vacuole in a Plant Cell
Organelles found ONLY in Plants:
Cell Walls
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
A. Definition: A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane
B. Function: To provide support and protection for the cell
i. The cell walls of multiple cells can attach to one another to support the organism
ii. Cell walls are made of different materials depending on the organism
Cell wall
Chloroplast
A. Definition: are organelles that have a double membrane and stacks of disc-like shapes containing chlorophyll
B. Function: Use energy from the sunlight to make food for the cell through the process of photosynthesis
i. Chlorophyll gives plants their green colorii. Like mitochondria because it provides
energy
Chloroplast
PLANT CELL
Cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplast
ANIMAL PLANT
Nucleus
CellMembrane
Fill in the chart
Organelles Plant Animal
Vacuole
Yes No
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Yes Yes
Shape Square Circle
Answer KeyPlant Animal
Vacuole(s) 1 large Many small ones
Chloroplast Yes No
Cell Wall Yes No
Cell membrane Yes Yes
Cytoplasm Yes Yes
Shape Square Like Circle Like
Can you identify the organelles?
I’m a real “powerhouse”
That’s plain to see
I break down food
To release energy
What am I? ______________________
I’m strong and stiff
Getting through me is tough
I’m found only in plants
But I guess that’s enough
What am I? ______________________
I’m the brain of the cell
Or so they say
I regulate cell activities
From day to day
What am I? ____________________
Found only in plant cells,
I’m green as can be
I make food for the plant
Using the sun’s energy
What am I? ______________________
I’m a series of tubes
Found throughout the cell
I transport proteins
And other things as well
What am I? ___________________
I’m full of holes
Flexible and thin
I control what gets out
And what comes in
What am I? _________________
Proteins are made here
Even though I’m quite small
You can find me in the cytoplasm
Or attached to E.R.’s wall
What am I? ______________________
I’ve been called a “storage tank”
By those with little taste
I’m a sac filled with water
Food, enzymes, or waste
What am I? ______________________
Since I contain many enzymes,
I can digest an injured cell;
And can break down a large molecule
Into a smaller one as well
What am I? ______________________
Exit Ticket1. Which organelle makes proteins and is located in the cytoplasm or on
the surface of ER?a. nucleusb. golgi apparatusc. ribosome
2. Where is DNA housed in Eukaryotic cell?a. inside a cell’s cytoplasmb. inside a cell’s nucleusc. inside a cell’s nucleolus
3. Which scientist coined the term “cell” after the cells or rooms of a monastery?
4. Name 1 of the principals of the cell theory.
5. What are the two key structures that ALL cells have?
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