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VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE 2010 Empire State Expo. Steve Reiners, Jim Ballerstein Associate Professor of Horticultural Sciences NYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva sr43@cornell.edu. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE
2010 Empire State Expo
VIRUS AND VARIETIES – 2009 UPDATE
2010 Empire State Expo
Steve Reiners, Jim BallersteinSteve Reiners, Jim Ballerstein
Associate Professor of Horticultural SciencesAssociate Professor of Horticultural Sciences
NYSAES, Cornell University, GenevaNYSAES, Cornell University, Geneva
sr43@cornell.edusr43@cornell.edu
NYS Yield losses since 2001 more than $10 million – most NYS Yield losses since 2001 more than $10 million – most severe in odd numbered years with up to 90% loss!severe in odd numbered years with up to 90% loss!
20012001
20032003
20052005
20072007
20092009
Snap Bean IssuesSnap Bean Issues
• Insecticides/seed treatments not effectiveInsecticides/seed treatments not effective
• Virus effects are compounded by plant stress Virus effects are compounded by plant stress - temperature, soil moisture- temperature, soil moisture
• Resistant varieties are long term solutionResistant varieties are long term solution
• Until then, determine level of tolerance in Until then, determine level of tolerance in existing varietiesexisting varieties
At the request of the NY Vegetable Research Council!
Table 1. Snap bean varieties included in 2008 and 2009 CMV trial.
2008 and 2009 Trial Varie ty Sour c e Type Hys tyle Harris Moran Large Huntingt on Rogers Large Weapon Semin is Large Summit Se neca Large Pe nsa c ola Rogers Large Caprice Harris Moran 4-si ev e EX 15350856 Semin is Fres h, 4 -S ieve Ex 1267*/ Carte ge na
Semin is Whole
Pike Harris Moran 2-S ieve
2008 Trial O nly HMX 5101 Harris Moran Large HMX 7115 Harris Moran Large Titan Semin is Large BSC 8 41 Bro therto n Large Spar tac us Semin is Large Emba s s y Rogers 4-S ieve HMX 5105 Harris Moran 4-S ieve Sa hara Harris Moran 4-S ieve I g lo o Pure Line 4-S ieve SB 4 352 Rogers Large 4 -S ieve Masai Rogers Whole
2009 Trial O nly Banga Semin is Whole *EX 1267 was nam e d Carteg ena for 2009
2008 Greenhouse evaluation of foliar response to CMV2008 Greenhouse evaluation of foliar response to CMV
Planted May 7Planted May 7
Inoculated with virus on May 21Inoculated with virus on May 21
Readings taken on June 6Readings taken on June 6
RatingRating Visual SymptomsVisual Symptoms 11 Symptoms absent to very mildSymptoms absent to very mild 22 Mild chlorosis, slight twisting, Mild chlorosis, slight twisting, 33 Twisted leaves, epinastyTwisted leaves, epinasty 44 Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leavesBlisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves 55 Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis
Variety Source Rating
Masai Rogers 3.5
Pike Harris Moran 3.0
Ex 1267 Seminis 2.7
Variety Source Rating
Weapon Seminis 4.7
Titan Seminis 4.7
Hystyle Harris Moran 4.5
Spartacus Seminis 4.3
BSC 841 Brotherton 4.0
HMX 5101 Harris Moran 3.6
HMX 7115 Harris Moran 3.2
Huntington Rogers 3.0
Summit Seneca Not tested
Pensacola Rogers Not tested
Variety Source Rating
Caprice Harris Moran 4.0
Embassy Rogers 3.3
HMX 5105 Harris Moran 3.3
Sahara Harris Moran 3.3
EX 15350856 Seminis 3.3
Igloo Pure Line 2.8
SB 4352 Rogers 2.3
RatingRating Visual SymptomsVisual Symptoms1 - Symptoms absent to very mild1 - Symptoms absent to very mild2 - Mild chlorosis, slight twisting2 - Mild chlorosis, slight twisting
3 - Twisted leaves, epinasty3 - Twisted leaves, epinasty4 - Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves4 - Blisters, severe, epinasty on young leaves
5 - Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis5 - Severe distortion, blisters, necrosis
Field Trials, ’08 and ‘09 – Field Trials, ’08 and ‘09 –
Planting One – June 25Planting One – June 25
Planting Two – July 16Planting Two – July 16
Hystyle plants grown in greenhouse and inocuated with CMV, used to provide inoculum for field. Half of field plot inoculated with CMV at the first trifoliate stage, then covered with Hystyle plants grown in greenhouse and inocuated with CMV, used to provide inoculum for field. Half of field plot inoculated with CMV at the first trifoliate stage, then covered with floating row cover. Five feet of row harvested.floating row cover. Five feet of row harvested.
PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO
VARIETY CMV T/A
YIELD REDUCE (%) T/A
YIELD REDUCE (%)
All Varieties - - - 8.7 30* 7.5 27*
All Varieties+ + +
6.1 5.5
2008 Results – Across all varieties
PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO
VARIETY CMV T/A
YIELD REDUCE (%) T/A
YIELD REDUCE (%)
All Varieties - - - 9.3 9* 8.0 5*
All Varieties+ + +
8.5 7.6
2009 Results – Across all varieties
PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO Variety
+ CMV T/A
-CMV T/A
%
Red
Sign
+ CMV T/A
-CMV T/A
%
Red
Sign
Huntington 7.7 8.0 5 ns 7.2 7.2 3 ns Summit 9.12 11.7 22 ns 8.4 9.4 11 ns EX 1267 (Cartegena)
4.8 5.6 15 ns
Pensacola 5.7 6.0 4 ns
Hystyle 6.2 7.0 6 ns 5.3 7.0 23 * Weapon 7.2 9.8 26 * 6.1 9.4 35 * Caprice 8.8 11.4 23 ns 6.3 8.8 28 * EX 15350856 6.7 9.4 29 ns 6.3 9.1 31 * Pike 4.2 6.7 37 ns
Titan 4.5 8.6 48 * 5.3 8.4 34 ns HMX5101 5.7 7.5 23 ns 4.8 7.0 32 * HMX 7115 7.3 8.7 14 * 4.9 8.4 37 * BSC 841 6.5 11.0 41 * 3.4 5.8 41 * Spartacus 5.4 8.5 35 * 5.1 6.5 10 * Embassy 4.3 7.3 41 * 3.4 5.4 38 ns HMX 5105 8.0 10.5 24 * 7.8 10.5 26 * Sahara 5.8 7.9 27 * 3.9 5.7 31 ns Masai 3.0 6.1 51 ns 4.5 6.7 33 * Igloo 8.1 9.1 6 ns SB 4352 6.6 7.9 16 ns
2008
PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO Variety
+ CMV T/A
-CMV T/A
%
Red
Sign
+ CMV T/A
-CMV T/A
%
Red
Sign
Huntington 7.7 8.0 5 ns 7.2 7.2 3 ns Summit 9.12 11.7 22 ns 8.4 9.4 11 ns EX 1267 (Cartegena)
4.8 5.6 15 ns
Pensacola 5.7 6.0 4 ns
Hystyle 6.2 7.0 6 ns 5.3 7.0 23 * Weapon 7.2 9.8 26 * 6.1 9.4 35 * Caprice 8.8 11.4 23 ns 6.3 8.8 28 * EX 15350856 6.7 9.4 29 ns 6.3 9.1 31 * Pike 4.2 6.7 37 ns
PLANTING ONE PLANTING TWO +
CMV T/A
-CMV T/A
%
Red
Sign
+ CMV T/A
-CMV T/A
%
Red
Sign
10.3 10.7 4 ns 7.0 7.5 6 ns
11.1 11.5 4 ns 9.6 10.6 10 ns
7.5 7.8 5 ns 6.6 6.8 3 ns
9.2 9.2 0 ns 10.6 10.4 -1 ns
9.1 10.9 16 * 7.5 8.4 11 ns
7.3 9.1 20 * 6.4 7.2 11 ns
9.0 9.2 3 ns 8.1 10.4 22 *
8.3 9.4 4 ** 8.2 8.9 7 *
7.2 8.0 10 * 6.0 6.9 13 ns
Banga
6.4 7.2 10 ns 5.6 5.7 2 ns
2008 2009
Of 21 varieties field tested in 2008 and 2009, only five showed a level of tolerance to
Cucumber Mosaic Virus
Huntington Rogers Large sievePensacola Rogers Large sieveSummit Seneca Large sieveCartegena Seminis WholeBanga Seminis Whole
Plans for 2010Plans for 2010
Repeat field trial with tolerant varieties and add new Repeat field trial with tolerant varieties and add new ones. All varieties inoculated with CMV. Several ones. All varieties inoculated with CMV. Several
varieties will be inoculated with both CMV and Alfalfa varieties will be inoculated with both CMV and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV).Mosaic Virus (AMV).
Greenhouse screen with all varieties to test for Greenhouse screen with all varieties to test for resistance to Clover Yellow Vein Virus (Phil Griffiths).resistance to Clover Yellow Vein Virus (Phil Griffiths).
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