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Using Volatility Productsto Control Risk
Dean CurnuttMacro Risk Advisors
March 9th, 2009
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The VIX
• One month implied volatility metric based on SPX options of many strikes
• Captures the volatility “surface”
• The VIX is driven by
•Single Stock implied volatility levels - “Micro”
•Implied Correlation – “Macro”
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The S&P 500 Volatility Index: VIX
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Jan-07 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
VIX Index
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SPX Realized Volatility
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Rolling 3 Month SPX Realized Volatility
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Apr-98 Apr-00 Apr-02 Apr-04 Apr-06 Apr-08
Source: MRA; Bloomberg Data
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SPX Implied Volatility Termstructure
SPX Implied Volatility Termstructure
30
35
40
45
50
55
1 Mo 2 Mo 3 Mo 6 Mo 12 Mo 18 Mo 24 Mo
2/27/20091/6/200912/8/2008
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
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What Causes Equity Volatility
Index Implied Volatility
“Reactive”
Realized Volatility
Single Stock RVol
•Business Risk
•Balance Sheet Risk
•Market Risk
Realized Correlation
•The Fed
•Economic Cycle
•Crude, USD
“Forward Looking”
Implied Volatility
Single Stock IVol
•Upcoming Earnings
•New Product
•Litigation / Patent
Implied Correlation
•Election
•Military Action
•Geopolitics
Macro Supply and Demand for Volatility
Source: MRA
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Measures of Volatility Move Together
Source: Bloomberg Data, MRA
VIX IBOX MOVE SPX JPY/AUD B/E INF TBILL FTSE VOL SX5E VOL CALL/PUTVIX 100.0% 63.1% 27.3% -84.9% 68.3% -26.8% -44.9% 46.8% 55.1% -6.0%
IBOX 100.0% 34.6% -70.2% 54.1% -24.1% -50.3% 38.5% 46.1% -2.3%MOVE 100.0% -25.8% 33.5% -13.0% -21.9% 23.8% 29.5% -7.6%
SPX 100.0% -69.6% 20.6% 52.6% -29.2% -36.3% 5.8%JPY/AUD 100.0% -26.2% -42.2% 31.1% 45.5% -0.7%
B/E INF 100.0% 18.6% -14.7% -30.8% -4.0%TBILL 100.0% -25.5% -22.9% 9.1%
FTSE VOL 100.0% 78.1% -6.9%SX5E VOL 100.0% -7.2%CALL/PUT 100.0%
• The following correlation matrix capture the co-variation in popular measures of risk and liquidity.
• The VIX is highly correlated to measures of risk and negatively correlated to measures that capture liquidity.
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VIX Risk Premium
VIX Risk Premium (3 Month Average)
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Oct-03 Jul-04 Mar-05 Dec-05 Aug-06 May-07
Rolling 3 Mo Avg: VIX - One MonthSubsequently Realized SPX Volatility
Average Premium for Period
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
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Daily Changes in the S&P 500
Absolute Value of Daily SPX % Change: Sep-Oct 2007
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%Source: MRA; Bloomberg Data
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Daily Changes II
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%Absolute Value of Daily SPX % Change: Sep-Oct 2008
Source: MRA; Bloomberg Data
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% Moves in the S&P
SPX Percentage of One-Day % Changes
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
>1% >1.5% >2%
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
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VIX Risk Premium
VIX Risk Premium (3 Month Average)
-20.0
-16.0
-12.0
-8.0
-4.0
0.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
16.0
20.0
Jun-07 Aug-07 Nov-07 Feb-08 May-08 Aug-08 Nov-08
Rolling 3 Mo Avg: VIX - One MonthSubsequently REalized Volatility
Average Premium for Period
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
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Selling Volatility…Once Profitable
Aggregate P/L of Selling One Month SPX Variance
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
Jan-07 May-07 Sep-07 Jan-08 Jun-08 Oct-08
Aggregate P/L ($mln) of selling 10kvega of one month SPX varianceeach day struck at the closing VIXlevel
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
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Index Option Volume and the VIX Moves Together
Option Trading Goes Macro
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
28%
Jan-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jul-08 Sep-08 Nov-08 Jan-090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
SPX Option % Total Option Volume
VIX Index (right scale)
SPX Volume = SPX Options + SPY Options; 10-Day Moving Averages
Source: MRA; Bloomberg Data
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JPY / AUD
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Carry Trade Unwind
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Dec-08 Jan-09
JPY / AUD
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
11/20/08
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CDX IG 5 Year
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CDX IG 5 Year
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Jan-08 Feb-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 Jan-09
IBOXUMAE Index
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
11/20/08
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1 Month LIBOR / OIS Spread (bps)
1 Month LIBOR vs. OIS
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
3.00%
3.50%
4.00%
4.50%
5.00%
Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 May-08 Jun-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Dec-08 Jan-09
1 Month LIBOR
USD SWAP OIS 1 Month
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
10/10/08: Spread = 338bps, VIX = 70
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CMBS Spread
Super Senior CMBS Spreads
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Nov-04 May-05 Nov-05 May-06 Nov-06 May-07 Nov-07 May-08 Nov-08
Morgan Stanley US Fixed RateCMBS Super Senior AAA AvgLife 10 Year Spread
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
11/21/08
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The VIX & Credit Default Swap Spreads
Scatter Plot: VIX vs. Generic 5 year IG
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Actual Observation (since 2007)
Trend Line
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
2/27/09
11/20/08
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VIX & S&P Earnings
S&P 500 Quarterly EPS vs. VIX
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Mar-90 Mar-93 Mar-96 Mar-99 Mar-02 Mar-05 Mar-080
10
20
30
40
50
60
S&P500 QoQ% Earnings Per Share
VIX
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
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The Consumer and the Economy
Consumption
GDP
Profits
Equity Prices
Income
Equity Vol
Wealth
Sentiment
Housing Stocks
“Micro”
“Macro”
Source: MRA, Bloomberg Data
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Consumer Obligation Ratio
Consumer Financial Obligation Ratio
14%
15%
16%
17%
18%
19%
20%
80q1 83q1 86q1 89q1 92q1 95q1 98q1 01q1 04q1 07q1
The household debt service ratio (DSR) is an estimate of the ratio of debt payments to disposable personal income. Debt payments consist of the estimated required payments on outstanding mortgage and consumer debt. The financial
obligations ratio (FOR) adds automobile lease payments, rental payments on tenant-occupied property, homeowners' insurance, and property tax payments to
the debt service ratio. Source: MRA, Federal Reserve
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Household Balance Sheets Under Stress
Change in US Households Net Worth (Trillions)
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Mar-04 Sep-04 Mar-05 Sep-05 Mar-06 Sep-06 Mar-07 Sep-07 Mar-08 Sep-08
Federal Reserve US Households & NonprofitOrganizations Net Worth Change
Source: Bloomberg, MRA
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Tighter Lending Standards…
Fed Senior Loan Officer Survey
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1990:3 1993:3 1996:3 1999:3 2002:3 2005:3 2008:3
Mortgages
Credit Cards
% of Respondents Reporting Tighter
Lending Standards
Source: MRA, Federal Reserve
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The Real Estate Downturn
Case Shiller Composite Index year over Year % Change
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08
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2009 Low Print in VIX
0
10
20
30
40
50
What Will the Low Print inthe VIX be in 2009?
Source: MRA Survey
Each circle represents an individual survey response
A New Meaning of Low for the VIX…
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2009 High Print in VIX
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
What Will the High Print inthe VIX be in 2009?
Source: MRA Survey
Each circle represents an individual survey response
And a Wide Range for 2009…
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SPX Realized Volatility Forecasts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2 Month 6 Month 12 Month
MaximumMinimumMean
Source: MRA Survey
Termstructure of Forecasts
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Conclusions
• Equity volatility likely reached its highest point in Oct / Nov when the VIX closed above 80
• The government has thrown the “kitchen sink” at the market with various liquidity backstops
• However, we expect volatility to persist at well above historically normal levels for some time
• 3 Factors continue to drive equity volatility
•Government intervention (picking winners and losers)
•Deleveraging (fear of and actual impact of)
•Unfolding economic contraction and resulting difficult corporate profit environment
• Risk has become highly macro (credit, FX, equity, commodity, rates) and equity volatility products have been instrumental in helping control overall portfolio risk.
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