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Institute of Silviculture I Michael Maroschek 1
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Forest and Soil Sciences
Value-based trade-offs between ecosystem
services from European mountain forests
Mountain Forest Management in a Changing World
7-9 July 2015 – High Tatra Mountains
Alexandra Langner, Florian Irauschek, Susana Perez,
Marta Pardos, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Manfred J. Lexer
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 2 2
Contents
Introduction – ES framework
– ES multi-functionality
Methods – Forest simulation modeling & MCDA
Results – Ranking of management alternatives
– Trade-offs
Conclusions
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 3 3
Ecosystem services & trade-offs
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 4 4
Aim of the study
To explore how preferable alternative forest management systems are for ecosystem service provisioning
– in three European mountain forest regions
– depending on different ecosystem service preferences
To identify value based trade-offs between these ecosystem services
management preferences climate
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 5 5
Case Study Areas
Valsain de Montes, Spain
Iberian Central Mountains
Montafon, Austria
Eastern Alps
Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria
Western Rhodopes
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 6 6
Ecosystem service indicators
Timber production (TP) Total volume harvested [m3/ha]
Volume increment [m3/ha]
Stocking volume [m3/ha]
Carbon sequestration (CS) [t/ha]
Biodiversity and nature conservation (BDNC) Tree species diversity [Index]
Tree size diversity [Index]
Standing dead wood volume [m3/ha]
Bird habitat quality [Index]
Protection against gravitational hazards (PGH) Rockfall protection index [Index]
Avalanche protection index [Index]
Landslide protection index [Index]
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 7 7
Model-simulations of ES indicators
Baseline climate (c0 ) and
five climate change scenarios (c1 to c5)
Management alternatives MCDA and trade-offs
ES indicators Forest models
Time period 2000 – 2100 divided into three periods
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 8 8
MCDA – additive weighting
Overall utility = a1 x TP + b1 x CS + c1 x BDNC + d1 x PGH
TP = a1 x TVH + a2 x VI + a3 x V
CS = C_total
BDNC = a1 x D + a2 x H + a3 x SDWV + a4 x BHQ
PGH = a1 x RPI + a2 x LPI + a3 x API
TVH, VI, V
C_total preference
D, H, SDWV, BHQ functions
RPI, LPI, API
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 9 9
Generic preference functions
Case study specific
Preference scale [0-1]
Linear functions
(with the exception of stocking volume)
Thresholds based on scientific literature,
inherent minima and maxima of the data
set or expert knowledge
Regional maxima
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 10 10
Weighting of ecosystem services
Increasing importance
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
0,4 x TP + 0,2 x CS + 0,2 x BDNC + 0,2 x PGH
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 11 11
Quantification of trade-offs
Trade-off calculation: root mean square deviation
A
B
C
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 12 12
Results - ranking of mgmt alternatives…
Kendall‘s Tau Rank Correlation Coefficient c0-c5:
– Spain: 0,6 - 1,0
– Austria: 0,78 – 1,0
– Bulgaria: 1
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 13 13
…considering multi-functionality
Kendall‘s Tau Rank Correlation Coefficient c0-c5:
– Spain: 0,4 - 1,0
– Austria: 0,81 – 1,0
– Bulgaria: 1
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 14 14
Results - trade-offs
no management
Institute of Silviculture I Alexandra Langner 15 15
Trade-offs considering multi-functionality
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Conclusions
CS, BDNC and PGH are balanced contrary to TP
Minor effect of climate change on the management ranking order
and trade-offs
Trade-offs are high only for no management and TP-related ES pairs
ES indicators are no sustainability indicators
Institute of Silviculture I Michael Maroschek 17
University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Vienna
Department of Forest and Soil Sciences
Contact:
Alexandra Langner
Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences
Universitäty of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Wien
Tel.: +01 - 47654 4079
alexandra.langner@boku.ac.at
www.wabo.boku.ac.at/waldbau.html
Thank you!
This study has been supported by the EU through the Marie Curie Initial Training Networks (ITN)
action CASTLE, grant agreement no. 316020
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