Visualising Data in Academic Research

Visualising Data in Academic Research

AC21010

Michael Crabb

Social Inclusion through the Digital Economy

Project Themes

Accessibility

Connected Home and Community

Creative Industries

Transport

Project Themes

Connected Home and Community

Creative Industries

Transport

Accessibility Perspective

Social Networking for Older Adults

Touch Screen Devices for Users with Motor Issues

Understanding Website Usability through Cognitive Psychology

Enabling Users in the Built Environment

User Pool

Focus Groups

In The Wild Testing

User Testing

Bridg·esA structure spanning and providing passage over a gap or barrier, such as a river or roadway

lol!

:-(

Computer

Interaction

HUMAN

ComputerM

ouse

tablet

smartphone

PC

MAC

Monitor

Printer

Calculator

Keyb

oard

Interaction

Type

Swipe

Browse

Adjust

Touch

Mov

e

wri

te

HUMAN

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Cognitive Psychology

Cattell - Horn - Carroll

Cattell - Horn - Carroll

CrystallisedIntelligence

FluidIntelligence

Gf

Gc

Gv

Gsm

Glr

Gs

Ga

Gq

GtGwr

Processing Speed

Fluid Intelligence

Short Term Memory

Long Term Memory

Internet Usage

Internet Confidence

User Testing

Fluid IntelligenceOdd One OutLetter Sets

I

II

III

BCDE FGHI JKLM PRST VWXY

CERT KMTV FHXZ BODQ HJPR

KGDB DFIM KIFB HJMQ LHEC

Fluid IntelligenceOdd One OutLetter Sets

I

II

III

BCDE FGHI JKLM PRST VWXY

CERT KMTV FHXZ BODQ HJPR

KGDB DFIM KIFB HJMQ LHEC

Remembering ConnectionsLong Term

Mem

oryMeaningful Memory

hammer excellent

rock rough

roof flat

Processing Speed

Spot the DifferenceNumber Comparison

11653 11652

18824 18824

518198045 518168045

63216067 63216057

18824 18824

Processing Speed

Spot the DifferenceNumber Comparison

11653 11652

18824 18824

518198045 518168045

63216067 63216057

18824 18824

Remembering ConnectionsLong Term

Mem

oryMeaningful Memory

rockrockrockrockrockdirt smooth flat jagged large

roofroofroofroofrooflevel rough sloping leaky sturdy

hammerhammerhammerhammerhammerbig rough good small heavy

Remembering ConnectionsLong Term

Mem

oryMeaningful Memory

rockrockrockrockrockdirt smooth flat jagged large

roofroofroofroofrooflevel rough sloping leaky sturdy

hammerhammerhammerhammerhammerbig rough good small heavy

Short Term M

emory

Number RecallDigit Span Test

5 3 7 9 2

3 2 9 8 6 1 0 4

Short Term M

emory

Number RecallDigit Span Test

5 3 7 9 2

3 2 9 8 6 1 0 4

? ? ? ? ?

Short Term M

emory

Number RecallDigit Span Test

5 3 7 9 2

3 2 9 8 6 1 0 4

? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Internet ConfidenceInternet Usage

Likert ScoredQuestionnaires

“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree

nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree

nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”Everyday Several Times a

WeekSeveral Times a

MonthEvery Few

Months Never

Internet ConfidenceInternet Usage

Likert ScoredQuestionnaires

“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”“I feel confident using the internet to find information about a topic”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree

nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”“I feel confident selecting the right words for an Internet search”Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree

nor Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”“I communicate with friends or family online...”Everyday Several Times a

WeekSeveral Times a

MonthEvery Few

Months Never

participant x participant Y participant z

Ps

Gf

IU

Glr

Gsm

IC Ps

Gf

IU

Glr

Gsm

IC Ps

Gf

IU

Glr

Gsm

IC

participant x participant Y participant z

Ps

Gf

IU

Glr

Gsm

IC Ps

Gf

IU

Glr

Gsm

IC Ps

Gf

IU

Glr

Gsm

IC

practiceturn theory into

practiceturn theory into

government banking local attractions

shopping news medical

observedmeasurements

Human Factors✦Fluid Intelligence✦Processing Speed✦Short Term Memory✦Long Term Memory✦Internet Confidence✦Internet Usage✦Demographics

humans observing websites✦Disorientation Questions✦Disorientation (Reversed) Questions✦Ease of Use Questions

You can’t say that you’re

right

You can only say you’re not wrong

nullhypothesisstatistical

testing

hypothesistesting

H0 : Cognitive factors have no impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks

H0 : Older and Younger adults use the same cognitive factors when performing Information Retrieval tasks

H0 : Cognitive factors have a negative impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks

older adultdefining an

older adultdefining an

Older AdultsMax: 89

Mean: 70Min: 62

Younger AdultsMax: 28

Mean: 22Min: 18

older adultdefining an

independent sampled t-test

Kurtosis Testing

Multiple Regression

s 1 s2 s 3

Younger Adults

Older Adults

independent sampled t-test

Kurtosis Testing

Multiple Regression

s 1 s2 s 3

Younger Adults

Older Adults

independent sampled t-test

Kurtosis Testing

Multiple Regression

s 1 s2 s 3

Younger Adults

Older Adults

independent sampled t-test

Kurtosis Testing

Multiple Regression

s 1 s2 s 3

Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression

s 1 s 2 s 3 s 3 s 2 s 1

Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression

s 1 s 2 s 3

Age

Tech Usage

Cognitive Factors

10.4%

32.5%

45.1%

s 3 s 2 s 1

Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression

s 1 s 2 s 3

Age

Tech Usage

Cognitive Factors

10.4%

32.5%

45.1%

s 3 s 2 s 1

31.0%

9.7%

0.1%Age

Tech Usage

Cognitive Factors

Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression

s 1 s 2 s 3

Age

Tech Usage

Cognitive Factors

10.4%

32.5%

45.1%

s 3 s 2 s 1

31.0%

9.7%

0.1%Age

Tech Usage

Cognitive Factors

H0 : Cognitive factors have no impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks

Older and Younger AdultsMultiple Regression

s 1 s 2 s 3

Age

Tech Usage

Cognitive Factors

10.4%

32.5%

45.1%

s 3 s 2 s 1

31.0%

9.7%

0.1%Age

Tech Usage

Cognitive Factors

Older and Younger Adults

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

onMultiple Regression

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

onMultiple Regression

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

on

Internet Usage

Multiple Regression

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Internet Confidence

Fluid Intelligence

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Short Term Memory

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

on

Internet Usage

Multiple Regression

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Internet Confidence

Fluid Intelligence

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Short Term Memory

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

on

Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage

Multiple Regression

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Internet Confidence

Fluid Intelligence

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Short Term Memory

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

on

Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage

Multiple RegressionH0 :

Older and Younger adults use the same cognitive factors when performing Information Retrieval tasks

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Internet Confidence

Fluid Intelligence

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Short Term Memory

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

on

Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage

Multiple Regression

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Internet Confidence

Fluid Intelligence

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Short Term Memory

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

on

Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage

Multiple RegressionH0 :

Cognitive factors have a negative impact on an individuals ability to perform Information Retrieval tasks

older Adults Younger Adults

Older and Younger Adults

Internet Confidence

Fluid Intelligence

Processing Speed

Short Term Memory

Internet ConfidenceFluid Intelligence

Short Term Memory

Diso

rien

tati

on

Diso

rien

tati

on

Long Term MemoryProcessing SpeedInternet Usage

Multiple Regression

older Adults Younger Adults

This is boring

What I want you to do...

“Come up with a different (and more exciting) way of visualising this dataset”

7098Data Points

HumanFactors

WebsiteFactors

QuestionnaireAnswers

100110110101

001011001010

001001100101

HumanFactors

userID Participant ID

fluid Fluid Intelligence

intConf Internet Confidence

processingSpeed Processing Speed

ShortMem Short Term Memory

longMem Long Term Memory

intUsage Internet Usage

Age Participant Age

WebsiteFactors

questionID

101categoryID questionID

random 0

QuestionnaireAnswers

Disorientation

EaseofUse

DisorientationReversed

Total

preQues'onInterest postNoIdea

preQues'onEase postLearningSite

preSiteVisit postSkillfulEasy

preSiteVisit postEasyNav

postFeelLost postConfDirec'on

postFeelCircles postRightPath

postFindPrevious postBackwardForward

postNaviga'on postCurrentPlace

postDesiredLoca'on postFind

postDisoriented

Thats it.

data file is online - address is in the sheet for your assignment

Good Luck

michaelcrabb@computing.dundee.ac.uk

@mike_crabb