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8/8/2019 Vehicle Computing Platform
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8/8/2019 Vehicle Computing Platform
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INDUSTRIAL COMPUTING
February 2010 24
n
The trend in vehicle computing platformsfor end users has moved from office-based PC
platforms to rugged industrial PC (IPC) prod-
ucts. IPC adoption is projected to increase at
an above average rate in the traffic and trans-
portation sectors. A significant driving factor
of this growth is the increasing popularity of
panel and box computer use on trains, buses,
and at rapid transit terminals. In-vehicle digital
signage and customer information displays
are the most popular applications in these en-
vironments. The increasing availability and re-
liability of the vehicle computing platform is a
significant source of stimulation to the growth
in rugged IPC deployment in the traffic andtransportation sectors. Rugged IPCs are well
suited to harsh environments and are therefore
well suited to the in-vehicle environment.
So what are the requirements of a vehicle
computing platform for the traffic and trans-
portation sectors? Vibration and shock are
commonplace, as are additional demands such
as extended temperature operation, conformal
coating support and automotive power design.
Also required are system enclosures designed
to meet IP Codes (International Protection
Rating) with the degree of protection againstthe intrusion of particulates and water that is
necessary for the specific application. In addi-
tion to the ruggedness provided by an IPC, ve-
hicle computing platforms may also have spe-
cific video requirements. Digital signage is abooming application in retail, education, hos-
pitality and transportation. In-vehicle digital
signage is increasingly in demand. With mod-
ern video technology, high definition video
content is becoming the default standard in
digital signage applications. However, main-
stream embedded platforms generally do not
have sufficient performance for HD video
playback as their primary focus is low power
consumption applications. Therefore, a vehicle
computing platform will also require a high
definition video decoder to support video
playback at resolutions from QCIF to Full HD.
An often asked question is - how rugged is
rugged? The balance of cost and performance
is always a dilemma to manufacturers. A true
vehicle computing platform should be rugged
by design and not just ruggedized. In order to
support the extremes of shock, vibration, hu-
midity and temperature, care must be given to
component selection, circuit design, PCB layout
and materials, thermal solution, enclosure de-
sign, and manufacturing processes. Robust
test methodologies including highly accelerated
life testing (HALT) help to ensure that the
platform is optimized while still in the designphase and meets MIL-STD shock and vibration,
the ISO-7637 automotive EMC standard, and
other reliability requirements. The automotive
EMC environment is one of the most severe
and the most unpredictable. The key areas forconsideration are as follows: broadband radi-
ated emissions, narrowband radiated emissions,
conducted transient emissions, conducted tran-
sient immunity, radiated immunity, and ESD.
Conducted transient emissions and immunity
are well known as critical phenomena to power
in the automotive environment. Control of
conducted transients in a vehicle is not covered
by legislation in the same way as transients in-
ternal to systems in other environments. The
ISO-7637 standard covers tests for conducted
transients, as well as tests for transients induc-
tively and capacitively coupled into adjacent
wires from the vehicle battery. Both 12V and24V systems are covered by the standard. In
order to meet ISO-7637, a power design for
real automotive environment is required, not
just a wide range of power input. In a vehicle
computing platform, the power unit should
have reverse battery protection, surge and over-
voltage protection, and a DC/DC converter.
Furthermore, the automotive power design
must have the ability to run on a wide range
of vehicle power inputs, and ensure the plat-
form can operate during load dump or cold
crank situations. Use of a high efficiency buck-boost controller in the automotive power unit
is recommended to provide the platform with
the required voltage supplies to the vehicle
computing platform. Another factor to be
Rugged vehicle computing platforms
design considerationsBy Benson Chiu, ADLINK
Vehicle computing platformsare systems for mobile
applications in the harsh
environments of the trafficand transportation sectors.
The ideal platform should bespecifically designed to
meet these requirements andnot just be a ruggedized
office-based system.
Figure 1. Based on an Amproby Adlink ReadyBoard EPIC
form factor SBC, the airportshuttle bus information systemcan drive two displays: onedigital video output with HDvideo decoder for an in-vehicledigital signage application,and an analog output fordriver navigation and dispatchinformation.
8/8/2019 Vehicle Computing Platform
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25 February 2010
PCAN-miniPCI
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INDUSTRIAL COMPUTING
aware of is that in the near future, 42V systems
could replace current 12V and 24V automotive
systems. As more electronic devices are installed
in vehicles, 42V systems can provide more
than twice the power efficiency of 12V/24V
systems. This should be considered for future
vehicle computing platform development.
Conformal coating is a method of providing
protection against moisture, contaminants,
dust, abrasion, corrosion and short circuits,
and is especially effective for in-vehicle envi-
ronments. Conformal coatings also can protect
circuits and components from solvents, and
maintain the insulation resistance of the circuit
board. The selection of coating material is an
important consideration. Preferred coating
materials are fast drying and easy to repair,
have high moisture resistance and superior di-
electric properties, and contain a UV safetytracer for ease of inspection under a blacklight.
Conformal coating are generally applied in
thin layers (typically 1~3 mils) onto the PCB
assembly and in accordance with MIL-I-46058
and IPC-CC-830 standards. Temperatures in
automotive environments can change drasti-
cally, rising as much as 20C ~ 30C within 15
minutes with exposure to direct sunlight. Upper
extremes of 50C inside a car are not uncom-
mon. The ideal vehicle computing platform is
specifically designed to withstand high tem-perature and rapid temperature changes. It is
also critical for vehicle computing platforms
to undergo thorough temperature testing to
ensure reliable operation under these temper-
ature conditions. An example of the screening
profile from such a test is shown below.
An example of a typical vehicle computing
platform application is in an airport shuttle
bus information system for use by an interna-
tional airline running a city-to-airport transit
bus service. To implement this system, a rugged
vehicle computing platform with shock andvibration-resistant design, flexible expansion
interfaces for communications, low power con-
sumption, HD video decoder, and automotive
power design is required. Based on an Ampro
Figure 2. In a vehicle computing platform, the power unit should have reverse battery protection,surge and over-voltage protection, and a DC/DC converter.
Figure 3. Ampro by Adlink Extreme Rugged products screening profile
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by Adlink ReadyBoard EPIC form factor SBC,
the airport shuttle bus information system
can drive two displays: one digital video output
with HD video decoder for an in-vehicle digital
signage application, and an analog output for
driver navigation and dispatch information. A
flexible expansion interface, such as mini-PCIe
or PCI-104, supports a WiFi/WiMAX/3G
telecommunication module to receive real-time
information, such as flight arrival and departure
information, news, and advertising content for
the signage display. Other expansion options
include a digital I/O module, GPS, or video
grabber module. Automotive power design al-
lows reliable operation of the airport shuttle
bus information system and avoids damage
from conducted transient emissions in the au-
tomotive environment. The security of public
transportation systems has become an increas-
ing concern in recent years. City buses, railways,
subways and other transit systems are imple-
menting intelligent platforms to monitor publicareas and ensure riders safety. Stationary CCTV
systems can handle the requirements at stations,
but rail carriages are still blind spots. A rugged
vehicle computing platform plus intelligent IP
cameras is required to extend the range of the
security system to the entire transit system. A
mass transit rail carriage needs a rugged system
to fit into limited space that is able to withstand
the dust, shock, and vibration encountered in
the operating environment.
Such a platform could be based on an Ampro
by Adlink RuffSystem, which meets MIL-STD-
810 shock and vibration standards and hasIP50 rating. Dual Gigabit Ethernet ports can
interface with IP cameras and operate with in-
telligent surveillance software combined with
built-in GPIO or digital I/O functionality to
automatically detect potential threats, or objects
on the tracks to aid emergency management
and response. This intelligent system could
also be used to increase operational efficiency
and performance. n
INDUSTRIAL COMPUTING
Figure 4. A system for a mass transit rail carriage could be based on an Ampro by Adlink
RuffSystem, which meets MIL-STD-810 shock and vibration standards and has IP50 rating.
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