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Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 1
AYSO Region 1447 Regional Referee
TrainingOnline Companion Course
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 2
AYSO Region 1447 Regional Referee TrainingOnline Companion Course
• Not entry level– Should have completed the online training
• Clinic is also known as “Basic Referee Training”– U10/U12/U14/U16/U19
• New Online Training Beginning Fall 2011• Please legibly fill out:
The Attendance Roster (left side info only) A Volunteer Application form
• Volunteer application each year
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 3
Module 2
The Game of Soccer
AYSO Organization & Philosophy
History of the Game
Reason for the Laws
Spirit of the Game
What Players Want Most
The Referee’s Job
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 4
AYSO OrganizationalStructure
• National
• Section
• Area
• Region
N
A
S S S
A A A
R R R R R
Region 1447 in Area C, Area C is in Section 12
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 5
The AYSO Philosophies
• Everyone Plays
• Balanced Teams
• Open Registration
• Positive Coaching
• Good Sportsmanship
• Player Development
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 6
Laws of the Game
• FIFA Laws of the Game (LOTG) of Soccer
• Reason for the Laws – Promote “Gentlemanly” play– Provide a standard reference for players and
referees– All 17 Laws are based on safety and
fairness
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 7
Law 1 – The Field of Play
Law 4 – Player’s Equipment
Law 5 – The Referee
Law 6 – The Assistant Referee
AYSO National Rules & Regulations
Modules 3 & 7
Pre-game Preparation & Post Game Duties
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 8
Pre-Game Duties • At pre-game a referee should…
– Arrive early• Ideally 30 minutes before kick-off
– Greet the coaches• Get line-up card from each coach, and ball from home
team coach
– Inspect Field, Ball and Players• Talk Briefly to Players
– Give Instructions to Assistant Referees (ARs) or Club Linesmen
– Conduct Coin Toss
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 9
Field Check The referee must ensure the field is safe for play.• During field inspection look for…
– Foreign objects on or near field.• Broken glass, debris, etc...
– Sprinklers or holes in the field.• These can be marked with cones obtained from coaches. If
cones are unavailable, consider using a jacket or sweater.
• Inspect goalposts, crossbars and nets– They can be a common source of injury. – Damaged goalposts or crossbars cannot be used until
they are fixed. • Do not let children play on the goalposts or crossbars
– If portable goals, must be secured to prevent tipping
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 10
Player’s Equipment
• Basic Compulsory Player Equipment– Jersey or shirt – tucked in– Shorts– Stockings -must completely cover shinguards– Shin guards– Footwear – cleats not required
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 11
Equipment/Safety Check: Prohibited Items
• Player may not wear anything which is dangerous to another player (or to themselves).
• No watches or jewelry – Jewelry includes: earrings, finger rings, nose
studs, bracelets, necklaces, barrettes, hair ties w/ hard pieces, bobby pins, rubber wrist bands, etc.
– Taping or covering jewelry is NOT permitted • This includes earrings
– Items not considered jewelry: prescription eye glasses medic alerts bracelets/necklaces, and hearing aids
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 12
Equipment/Safety Check: Prohibited Items (cont’d)
• No splints or casts - even if padded!– Knee or ankle braces are permitted if they don’t
have hard parts
• No hard-billed hats– Stocking caps are permitted
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 13
Check for Learning
Find the problems in this picture (9 in all)
ProblemsProblems1. Watch1. Watch2. Earrings2. Earrings3. Cast3. Cast4. Hood over Numbers4. Hood over Numbers5. Shinguards over Sock5. Shinguards over Sock6. Ring on Finger6. Ring on Finger7. Necklace7. Necklace8. Barrette8. Barrette9. Untucked Jersey9. Untucked Jersey
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 14
Lineup Cards• One card received
from coach of each team at pre-game
Coach Completes:• All information at top• Player #’s & names• Who’s not playing that
day and why
Referee Records: • Any reminders • Tally of goals scored• “Qtrs.” not played
2 Mark Smith x3 James Allen | x
4 Eric Garcia x
6 John Jones | | | x
7 Rick Thompson8 Kirk Richards X9 Michael Phillips X10 Thomas Hunter | X
11 Zack McDonald12 Eric Sena | X
1st H KO WestRed Jerseys
104 U10B 552 9/13/06Vipers 558Amy Jones Tom Smith
2 Mark Smith x3 James Allen | x
4 Eric Garcia x
6 John Jones | | | x
7 Rick Thompson8 Kirk Richards X9 Michael Phillips X10 Thomas Hunter | X
11 Zack McDonald12 Eric Sena | X
2 Mark Smith x3 James Allen | x
4 Eric Garcia x
6 John Jones | | | x
7 Rick Thompson8 Kirk Richards X9 Michael Phillips X10 Thomas Hunter | X
11 Zack McDonald12 Eric Sena | X
-------------------------- Out Sick ---------------
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 15
Back Side of Lineup CardAfter game, referee completes back of the card. Information includes:
• Transfer halftime & final scores from front side of both cards
• Rate behavior of coaches, players & spectators
• Print Your Name & Phone• Add commentary if needed
– Injuries and what player– Problems with weather, field
or behavior of individuals (who, what & when)
9/13/06 9 am Conchas Good552, Red/White 558, Yellow/Black
2-1 552 6-2 552
Katie Stanford 555-1234
• Sign Card (at bottom, not shown)
Game started 10 minutes late due to missing nets and corner flags
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 16
Coin Toss
• Visiting team gets to call the toss.• Winner of toss chooses end of field to attack• Other team gets to kick-off first
– Record 1st half kick-off team and direction on lineup card
• In 2nd half, the teams switch ends of the field.– Team that didn’t kick off at the beginning of the game
kicks off to begin the 2nd half.• Example: If the blue team kicked off to the west in 1st
half, then the Red team kicks west in 2nd half.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 17
Post Game DutiesAt the end of the game…• Collect the ball
– Return to home team
• Supervise the post game ceremony– Watch to see that players are behaving as good
sports.
• Conduct a post game conference with assistant referees
• Complete lineup cards – Put completed cards in pouch/field bag near one of
the goals
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 18
Module 8
The Mechanical Aspects of the Game – The Field & Ball
Law 1 - The Field of Play
Law 2 - The Ball
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 19
Field of Play: Markings & Areas
Goal Area
Penalty Area
Penalty Arc
Goal
Penalty Mark
HalfwayLine
CenterCircle
Touch LinesGoal Line
Goal LineCorner Arc
Halfway Line Flag or Cone (optional)Corner Flag (required)
Note: Lines are part of the areas they encloseCoaches Area
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 20
Coaches Area20 yds wide, 1 Yard from Touch Line
Field Dimensions: U-11 and above(Regulation AYSO Field Size)
“6 Yard Line”
Penalty Area: 18 x 44 Yards
10 Yard Radius
Goal mouth 8 yards wide by 8 feet high
The “18 Yard Line”
1 Yard Radius
Goal Area: 6 x 20 Yds.
18 Yards
Flag height: 5 feet minimum
12 Yards
Field Size: Length: 80-130 Yards, Width: 50-100 Yards• Field must be a rectangle
(longer than it is wide)
Halfway Line Flag1 Yard from Touch Line
6 Yards
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 21
The Ball
• Ensure ball is suitable for play– Properly Inflated
• Can hurt players if over or under inflated• Thumb pressure should dent ball ¼ to ½ inch.
Age Group Ball Size
U-5, U-6, U-7, U-8 Size 3
U-9, U-10, U-11, U-12 Size 4
U-14, U-16, U-19 Size 5
– Spherical and Balanced
– No tears or cuts
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 22
Law 3 – Number of Players
Law 8 – Start and Restart of Play (Kick-Offs)
Law 7 – Duration of the Match
AYSO National Rules & Regulations
Module 4
Starting the Game
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 23
Number of Players
Age GroupMaximum on Field (#-a-side)
Minimum for Match
U-7, U-8 5 3
U-9, U-10 7 5
U-11, U-12 9 6
U-14, U-16, U-19 11 7
• Regulation AYSO matches (U-14+) have a maximum of 11 players-a-side and a minimum of 7.– U-12 and younger play short-sided games.
• If a team has fewer than the maximum number of players, the coach from the full-sided team may lend one or more players to the other team
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 24
Starting the Game
Just prior to kick-off check that…• You have the line-up cards, your whistle, your
watch, red & yellow cards and pen/pencil• Ball is in the center circle• Count the players • AR’s/linemen are ready and in position• Verify both goalkeepers are ready • Signal (whistle) for kick to be taken• Start watch
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 25
The Kick Off
• Where: At mark in the Center Circle
• When: – At start of game, – Start of 2nd half, and – After each goal scored
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 26
Kick Off Procedure• All players must be in their own half
– Players from both teams may stand on Half-way Line
• Opponents away from ball– 8 yards for U-9 & U-10, 10 yards for U-11 and above– Standing on Center Circle Line is OK
• Ball stationary• Referee signal
– Typically by whistling
• Ball in play when kicked and moves forward– If beginning of 1st or 2nd half, clock starts when ball is
put into play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 27
Improper Kick Offs
• Retake If Not Done Correctly:– Ball kicked backwards– Player encroaches prior to kick
• Examples: a player from either team crosses halfway line, or a player from non-kicking team enters center circle prior to kick-off
• Play stopped at referee’s discretion
• Indirect Free Kick to opposing team if played twice by same player– This is the “Double Touch” rule which applies to
all restarts except the dropped ball
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 28
Time Keeping
• Referee is sole timekeeper– AR may be used as a backup
timekeeper.• Halves are timed• Time officially starts at the opening kick-off when
ball is kicked and moves forward• No timeouts• When time runs out in the half, blow whistle
– 2x to end half, 3x to end game– Play stops at that point in time
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 29
Time Keeping (con’t)
• Substitution break called approximately midway through the half
• In Region 1447, clock keeps running through the substitution break. – Our games run in a tight series throughout the day on
Saturday. Only in rare instances should time be added, and if justified, only a few minutes at most.
– AYSO National policy: Stoppage time is added for substitutions
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 30
Game Duration by Division
Division Half Length
U-7/8 20 minutes
U-9/10 25 minutes
U-11/12 30 minutes
U-14 35 minutes
U-16* 40 minutes
U-19 45 minutes* Currently AYSO Region 1447 does not have
U16 divisions in general play
• Game comprised of two equal halves
• Half-time periods are at least 5 minutes and not longer than 10 minutes
• Length of halves may be altered for tournament or competition play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 31
Module 5
Stopping Play
Law 3 – Number of Players (substitutions)
Law 5 – The Referee (stopping for injuries)
Law 8 – Start and Restart of Play
Law 9 – Ball In and Out of Play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 32
AYSO Substitutions• In accordance with the AYSO National Rules
and Regulations there are 4 regular substitution opportunities:– Midway through the first half– At half time – Midway through the second half– For an injured player
• There are NO free substitutions in AYSO
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 33
AYSO Substitutions (con’t)
• Look for substitution opportunities when the ball goes out of play– Throw-ins, goal kicks, and prior to kick-offs are
ideal
• Late arriving players must play at least:– Two quarters if they arrive in 1st Qtr.– One quarter if they arrive in 2nd or 3rd Qtr.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 34
Stoppage of Play for InjuriesIf a player gets injured…• The referee may stop play immediately or at
anytime• If bleeding or serious injury, the player must leave
the field. – Referee should beckon the coach on to the field to attend
to injured player – The team may opt to either substitute immediately or
play short (provided at or above minimum # of players)• Substitute should wait to enter once the injured player
has exited the field of play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 35
Ball In and Out of Play
OUT
Two ways for the ball to be out of play: 1. When the referee stops play (i.e. whistles)2. When the ball leaves the field of play• All of the ball goes
completely beyond the outer edge of the touch line or goal line
The ball is in play at all other times
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 36
Ball In and Out of Play (con’t)
• The ball is still in play even when it :– Rebounds off the goal post, cross bar or corner
flag back onto the field– Touches the referee or the AR (provided the
ball has not left the field of play)
• The ball’s position determines whether it is in or out of play, not the player’s position.
• Whistle Not normally needed when ball goes out of play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 37
Method of ScoringA goal is scored when the whole
of the ball passes over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar.– Assumes that no infringement of the
Laws of the Game has been committed previously by the team scoring the goal.
• Referee signals by pointing toward the center circle (the restart is a kick-off)
Goal Scored/Not Scored
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 38
When to Use the Whistle
When to Whistle:• To start or restart play …
– At kick-offs– After a substitution break to signal restart of game
• To stop play …– For a foul or infraction– Due to an interruption from an outside event or injury– For a substitution break– To end the half or the game
• To get player’s attention
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 39
When the Whistle Isn’t Needed
Whistle Not Necessary for:• Normal ball-out-of-play situations (ball over
touch line or goal line)• Restarting play prior to that restart
• Exception is restart after sub-break• After a goal is scored
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 40
Modules 6 & 9
Starting & Restarting Play – Part 1: Throw-ins and Goal Kicks
Law 15 – The Throw-in
Law 16 – The Goal Kick
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 41
Restarts
Eight restarts in soccer• Kick Off (KO)• Throw In (TI)• Goal Kick (GK)• Corner Kick (CK) • Dropped Ball (DB)• Direct Free Kick (DFK)• Indirect Free Kick (IFK)• Penalty Kick (PK)
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 42
Throw-Ins
A throw-in is taken to restart the game after the ball goes out of play over the touch line.
• Awarded to the opponents of the team who last touched the ball.– May be taken by any player on that team,
including the goalkeeper
• Referee signals by pointing in the direction of attack for the team getting the throw-in
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 43
Throw-ins: Proper Location
• Taken from the approximate point where the ball crossed the touch line– No more than 1 yard either way along touch line– Throw-ins about to be taken more than a yard from
this point can be managed by referee prior to the throw
– All opponents must be at least 2 yards from the thrower until the ball is in play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 44
Legal Throw-In Requirements
For a legal throw-in the thrower must… Face the field of play Have part of each foot
touching the ground, either on or behind the touch line
Use both hands to deliver the ball from behind and over the head.
Position of feet important, but only at the moment of release
TOUCH LINE
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 45
Throw-In Specifics (con’t)
• Once the ball is in play the thrower may not touch it a second time until it has touched another player.– If so, it results in a IFK for the opponents at the
spot of the second touch. DFK if it was touched with the hands (free kicks to be covered later)
• A goal may not be scored directly from a throw-in.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 46
Goal KicksWhen the ball leaves the field over the goal line,
last touched by an attacker, and does not score a goal, the restart is a goal kick
• Referee signals by pointing toward the goal area.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 47
Goal Kick Ball Placement• The defending team may place the ball anywhere
in the goal area, including on its boundary lines
Note: This also applies to free kicks by defenders
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 48
Goal Kick Specifics• Opponents of the kicker must move outside the
penalty area.• Ball must be stationary at the time of kick• The ball is in play when it is kicked directly out of
the penalty area without being touched or played by any other player
• A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opponents, i.e. no own goals on goal kicks
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 49
Goal Kicks - Infringements
• If anyone plays the ball or the kicker kicks the ball again before it leaves the penalty area, the kick has not been properly taken and must be retaken.– The ball was never put into play! It is like the kick did not
happen!
• After the ball leaves the penalty area the kicker may still not touch the ball a second time until it has touched another player.– Results in an IFK for the opponents at the spot of the
second touch
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 50
Modules 6 & 9
Starting & Restarting Play – Part 2: Corner Kicks & The
Dropped Ball
Law 17 – The Corner KickLaw 8 – Start and Restart of Play
(Dropped Ball)
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 51
Corner Kicks
• Referee signals by pointing toward the corner where the kick is to be taken– Corner nearest to the
point where the ball went out.
When the ball leaves the field over the goal line without scoring a goal and was last touched by a defender, the restart is a corner kick
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 52
Corner Kick Ball Placement
• Ball can be placed anywhere in the corner arc including on the boundary lines
• The corner flag post may not be moved or removed. It may, however, be placed upright.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 53
Corner Kick Specifics• Opponents of the kicker must remain 10 yards
away from the corner arc until it is kicked into play– 8 yards for U-9 & U-10
• The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves.– Ball NOT required to leave the arc to be in play
• The kicker may not touch the ball a second time until it has touched another player.– Infringement results in an IFK for the opponents at the
spot of the second touch
• A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the opponents.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 54
Dropped BallWhen play is stopped by the referee for an
unusual but neutral reason, play is restarted by the referee dropping the ball.
• Reasons for doing a dropped ball include: – An injury – A dog on the field – A stray ball from a nearby game– A mistaken whistle– Any other occasion when play is stopped for any reason
other than the ball leaving the field of play or an infraction of the laws
• Not used when it’s not obvious or unknown who last played the ball before it went out
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 55
Dropped Ball Procedure
• The referee drops the ball where it was when play was stopped– Exception: If in the goal area, the referee drops
the ball at the nearest point on the goal area line that is parallel to the goal line.
• The ball is dropped from the height of a player’s waist and is in play when it hits the ground.
• If a player kicks the ball before it hits the ground, it is dropped again because play has not been restarted properly.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 56
Restart After an Injury
• After an Injury play is restarted with either:– A dropped ball if the ball was on the field of play
at the time of the whistle, or– The normal restart if the ball was out of play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 57
Stopping & Restarting Play: Cause and Effect Summary
If Cause of Stoppage: Restart with:Injury or Outside
Interference Dropped Ball
Ball leaves the field of play over touch line
Throw-in
Ball leaves the field of play over goal line
Goal Kick, Corner Kick or Kick Off
Fouls or Misconduct Direct Free Kick, Indirect Free Kick or Penalty Kick
Substitution Normal restart based on how play stopped for substitution
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 58
Referee Quiz(The Mother of All Quizzes for the Officials of All Time)
1. Soccer fields must be ________ for players.
2. Once the officials inspect the field and correct dangers, a referee will cancel a game and not let children play if the field markings are not correct. (True/False)
3. Soccer balls can hurt if they have too much or too little air. (True/False)
4. On a coin toss, everyone wins. The team that wins the toss chooses the end of the field to attack and the other team wins the first kick-off. (True/False)
5. At a kick-off, the kicker may play the ball twice before anyone else touches it. (True/False)
Safe
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 59
Referee Quiz (cont’d)6. lf a player kicks the ball backward on a kick-off, the referee should:
a. Give the other team a free kick b. Retake the kick-off 7. When dropping the ball, the referee should hold it at waist height.
Whose waist?a. The players‘ b. The referee's
8. The ball is in play and rolls down the touch line. The ball is still in play. (True/False)
9. A player steps off the field to kick the ball that is sitting on the touch line. Play is stopped. (True/False)
10. A ball rolls slowly toward the goal and stops before completely crossing the goal line.a. Say, “Keep playing! It didn't go all the way into the goal.” b. Say, ”No goal!” Restart with a goal kick.c. Say nothing. The coaches and parents will tell the kids what to
do.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 60
Referee Quiz (cont’d)Match items in column A with those in column B.
Column B
a. Throw-in blue
b. Throw-in red
c. Kick-off
d. Goal kick
e. Corner kick
f. Free kick
Column A11. Attacker plays ball over goal line
(no score)12. Red team last touches ball which
goes over touch line13. Player who takes restart touches
the ball a second time before it has been touched by another player
14. Defender plays ball over goal line into goal (score)
15. Defender plays ball over goal line (no score)
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 61
>> Break Time <<
10 Minutes Please
Instructors will collect your volunteer forms.Please ensure that this form is completed with your Driver’s
License # and SSN provided, the disclosure questions answered and the form signed.
ID check is required.
Also, please fill out the Referee Attendance Roster form and the Referee Contact Information Card if you haven’t
done so yet.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 62
Modules 6 & 9
Stopping & Restarting Play –
Free Kicks and Penalty Kicks
Law 8 – Start and Restart of Play
Law 13 – Free Kicks
Law 14 – Penalty Kicks
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 63
Free Kicks• There are two types of free kicks: Direct Free
Kicks (DFK) and Indirect Free Kicks (IFK).• For any free kick (DFK or IFK) …
– The ball must be stationary when the kick is taken,– Play of the ball must be done with a kicking
motion of the foot• Tapping the top of the ball with the foot or stepping on
the ball are not sufficient
– The kicker may not play the ball again a second time until it has touched another player
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 64
Direct Free Kicks• A Direct Free Kick (DFK) results from a DFK foul
– Examples: Pushing an opponent, Tripping an opponent, Holding an opponent, Deliberately Handling the Ball, etc.
– Applies to anywhere on field except when the defending team commits a DFK foul in their penalty area • Penalty Kick instead
• Referee signals by pointing in the direction of attack for the kicking team
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 65
Direct Free Kicks (cont’d)
• If a DFK is kicked directly into the opponents’ goal, a goal is awarded
• If a DFK is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, corner kick is awarded to the opposing team– No own goals on DFKs
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 66
Indirect Free Kicks• Results from a IFK foul or other infraction
– Examples: Playing in a Dangerous Manner, Impeding an Opponent, Offside, etc.
• Referee signals by raising arm straight up in the air– Should momentarily point in the
direction of attack for the kicking team– Arm should remain up after kick until
the ball is touched by another player or goes out of play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 67
Indirect Free Kicks (cont’d)
• A goal can be scored only if the ball subsequently touches another player before it enters the goal.– If an IFK is kicked directly into the
opponents’ goal, it is NOT a goal, and instead a goal kick is awarded
– If an IFK is kicked directly into the team’s own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team • No own goals on free kicks
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 68
Position of Free Kicks
• Free Kicks (DFK or IFK) Outside the Penalty Area– The free kick is taken from the place where
the infringement occurred– All opponents are at least 10 yards from the
ball until it is in play– The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 69
Position of Free Kicks Special Circumstances
• Free Kick (DFK or IFK) Inside the Penalty Area by the defending team:– All opponents are at least 10 yards from the ball– All opponents remain outside the penalty area
until the ball is in play– The ball is in play when it is kicked directly
beyond the penalty area– A free kick awarded in the goal area is taken
from any point inside that area
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 70
Position of Free Kicks Special Circumstances (cont’d)
• Indirect free kick to the attacking team near opponent’s goal:– All opponents are at least 10 yards from the ball
until it is in play• Exception: They are on their own goal line between
the goalposts
– The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves– If infringement occurred inside the goal area, the
IFK is taken at location on the goal area line which runs parallel to the goal line (“the 6 yard line”), at the point nearest to spot of the infringement.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 71
Free Kick Specifics
• Allowed to go in any direction, including backwards• Quick kicks are allowed.
– Recognize the difference between a "ceremonial" free kick and a team wanting to take a quick kick.
• The kick should be retaken if an opponent is closer to the ball than the required distance at the time the kick is taken (at the referee’s discretion)
• The kick should also be retaken if the original free kick is taken by the defending team from inside their own penalty area and the ball is not kicked directly into play
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 72
Free Kick Double Touch Violation
• After the ball is in play, if the kicker touches the ball a 2nd time before it has touched another player an IFK is awarded to the opposing team– Taken from the place where the infringement occurred– Exception: A 2nd touch by a field player with his hands
results in a DFK.
Version Spring 08-1 AYSO Region 104 - Basic Referee Training 73
Penalty Kicks
• A penalty kick (PK) is awarded to the opponents of a team that commits any offense for which a DFK is awarded, inside its own penalty area and while the ball is in play.– A goal may be scored directly from a PK.– Additional time is allowed for a PK to be taken at the end
of each half or at the end of periods of extra time.– If requested, the defending team may replace its
goalkeeper with one of the other field players (position switch, not a substitution)
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Penalty Kick Mechanics
• Referee signals by pointing at the penalty mark• The ball is placed on the penalty mark
– Let the kicker place the ball on the mark
• The player taking the PK is properly identified• Defending goalkeeper remains on his goal line,
facing the kicker, between the goalposts until the ball has been kicked– Keeper is allowed to move laterally (back and forth) on the
goal line
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• Behind the penalty mark
• 10 yards from the ball (on the mark)– On or beyond the
penalty arc
Penalty Kick Player LocationOther than the kicker and goalkeeper, players
are located:• Inside the field of play• Outside the penalty area
DA
A
D
D
A
AD
D
A D
A K
GK
R
AR
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Penalty Kick Procedure• The referee signals (whistles) for a PK to be taken
– But only when the players are in proper position
• In play when kicked and moves Forward– If ball is kicked backwards: IFK to opponents
• Goalkeeper cannot move forward until ball is kicked • Kicker may not play/touch ball again until it has
touched another player – For instance, kicker cannot play ball if it rebounds directly
off the goal post or crossbar. – If so, IFK to opponents
• The referee decides when a PK has been completed
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Penalty Kick InfringementsTypical infringements include the following events
prior to the kick:• The goalkeeper moving off the goal line• A non-kicking player entering the penalty area, or crossing
past the penalty arc, or moving in front of the penalty mark outside the penalty area.
Who infringedBall Goes in
GoalBall Does Not
Go in GoalAn attacker
including the kickerRetake PK IFK for defense
A defender including the goalkeeper
Goal (Kick-off) Retake PK
Both attacker and defender Retake PK Retake PK
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Module 10
Fouls & Misconduct, Basic
Law 12 – Fouls and Misconduct
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Fouls• What is a foul?
An unfair or unsafe action … committed by a player ...
against an opponent or the opposing team … on the field of play…
while the ball is in play.– Acts specified in Law 12
• Separated into two types: – More serious fouls are Direct Free Kick Fouls
(formally known as penal fouls)– Less serious fouls are Indirect Free Kick Fouls
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Direct Free Kick Fouls
• The Direct Free Kick (DFK) fouls are punished by stopping play and awarding the opposing team a direct free kick from the place where the foul occurred.– A Penalty Kick (PK) is award if the DFK foul
occurs in the penalty area by a defender
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The 10 Direct Free Kick Fouls• The following 6 offenses, if committed in a manner the
referee considers to be careless, reckless, or involving excessive force, are DFK fouls:– Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent– Trips or attempts to trip an opponent– Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent– Jumps at an opponent– Charges an opponent– Pushes an opponent
• If a player commits any of the following 4 offenses they are also considered DFK fouls:– Tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball making
contact with the opponent before touching the ball– Holds an opponent– Spits at an opponent– Handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper within
his own penalty area)
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Common DFK Fouls
• Most Common DFK Fouls in U-10 and younger:
– Pushes an opponent,
– Trips an opponent, – Holds an opponent,
– Charges an opponent and,
– Deliberately handles the ball
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• Pushes an opponent– Young players commonly push opponents to
get to the ball or gain an advantage.– Pushing is not allowed, even when players use
something beside their hands.
• Trips or attempts to trip an opponent– A common foul at all ages. – Any time tripping occurs there is an element of
carelessness or recklessness involved. – Referees should be sure that players did not
trip over the ball, or their own feet.
Common DFK Fouls (cont’d)
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Common DFK Fouls (cont’d)
• Handles the ball deliberately– A direct free kick foul (it never results in an IFK)– Act judged if a player deliberately strikes,
deflects, or holds the ball with their hands or arms.
– For the purpose of judging handling, the “hand” extends from the fingertips to the corner of the shoulder (arm-torso joint)
– Attempting to handle the ball is not a foul.
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Common DFK Fouls (cont’d)
• Handles the ball deliberately (cont’d)– If the ball strikes the player’s hands or arms,
no offense has occurred because the player has not deliberately handled the ball.
– Referees can promote a better understanding of this foul by consistently using the correct term “handles the ball deliberately”, not “handball”
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Common DFK Fouls (cont’d)
• Holds an opponent– Holding any part of an opponent may give a
player an unfair advantage. – It is illegal to hold with the hands or any parts
of the body.
• Charges an opponent– Fair charges are allowed and are defined as a
brief, staccato, shoulder-to-shoulder bumps. – Reckless or hard charges are illegal.
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Indirect Free Kick Fouls Committed by Any Player
An IFK is awarded to the opposing team if a player, in the opinion of the referee, commits the following:
• Plays in a dangerous manner– This includes…
• High kicks near an opponent• Low headers near an opponent’s kick• A player lying on the ground that is continuously trying
to kick the ball away from an opponent– For U-9 & U-10 in Region 104 regular season play, slide
tackles are considered dangerous play– This is the most common IFK foul (Non-Penal Foul) for
younger players
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IFK Fouls Committed by Any Player (con’t)
• Impedes the progress of an opponent
• Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands
• Commits any other offense, not previously mentioned in Law 12, for which play is stopped to caution or send off a player
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Indirect Free Kick Fouls Committed by the Goalkeeper
An IFK is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area, commits any of the following 4 offenses:• Takes more than 6 seconds while controlling the ball
with his hands, before releasing it from his possession• Touches the ball again with his hands after it has been
released from his possession and has not touched any other player
• Touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a teammate
• For youth play, this does not include a defender’s miss-kicked ball that is handled by the goalkeeper
• Touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a teammate
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Misconduct• Also divided into two types:
– Actions which are cautioned and the yellow card shown
– Behaviors for which the player must be sent off and shown the red card and not allowed to participate further in the match.
• In U-9 and U-10, a player should not be cautioned or sent off except under extreme conditions. – If possible, talk with the offending player early in the
match– By anticipating problems and working with coaches,
referees can prevent players from getting into most situations that will cause them to be sanctioned.
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Cautionable Misconduct
1. Is guilty of unsporting behavior (USB) *2. Shows dissent by word or action (DT) *3. Persistently infringes the Laws of the Game (PI)4. Delays the restart of play (DR) *5. Fails to respect the required distance when play is
restarted with a corner kick, free kick or throw-in (FRD)6. Enters or re-enters the field of play without permission
(E) *7. Leaves the field of play without permission (L)
* These four offenses also apply to substitutes or substituted players
A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of the following 7 offenses:
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Send-Off Misconduct
1. Is guilty of serious foul play (SFP)2. Is guilty of violent conduct (VC)3. Spits at an opponent or any other person (S)4. Denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring
opportunity by deliberately handling the ball (DGH) (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
5. Denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an opponent moving towards the player’s goal by an offense punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick. (DGF)
6. Uses offensive, insulting, or abusive language and/or gestures (AL)
7. Receives a second caution in the same match. (2CT)With the exception of ‘serious foul play’, all apply to substitutes or
substituted players
A player, substitute or substituted player is sent off and shown the red card if he commits any of the following 7 offenses:
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Caution/Send Off Mechanics
• When play is stopped for a caution or send off and another restart (such as a DFK) is not specified by the Laws, the restart is an indirect free kick for the opponents.
• If the referee waits until the ball is out of play to caution or send off a player, play is restarted according to the way the ball went out of play.
• When a player is cautioned or sent off, the card must be shown. The referee holds the appropriate card at arm’s length directly above his own head.
• All red card send-offs in Region 1447 must be reported to the Chief Referee within 24 hours– Applies to send off of any player or dismissal of any
coach
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Module 11
Offside, Basic
Law 11 – Offside
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Offside(a short history)
In the early days of soccer some players were lazy and rather than work with the rest of their team, these players chose to hang around near their opponents’ goal, wait until the ball came to them, and then attempt to score a goal. Many of their teammates thought that this was not gentlemanly nor fair. The rules, consequently, evolved to say that a player who is ahead of the ball in the opponent’s half of the field, is “off his side” (side meaning team) and is not allowed to participate while in that position.
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Offside Position
• For a player to be in offside position 3 things must be true…
1.The player is closer to the opponents’ goal line than the ball
2.The player is in the opponent’s half of the field3.The player is closer to the opponents’ goal line
than the second last opponent
• It is not an offense to be in an offside position.
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The Offside Offense• A player in an offside position is only
penalized if, at the moment the ball touches or is played by one of his team, he is, in the opinion of the referee, involved in active play by:
1. Interfering with play, or
2. Interfering with an opponent, or
3. Gaining an advantage by being in that position.
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Offside Offense – Interfering with Play or an Opponent
• “Interfering with play” generally means playing or touching the ball passed or touched by a teammate.– It also includes receiving a deflected pass from a
teammate
• “Interfering with an opponent” takes many forms. Some of these include:– Getting in the way of an opponent,– Preventing an opponent from playing the ball,– Talking to, yelling at, or distracting an opponent.
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Offside Offense – Gaining an Advantage…
• “Gaining an advantage by being in that position” includes:– Playing the ball from a teammate’s shot on goal which
rebounds off the goalposts, crossbar or goalkeeper – Being near enough to the play to capitalize immediately
on a defender’s mistake having gained the advantage solely by being in the offside position.
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Exceptions to Offside
• A player in an offside position is not penalized if he/she receives the ball directly from a …1. Goal kick
2. Throw-in, or
3. Corner kick(Offside is momentarily suspended when the ball is being
returned to play after leaving the field of play)
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Restart After an Offside Offense
• If an offside offense occurs, the referee stops play and awards an indirect free kick to the opposing team at the spot where the offside player was at the time.– The referee signals offside by the standard IFK
signal (arm straight up in the air)– The special circumstances for taking free kicks
inside the goal area apply.
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 1
An attacker in an offside position (A), not interfering with an opponent, touches the ball.
OFFSIDE - The assistant referee should raise the flag when the player touches the ball.
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 2
An attacker in an offside position (A), not interfering with an opponent, does not touch the ball.
NOT OFFSIDE - The player cannot be penalized because he did not touch the ball.
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 3
An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball and a teammate in onside position (B) runs also towards the ball and plays it.
NOT OFFSIDE - Player (A) cannot be penalized because he did not touch the ball.
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 4
An attacker in an offside position (A1) runs towards the ball and plays it (A2).
OFFSIDE - The assistant referee should raise the flag when the player touches the ball (A2).
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 5
An attacker in an offside position (1) runs towards the ball and does not touch the ball.
GOAL KICK (NOT OFFSIDE) - The assistant referee should signal “goal kick”.
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 6
An attacker in an offside position (A) is obstructing the goalkeeper’s line of vision.
OFFSIDE - He should be penalized because he prevents an opponent from playing or being able to play the ball.
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 7
Attacker (A) is in an offside position
NOT OFFSIDE – Attacker (A) is not obstructing the goalkeeper’s line of vision or making a gesture or movement which deceives or distracts him.
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 8
An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball but he does not prevent the opponent from playing or being able to play the ball.
NOT OFFSIDE, CORNER KICK - (A) is not making any gesture or movement which deceives or distracts (B).
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Offside/Not OffsideExample 9
An attacker in an offside position (A) runs towards the ball preventing the opponent (B) from playing or being able to play the ball.
OFFSIDE - Player (A) is making a movement which could deceive or distract player (B).
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Module 12
Referee & Assistant Referee Mechanics
Law 5 – The RefereeLaw 6 – The Assistant Referee
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Assistant Referees• Two assistant referees (ARs) are appointed to help
the referee control the match.• Depending upon the referee’s instructions, ARs are to:
– Indicate ball in and out of play– Indicate which side gets a corner kick, goal kick, or throw-in– Indicate offside infractions– Indicate desired substitution– Indicate when misconduct occurs out of the referee’s view– Assist to control the match
• In general, ARs/linesmen position should be even with the second-to-last defender, or the ball, or the halfway line, which ever is closest to the goal being attacked
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Club Linesmen• When ARs are available, club linesmen should be
recruited– Effective referees make the club linesmen part of the
team
• Club linesmen can be trained to help with the following:– See if the nets are fastened securely– Indicate when the ball has crossed the touch line– Participate in half-time discussion
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Club Linesmen (cont’d)• Trained club linesmen can take on further “AR”
duties at the discretion of the referee. Some of these duties may include:– Indicate restart ball-out-of-play over goal line– Indicate improper throw-ins– Indicate offside offense
• Many club linesmen need to be instructed to only run from the halfway line to the goal line, not the entire side.
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Referee Communication &The Diagonal System of Control
AR
AR
• At any given moment, two officials should be in position to view play from different angles.
• Eye contact between CR & AR is important
CR
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Referee Signals
Corner KickGoal Kick
Direct Free Kick
Indirect Free Kick
Throw-in
Goal Scored
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Referee Decisions and Authority
• The referee of a match has full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game– May temporarily suspend or terminate match due to …
• Player infringement of the Laws• Outside interference of any kind
– Law 5 lists specific powers and duties
• Referee decisions are final– Referee may change a decision provided play has not
resumed
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Assistant Referee Signals:Throw-in
Throw-In for attackers
Throw-In for defenders
Touch line
Goalline
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AR Signals: Corner Kick
Pointing toward corner
Signal used for both near and far corners
Touch line
Goalline
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AR Signals: Goal Kick
Touch line
Goal line
Goal Area
Pointing toward Goal
Area
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AR Signal: Offside
Flag is held
steady
Touch lineGoalline Also could mean
ball out of play
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AR Signals: Position of Offside Player
Offside on the near side of the field
Offside in the center of the
field
Offside on far side of the field
Touch line
Goal line
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AR Signals: Substitution
Goalline
Touch line
Signal typically only used for open substitution situations.
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AR Signal: Foul
Goalline
Touch line
Flick or wave the flag and make eye contact with center
referee
After whistle, point direction at a 45
degree angle in the direction of free kick.
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AR Signals: Goal/No Goal
Goalline
NoGoal
Touch line
Run a short distance toward the halfway line and make eye contact with center referee
GoalScored
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Module 13
Understanding the AYSO Game
Law 5 – The RefereeAYSO Rules & Regulations
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AYSO Coaching Philosophy
Positive
Instructive
Encouraging
What is Positive Coaching?
P
I
E
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Location of Coaches & Spectators
• Coaches’ Area– 20 Yards wide (extending 10 yards on either side of the halfway line)– 1 yard back from the touch line
• Coaches and substitutes should remain in their area for duration of match – Exceptions: Pre-game, Half time, Post-game or when requested by
the referee to enter the field of play• Spectators should be along their side lines, 3 yards back
from the touch line, and between the “18 Yard lines” – Definitely not behind the goal line near the field of play
Halfway Line
Coaches’ Area (Technical Area)
Touch Line
Spectators Area
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Problems With Spectators• Work with the coach(es) first
– Spectator behavior is the responsibility of the coaches• In practice, most can’t/won’t manage spectators.
They aren’t trained to.
• If problems persist with a particular spectator: – One option: Take the coach with you and the two of you
deal with that person. – Alternative: Stop game and see that the individual is
given the “Green Card” if necessary/appropriate• You can give it to the coach or another spectator to
pass on– Yellow or Red cards cannot be shown to a spectator
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Spirit of the Game – Fair Play• Referee Credo: Fun, Fair & Safe• “The Laws of the Game are intended to provide that games
should be played with as little interference as possible, and in this view it is the duty of the referee to penalize only deliberate breaches of the Law. Constant whistling for trifling and doubtful breaches produces bad feelings and loss of temper on the part of the players and spoils the pleasure of the spectators.”
FUN, FAIR & SAFETOO FEW
CALLSTOO MANY
CALLS
UNSAFE, UNFAIR
NOTFUN
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AYSO Referee Program
Regional U-9, U-10 Basic Referee Course (Modules 1-13)
National U-16, U-19
Advanced Advanced Ref Course(Modules 20-24)
Intermediate Intermediate Ref Course (Modules 14-19)
Badge Level Age Focus
U-8 Official
Course & Modules
U-8 & younger U5-U8 Referee Course (Modules 1-7)
U-14
U-11, U-12
National Referee Course
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Continuing Education
• Web sites– ASYO 1447: www.ayso1447.org– AYSO: www.soccer.org and www.aysohelp.org– USSF: www.ussoccer.com– FIFA: www.fifa.com – Other: www.asktheref.com (Ask The Ref)
• Publications– USSF: “Advice to Referees on the Laws of the Game”, “Guide
to Procedures for Referees, ARs & 4th Officials”– FIFA: “Questions and Answers to the Laws of the Game”– AYSO: “Guidance for Referees and Coaches”
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Referee Support
• Informal Mentoring
• Observations & Assessments– Observations done mainly for
upgrade to Intermediate Referee
– Assessments done mainly for upgrade to Advanced & National
• Referee Meetings as needed
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AYSO Philosophies(one more time)
• Everyone Plays
• Balanced Teams
• Open Registration
• Positive Coaching
• Good Sportsmanship
• Player Development
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On-line Referee Scheduler (TBA)
• Used for U-9 and older divisions in Region 1447– U-10 and above we go to neutral referees (not affiliated with home
team) that are primarily self-assigned
• Accessed from the Region 1447 web page– www.ayso1447.org | Referees menu | Referee Scheduler– Username / Password: online
• Schedules posted about a week prior to the season start – Late August and February
• Used for Center Referee and Assistant Referee positions
• May be used to request mentoring or observations
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Reporting of Problems
• Contact management in region– The Division Commissioner (e.g. U-10 Boys DC, U-9
Girls DC, etc.)– The Regional Referee Administrator
• Randy Lanier in Region 1447: trevorrohm@yahoo.com,
– If problem involves a coach or a player, copy the Regional Coach Administrator (Chief Coach)
• Report Facts of Event:– Date, Time & Park Location– Division (e.g. U-10 Girls)– Individuals Involved: Players (name and number), Coaches,
Spectators (if known)– Cautions (yellow cards) or Send Off/Dismissals (red cards)– Description of Event
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Sportsmanship Awards
Pins for each game (coaches and referees)
Team award medals – show up in uniform each week and your coach will turn in a form, points for sportsmanship
Individual Award Trophy– 1 player nominated at the end of the year
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If you would like a copy of these slides, send an e-mail to: chief.referee@ayso1447.org
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Benefits and Expectations as a Regional Referee
• At the end of this clinic, receive a full referee uniform and equipment set – Includes: Jersey, Shorts, Socks, Regional Badge,
Red/Yellow Cards, Wallet, AR Flags, Flip Coin, Whistle & Lanyard, etc.
• By accepting the uniform and materials:– Recommend 1 game a week – Sign up with the online scheduler– Games need to be:
• At the U-9 or higher level• OK to referee U5/6/7/8
– be aware of rule changes
Recommended