Using HYSPLIT to Understand Source-Receptor Relationships: Some Examples HYSPLIT Training NOAA Air...

Using HYSPLIT to Understand Source-Receptor Relationships:

Some Examples

HYSPLIT TrainingNOAA Air Resources Laboratory

Jun 2-4, 2009Silver Spring, MD, USA

Mark CohenNOAA Air Resources Laboratory

1315 East West Highway, R/ARL, Room 3316

Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USAmark.cohen@noaa.gov

http://www.arl.noaa.gov/Mercury_modeling.php

We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships.

A few examples will be shown in this presentation:

1. Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes”

2. Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements

We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships.

A few examples will be shown in this presentation:

1. Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes”

2. Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements

Atmospheric mercury episode at the Beltsville Maryland measurement site on January 7, 2007

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January 7, 2007

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Winston Luke, NOAA ARLBeltsville MD mercury site is

a collaboration between USEPA, NOAA, others

Back trajectories simulated with the NOAA HYSPLIT model using meteorological on a 12 km grid

Trajectories started from the Beltsville site (marked with a star on the map) at 5 different heights representing different positions in the mixed layer (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9)

Note that the times are represented in UTC (Universal Time Coordinate) which is 5 hours later than Eastern Standard Time, e.g., 17 UTC = 12:00 Eastern Standard Time

Large mercury emissions sources are indicated on the map, including:

Dick = Dickerson facilities (coal-fired power plant and municipal waste incinerator)

Harf = Harford County municipal waste incinerator PhRe = Phoenix Services medical waste and

Baltimore Resco municipal waste incinerators BS_W = Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner coal fired

power plants CkPt = Chalk Point coal fired power plant Mrgt = Morgantown coal fired power plant PsPt = Possum Point coal fired power plant Ptmc = Potamac River coal fired power plant Arlg = Arlington/Pentagon waste incinerator Brun = Brunner Island coal fired power plant

100 km

100 km

display HYSPLIT-generated trajectory shapefiles in GIS program (ArcView) along with emissions

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We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships.

A few examples will be shown in this presentation:

1. Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes”

2. Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements

Piney Measurement SitePiney Measurement Site and Surrounding Region

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement SitePiney Measurement Site and Surrounding Regionwith estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury

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ng m

-3)

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ticul

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cury

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Rea

ctiv

e G

eseo

us M

ercu

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From Mark Castro, Univ. of Maryland, Frostburg

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

EDAS 40km meteorologicaldata grid used for back-trajectory analysis

Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Regionwith estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury and

EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

EDAS 40km meteorologicaldata grid used for back-trajectory analysis

Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Regionwith estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury and

EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis

The mercury monitor is about 5 meters above the ground and the actual elevation

of site is 769 m above sea level

The mercury monitor is about 5 meters above the ground and the actual elevation

of site is 769 m above sea level

But the EDAS 40km meteorological data “Terrain Height” for this location is about 600 m

But the EDAS 40km meteorological data “Terrain Height” for this location is about 600 m

What starting height should be used for back-trajectories?

What starting height should be used for back-trajectories?

In this study we used a starting height of ½ of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)

as represented in the meteorological data set

In this study we used a starting height of ½ of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL)

as represented in the meteorological data set

Top Daytime RGM

• Up to 6 clusters, we see an improvement,

• With more than 6 clusters, little improvement

• So, 6 clusters may be optimal

Cluster means – Top Daytime RGM (regional view)

20%

28%

5%

15%9%23%

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics

0.5 degree lat/long grid

Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height

Decided to try a different approach --

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesEntire year, Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

0 - 1

1- 5

5 - 10

10 - 25

25 - 100

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.5 degree lat/long grid

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

0 - 1

1- 5

5 - 10

10 - 25

25 - 100

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

RGM Top 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.5 degree lat/long grid

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

0 - 1

1- 5

5 - 10

10 - 25

25 - 100

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

RGM Bottom 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.5 degree lat/long grid

Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics

0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height

Same analysis, but now with 0.1 degree grid…

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesEntire year, Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

0 - 1

1- 3

3 - 6

6 – 10

10 - 100

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

Cluster means – Top Daytime RGM (regional view)

20%

28%

5%

15%9%23%

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesRGM Top 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

0 - 1

1- 3

3 - 6

6 – 10

10 - 100

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesRGM Bottom 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

0 - 1

1- 3

3 - 6

6 – 10

10 - 100

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics showing the difference in grid frequencies between the trajectories corresponding

to a given set of measurements and those for the entire year

0.5 degree lat/long regional grid

Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height

Back to 0.5 degree grid, but now look at differences…

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciestop 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Difference between two cases in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

-13 to -4

-4 to -1

-1 to 1

1 to 4

4 to 7

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.5 degree lat/long regional grid

7 to 22The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year

The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesbottom 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Difference between two cases in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

-13 to -4

-4 to -1

-1 to 1

1 to 4

4 to 7

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.5 degree lat/long regional grid

7 to 22The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year

The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year

Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics showing the difference in grid frequencies between the trajectories corresponding

to a given set of measurements and those for the entire year

0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

Starting height for all trajectories in this group= ½ planetary boundary layer height

Finally, differences with 0.1 degree grid…

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciestop 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year

with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Difference between selected case and total year in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

< -2.5

-2.5 to -2

-2 to -1.5

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

-1.5 to -1

-1 to -0.5

-0.5 to 0

> 2.5

2 – 2.5

1.5 - 2

1 to 1.5

0.5 - 1

0 to 0.5

The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year

The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year

Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequenciesbottom 10% of daytime RGM vs. total yearwith estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury

0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

color of symbol denotes type of mercury source

coal-fired power plants

other fuel combustion

waste incineration

metallurgical

manufacturing & other

size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr)

10 - 50

50 - 100100 – 300

300 - 500

5 - 10

500 - 1000

1000 - 3500

Difference between selected case and total year in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square

< -2.5

-2.5 to -2

-2 to -1.5

Air Emissions

Piney Measurement Site

-1.5 to -1

-1 to -0.5

-0.5 to 0

> 2.5

2 – 2.5

1.5 - 2

1 to 1.5

0.5 - 1

0 to 0.5

The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year

The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year

Thanks!