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Warm-up 5/20: Why are the white blood cells called T-cell & B-cells? Which cells are involved in the cell mediated specific immune response? Which cells are involved in the humoral specific immune response?. Vaccines, Allergies and HIV/AIDS. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Warm-up 5/20: •Why are the white blood cells called T-cell & B-cells?•Which cells are involved in the cell mediated specific immune response?•Which cells are involved in the humoral specific immune response?
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primary: 1st time body encounters pathogens secondary: 2nd time body encounters
pathogen with memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)
p 966
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Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system)
When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.
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Immunity: ability to resist an infectious disease
Vaccination: introduction of antigens into body to cause immunity
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Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened pathogens that contains pathogens Antigens in vaccine produce a primary
immune response Memory cells are created & provide quick
secondary immune response if antigen enters body again.
Some Diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and small pox
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Allergies & Autoimmune diseases are the result of an immune system attacking something harmless.
Allergy – immune response to an antigen that is not a pathogen Include physical responses (itching, swelling,
sneezing, & death if severe) Asthma – respiratory disorder triggered by
antigens, swelling of the respiratory pathways Autoimmune Disease – the immune system
attacks one’s own healthy cells
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pp. 970-972
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HIV: human immunodeficiency virus: Virus
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): Disease weakened immune system caused by the infection of HIV
HIV ≠ AIDS8
caused by a retrovirus 1. has enzymes to transcribe its RNA to DNA 2. new DNA inserted
into host cell’s DNA 3. host cell now makes
proteins to assemble more HIV viruses
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Infects helper T-cells and macrophages (CD4 protein receptor cells)
Why is this so bad?
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Transmission: through fluid containing the virus or cells with the virus (blood, sexually, breast-feeding)
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AIDSp.972
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Course of the disease: AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Phase I: (asymptomatic) few or no symptoms
Phase II: worsening of symptoms Phase III: T-cell count goes below
200 cells/mL (normal 600-700)
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Opportunistic infections: diseases that only strike because of a weakened immune system
EX. Kaposi’s sarcoma, candidiasis, taxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia 14
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Treatments and vaccines A. mutates and evolves very quickly
which makes it difficult to make a
vaccine B. treatment consists of “cocktails”
with some patients taking up to 50
pills a day (very expensive!)
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Due Wednesday Non-Specific Immune Response Poster
Due Thursday: Pathway of immune response. Colored cut out and reordered in notebook.
Study Guide Due ThursdayExam Friday
Intervention Wednesday & Thursday After School
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Initial Response
Cell Mediated Humoral
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