View
3
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
VALORISATION OF CHICKEN FEATHERS:
Tamrat Tesfaye
Supervisors :- Prof. Bruce Sithole
14 February 2017
Chicken Processing
Why Chicken Feathers?
20-22% Other wastes (blood, head, feet, viscerae, bones)
8-10 % feathers
68 -72 % meat
Human beings do not consume chicken feathers (…at least not on purpose!)
45
gto
2.5
-3.0
kgaf
ter
42
to4
5d
ays
-Th
eyar
esl
augh
tere
d(A
pp
leb
y,1
99
2).
World poultry production
• Broiler chickens: 58 billion chickens
• 46.6 billion lbs chicken meat in USA
• 20 billion pounds feathers
North West
25%
Western Cape
22%Mpumalanga
18%
KwaZulu-
Natal
16%
Eastern Cape
7%
Gauteng
5%Free State
5%
Limpopo
1%
Northern Cape
1%
Distribution of slaughtering-SA
0
500
1000
1500
20052007200920112013
Bro
ilers
sla
ugh
tere
d
(Mill
ion
s)
Year
Broilers slaughtered in
SA
528 million pound chicken feathers/annum
275 broiler producers and 231contract growers, (SAPA, 2013).
UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Present Scenario
• What to do with the more than 20 billion pounds of poultry feather waste generated each year?
Utilization and disposal
techniques/ present scenario
Burial and controlled land
filling
Incineration Medical
applicationsDecorative purpose
Shuttle cocks
Current Research
Disinfection
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Valorisation routes
STRUCTURE OF FEATHERS
Morphological structure
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Structure of Chicken feathers
• Low density - No natural or synthetic fibres can compete• Excellent compressibility, sound dampening, and warmth retention
Composition of chicken feathers:• 91% protein (keratin) 1% lipids, and 8% water.
• Disulphide bonds, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, salt linkages and cross linkages (Schmidt,2001).
Feather fibers, yarn and fabricsBlending with other fibers
Biodegradable plastics
UTILIZATION OF FEATHERS:- Future prospects
BiomedicalEngineering
Packing materialThe feathers used to producebioresin plastic
Water purification• Sponges
Fuel Storage
• strong, lightweight, hollow tubes.
• more porous after heating
• Increased surface area
Biofuels and biodiesel
Paper industry and Filtration
Geotextiles • Stiff and rigid:• restricts soil erosion• Increases soil moisture content
Pharmaceuticals Fats: cholesterol source synthesis of vitamin D3Steroid pharmaceuticals
CosmeticsFor skin:- increases skin elasticityand hydration.For hair:- moisturising properties
Construction industry
Conclusions
• Low cost, large availability and unique properties
• Increase national security by decreasing reliance on foreign oil resources.
• Minimize environmental pollution
• Enhance economic benefits for the poultry producers, processors, andstimulate development of feather product industries.
Recommended