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Using CWR and pre-breeding potato
Paulina Smyda-Dajmund, Jadwiga Śliwka, Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska
Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – NationalResearch Institute (IHAR-PIB), Młochów Research Center,
Poland
Potato parental line breeding in Poland
• Diploid level
• Tetraploid level –parents of 72 Polishvarieties
IHAR-PIB Młochów ResearchCenter 2
The scheme of diploid potato breeding at IHAR-PIB
3Zimnoch-Guzowska and Flis 2021 Potato Research
4
Main and supporting programmes of diploid breeding at IHAR-PIB
Zimnoch-Guzowska and Flis 2021 Potato Research
TraitChromosome, location of the R gene or QTL
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Resistance to viruses NsNy-Smira
Ny-1Gm
PLRV1Ny-2Rm
PLRV4
Ryf-sto
Resistance toS. endobioticum
Sen2
Resistance to pectinolytic bacteria 2000 (QTL)
Resistance to pectinolytic bacteria 2021 (QTL)
Resistance toP. infestans (QTL)
Resistance to P. infestans R2-like Rpi-mch1 Rpi-phu1 Rpi-rzc1 Rpi-Smira1
Potato resistance genes and QTL mapped atIHAR-PIB
Marczewski et al. 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006; Flis et al. 2005; Szajko et al. 2019; Plich et al. 2018; Zimnoch-Guzowska et al. 2000; Lebecka et al. 2021; Śliwka et al. 2007, 2006, 2012a, 2012b
5
TraitChromosome, location of the major genes or QTL
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Flower colour F
Maturity
Tuber morphology and dormancy
Tuber morphology
Tuber blackspot bruiseand enzymaticdiscoloration
Crisp colour
Starch-corrected crispcolour
Leaf sucrose content
Tuber starch content
Tuber greening
QTL for other traits mapped at IHAR-PIB
Śliwka et al. 2008, 2012, 2016; Sołtys-Kalina et al. 2020; Hara-Skrzypiec et al. 2018; Plich et al. 2020 6
Resistance to P. infestans
7
Genes for late blight resistance on potato genetic map
Śliwka and Zimnoch-Guzowska 2013 updated
Rpi-mcq1
Rpi-edn2 R9
Rpi-dlc1
R8/Rpi-Smira2
I
VIIIVII
VIVIVIIIII
XIIXIXIX
R1
R3a R3b R5
R6 R7 R10
R11 Rpi-sto2
Rpi-pcs1
Rpi-Smira1
Rpi-vnt1.1
Rpi-vnt1.2
Rpi-vnt1.3
Rpi-nrs1
Rpi-phu1
R2, R2-like
R2-likeBzura
Rpi-blb3
Rpi-abpt
Rpi-bst1
Rpi-mcd1
Rpi-amr3i
Rpi-blb2
Rber,
Rpi-ber1
Rpi-ber2
Rpi-blb1/RB
Rpi-sto1
Rpi-pta1
Rpi-plt1
Rpi-ver1-8
Rpi1
Rpi-rzc1
Rpi-mch1
Rpi-avl1
Rpi-cap1
Rpi-qum1
Rpi-edn3
Rpi-pur1
Rpi-vnt2
8
Virulence of P. infestans isolates from Poland (2017)
9
• 1970 S. stenotomum x S. phureja comes from CIP, Lima, Peru
crosses with S. tuberosum 2x
• 1992 first resistant tetraploid (unreduced gametes)
• 2006 mapping the gene (Śliwka et al. 2006, TAG)
• 2009 sequencing, virulent isolate P. infestans EC1; MP1162; = Rpi-vnt1.1
(Foster et al. 2009, MPMI)
• 2010 MAS (Śliwka et al. 2010, JAG)
• 2012 pyramiding with Sárpo Mira
• 2014 GMO field tests in The Sainsbury Laboratory [Jones et al.]
• 2018 Cultivar Gardena by Zamarte Potato Breeding Ltd Group IHAR
Rpi-phu1
10Solanum phureja Solanum stenotomumhttp://www.cgn.wageningen-ur.nl/pgr/collections/crops/potato/species.htm
• Originates from:Bolivia, Peru
• Syn. S. sparsipilum, re-identified as • S. brevicaule
• Selected clones:- resistant to P. infestans
– low tendency to enzymatic blackeningand after-cooking darkening
Solanum ruiz-ceballosii Cárd. 2x (2EBN) VIR8664 (VIR7370)
Ochoa 199011
rzc flower colourdH Balbina x 99-10/36 rzc
Śliwka et al. 2012 BMC Genet 13:1112
Two linkage maps:
Brylińska et al. 2015
Flower colour locus F
13Śliwka et al. 2012
Chromosom X
• Originates from:Mexico, state: Michoácan,
• Natural hybrid:S. bulbocastanum x S. pinnatisectum
(Hawkes 1990)
• Selected clones:
- resistant to P. infestans (whole leaf test)- suitable for cold chipping
Solanum × michoacanum (Bitter.) Rydb. 2x (1EBN) VIR5763
14Resistant genotypes with mean scores ≥ 6
Tuber sizes
Tetraploid Diploid S. × michoacanum
15
Transfer of resistance to cultivated potato
S. × michoacanum
somatichybridization with
S. tuberosum
mappingR genecloning
MAS backcrossing
cisgenesispotato cultivar
intraspecificcross
16
Smyda et al. 2012
Smyda-Dajmund et al. 2017
Śliwka et al. 2012 TAG
Rpi-mch1 gene was mapped to the chromosome VII of the potato genome
17
dHBardcv. Rywal
DG 81-68
99-12/899-12/39
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.9 8.9 9.0
Resistant genotypes with mean scores ≥ 6
autofused 4x mch
somatic hybrids
Out of 97 S. × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum somatichybrids 2 were resistant to P. infestans
18
Nu
mb
er
of
fusi
on
pro
du
cts
Classes of resistance(Smyda-Dajmund et al. 2016)
Composition of 12 chromosomes of somatic hybrids
0
50
100
150
200
250
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
99-12/39 (+) DG 81-68
mch del
tbr
mch
tbr del
19
No.
of
mark
ers
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
MS
43
MS
31
MS
8
MS
15
MS
10
MS
16
MS
35
MS
38
MS
32
MS
28
MS
42
MS
18
MS
37
MS
23
MS
30
MS
20
MS
24
MS
25
MS
45
MS
21
No.
of
mark
ers
Nuclear genome composition of somatic hybrids
Nuclear composition of S. × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosumsomatic hybrids based on DArT markers
Smyda-Dajmund et. al. 2016
Epigenetic analysis
20
• MSAP and HPLC methods indicated an increase in DNA methylation in the somatic hybrids in comparison to theirparents
• The somatic hybridization changed the level of cytosinemethylation in the studied potato somatic hybrids
Smyda-Dajmund et al. 2021 Agronomy 11,845
BC1 progeny from S. × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids and cv. Flaming
21Smyda-Dajmund et al. 2017
IHAR-PIB, Młochów Research CenterDepartment of Potato Genetics and Parental
LinesLaboratory of Potato Pathogens
Jadwiga Śliwka
Marta Janiszewska (Brylińska)
Zhimin Yin
Sylwester Sobkowiak
Paulina Chmiel
Mirella Ludwiczewska
Laboratory of Parental Lines and Breeding Methods
Bogdan Flis
Jarosław Plich
Beata Tatarowska
Dorota Milczarek
Laboratory of Phytopathology
Renata Lebecka
Anna Grupa-Urbańska
Krystyna Michalak
Laboratory of Biotechnology
Waldemar Marczewski
Dorota Sołtys-Kalina
Katarzyna Szajko
Paulina Smyda-Dajmund
Iwona Wasilewicz-Flis
22
Thank you for your attention
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