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US Drill Unit I
Chapter 1
The first empire to emerge in the Americas was
the Olmec
believed to be the first civilization to have a ball game.
The Olmec
The Second major civilization to emerge in the Americas was the
Mayan
Around 1200 AD the third major civilization arose in the
Americas, it is known as?
The Aztecs
In 1521 this person conquered the Aztecs?
Cortes
In the 1560’s this person conquered the Incas?
Pizzaro
These people lived on the mesa tops, cliff slides, and canyon bottoms of the Four Corners
region (Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico)?
Anasazi
They made mounds in the shapes of animals that can easily be
spotted by Airplanes.
Adena, the Hopewell, and the Mississippian
This Native American group had totem poles and potlatches?
Kwakiutl
a ceremony in which families give away large quantities of their
possessions.
potlatches
underground ceremonial chambers for religious
ceremonies and councils
kivas
Native Americans thought of land as the source of life and did not believe that is something that
could be
Bought or sold
In the 1400’s these Europeans began trading for West African
Slaves?
Portuguese
In the 1400’s, this empire controlled the Saharan trade?
Songhai
This king ruled from 1464 to 1492, and made Songhai the largest West
African empire in history?
Sunni Ali
Popular trading city for the Saharan trade, regained its
significance as an educational center for Islamic scholars in
Africa.
Timbuktu
Benin gained its dominance over the forested area under the leadership of _____ (king)
Ewuare.
Oba
Type of ship designed to sail against the wind?
Caravel
This man sponsored an up to date sailing school and some of the
earliest voyages.
Prince Henry
King and queen of Spain who funded the expedition for Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand and Isabella
The names of the three ships used by Columbus on his journey?
Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and found a people
called the Taino on an island he named ____________
San Salvador
the establishment of distant settlements controlled by the parent
country
Colonization
What were the three G’s?
Gold, Glory, and God
In this exchange ships took plants and animals from the Americas
back to Europe and to Africa and brought items form the Eastern
Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere.
Columbian Exchange
In this treaty, Lands to the West of an imaginary vertical line drawn in the Atlantic, including most of the
Americas, belonged to Spain.Lands to the East of the line,
including Brazil, went to Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This famous explorer died disappointed that he never
reached China.
Columbus
Chapter 2
This type of company allowed investors to pool their wealth to
fund a colony?
Joint-stock company
What was the name of the 1st permanent English colony?
Jamestown
What was the name of the group of Native American peoples that lived in eastern Virginia at the time of the
first English settlements?
Powhatan
The English colonists discovered that they could sell this crop in
Europe for a great profit?
Tobacco
What was the name of the system, in which each new
person who came to the colony received 50 acres of land and
another 50 acres for each family member who came.
Headright system
What were the people called who came to North America with the agreement that they would work on a farm for several years, and
after that time they would be granted freedom?
Indentured Servant
The turmoil in Virginia angered the English government. The
king took over the colony from the Virginia Company. Virginia
became a colony under the control of the king, what is the term for this type of colony?
A royal colony
What type of people controlled life in the Virginia colony?
Wealthy landowners
Who was the person who led a group of aggravated marchers into Jamestown, they were there to protest the lack of
aid they were receiving in the western areas of Virginia against the Native Americans? The Protest ended up
turning violent.
Nathaniel Bacon
What was the name of the Separatist Puritan group who arrived in North America and
founded the Plymouth Colony in 1620?
Pilgrims
The first “constitution” in North America, it was signed by 41 Pilgrim men who came to Plymouth on the
Mayflower in 1620. It established the rule of law and the separation of
church and state. What was it called?
Mayflower Compact
What religious group of people founded the Massachusetts Bay
colony?
The Puritans
What would the Massachusetts Bay Colony come to be known
by?
New England
Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (New
England)?
John Winthorp
Who was the preacher that Puritan leaders banished for his beliefs that
government officials should not punish those with different religious views and that settlers should buy,
not take, land from the Native Americans? He would later form a
colony in what is now Rhode Island.
Roger Williams
What woman was banished for her beliefs that people did not need church leaders to interpret the bible, and that people could gain enlightenment on their own through the holy spirit?
Anne Hutchinson
What was the name of the 1st major conflict between the New England
colonists and Native Americans that arose in Connecticut in 1637?
Pequot War
Who was the Wampanoag chief (nicknamed King Phillip) that led a war against the English which would cost the colonists 1/10th of their fighting
age men? He was eventually killed by the Puritans and his head was put on
display for 20 years in Plymouth.
Metacom
What colony was founded by the Dutch in 1621?
New Netherland
What was the capital of the Dutch colony?
New Amsterdam
Chapter 3
An economic system where a host country establishes colonies to
exploit the resources of the colony. The goal for the country was to become self sufficient and have
more gold and silver than any other country.
mercantilism
A series of laws passed by the English that restricted trade for
the colonists
Navigation ActsNavigation Acts
The land from Maine to New England
Dominion of New England?
The man appointed by King James II to govern over the Dominion of
New England.He severely punished smugglers and refused to allow the colonists
to form assemblies
Sir Edmond Andros
The English kicked out King James II
The invited William and Mary to take over
They established laws over the monarchy
the Glorious Revolution
Parliament did not supervise the colonies closely as long as raw
materials continued flowing
Salutary Neglect
A crop grown for sale rather than the farmers personal use
Cash Crop
Who controlled the South’s economic, political, and social
institutions?
Plantation owners
What is this process called?• In this process merchants carried rum and other
goods from New England to Africa. In Africa merchants traded merchandise for enslaved people. They transported these people to the West Indies and sold them for Sugar and molasses. These goods were then shipped to New England to be distilled into rum.
Triangular Trade
Voyage that brought Africans to the West Indies and later North
America
Middle Passage
This dance paid tribute to the ancestors and gods of the slaves?
The Ring Shout
Why was slavery not as predominant in the north as it
was in the south?
Because the North depended more on commerce than it did on
agriculture.
Famous 1692 trials which focused on a witchcraft
conspiracy?
Salem Witch Trials
An Eighteenth century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of
reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledge
The Enlightenment
This man was a religious leader during the Great Awakening of
the 1730’s and 1740’s?
Jonathan Edwards
A revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the
1730’s and 1740’s?
The Great Awakening
In 1608, Samuel Champlain founded the first permanent
settlement for the French called this?
Name of the French Fort where modern day Pittsburgh is now
located?
Fort DuquesneQuickTime™ and a
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22 year old George Washington and his militia built this fort across from Fort Duquesne?
Fort Necessity
This person led Virginia troops in first battle of the French and Indian
War?
George Washington
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Who did the Iroquois fight with during the French Indian war the
French or the British?
The British
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War that gave the British control of North America?
French and Indian War
Treaty that ended the French Indian War?
Treaty of Paris
Who received Florida after the French Indian War?
The British
It banned settlements west of the Appalachian mountains
Proclamation of 1763
In 1761, the royal governor of Massachusetts authorized the writs of assistance, which allowed the British
soldiers to search any ship or building. Why was this done?
The British were cracking down on smugglers
What were three reasons the colonists became outraged at the
British following the French Indian War?
• Invasions of homes (writ of assistance)
• 10,000 British troops remained in colonies
• Sugar Act
This Ottawa leader and his men captured eight British forts, and laid siege on two
others?
Pontiac
• Pontiac
CHAPTER 4
This British imposed tax forced the colonists to purchase special stamped
paper for every legal document, license, newspaper, pamphlet, and
almanac
Stamp Act
As a result of the Stamp Act Boston shopkeepers, artisans, and
laborers organized a secret resistance group called this?
Sons of Liberty
Many American colonists did not want to pay taxes unless they were
fairly represented in parliament The colonists protested this phrase
“No Taxation without Representation”
In October 1765, delegates from nine colonies met in New York city.
This Stamp Act Congress issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances.
What did this declaration say?
Parliament lacked the power to impose taxes on colonies because the colonists
were not represented in Parliament.
It taxed imported materials glass, lead, paint, and paper as they came
into the colonies from Britain.
Townshend Act
In 1768, this man’s ship was seized by the British because they claimed that he had been avoiding paying taxes on the goods he was
transporting?
John Hancock
Event in which Crispus Attucks was killed?
The Boston Massacre
Massachusettes and Virginia set up this communication network to communicate with other colonies about this and other
threats to American liberties.
committees of correspondence
In this event, Boston rebels disguised themselves as Native Americans and
dumped 18,000 pounds of the East India Company’s tea into the waters of
Boston Harbor?
Boston Tea Party
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Why did the Sons of Liberty choose to have the Boston Tea
Party?
They felt that it was unfair that the British East India Company did not have to pay the colonial tax on the
tea that they were trying to sell.
These acts were imposed on the colonies by King George III for
the Boston Tea Party?
Intolerable Acts (Coercive)
British soldiers were housed in private homes, Boston Harbor was
shut down, and martial law was imposed. These were three results
of these acts
the Intolerable Acts
The committees of correspondence quickly moved into action and assembled the First Continental
Congress. In September 1774, 56 delegates met in Philadelphia and
drew up this?
A declaration of Colonial rights
General Thomas Gage, commander of the British troops in North America, ordered his men to capture these two patriots?
This man was a member of the Sons of Liberty, and was told told to warn Adams and Hancock as
well as the townspeople along the way that the British were coming?
Paul Revere
What was the first battle of the Revolutionary War?
Lexington and Concord
In this event the colonists showed their resolve to stand up against the
British in battle. It was the bloodiest battle of the
Revolutionary War with over 1000 British casualties and 400 colonists casualties. Famous quote, “don’t fire till you see the whites of their
eyes”.
Battle of Bunker Hill
This document written by Thomas Paine ridiculed Britain and urged
American independence?
Common Sense
The Second Continental Congress appointed this man to draw up the
Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
In writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson
used concepts from this philosopher who believed that life,
liberty, and property were the natural rights of mankind.
John Locke
People who supported the independence of the colonies were
known as what?
Patriots
Those who opposed independence and remained loyal to the crown
were known as what?
Loyalists
German mercenaries, or soldiers who fought solely for money. They were hired by the British during the
American Revolution.
Hessians
Name the battle: In the summer of 1776, the British brought 32,000
soldiers to this battle. George Washington brought 23,000. His troops were untrained and poorly equipped. The Continental Army was forced to retreat and suffered
heavy losses.
Battle of New York
On Christmas night 1776, George Washington and his men were able to cross the Delaware river and sneak up on the drunk Hessians and defeat them
at this battle?
The Battle of Trenton
Old Glory (the American Flag), is said to have been carried for the first
time in this 1777 battle?
Battle of Brandywine Creek
Leader of the Green Mountain Boys?
Ethan Allen
The October 17th, 1777, surrender here dramatically changed Britain’s war
strategy. From that time on, the British generally kept their troops along the coast, close to the big guns and the
supply bases of the British Fleet. The French decided to support the
Revolution. It is considered the turning point of the Revolutionary War.
Saratoga
Washington and his men spent the uncomfortable winter of 1777-1778
at this place in Pennsylvania?
Valley Forge
An increase in prices or decline in purchasing power caused by an increase in the supply of money.
The selling of goods in short supply at inflated prices
profiteering
These two men raised the money needed to pay the salaries of the
Continental Army?
Robert Morris and Hyam Salomon
What was the nickname of Mary Ludwig Hays McCauly, the woman who took her husband’s place at a
cannon when he was wounded at the Battle of Monmouth?
Molly Pitcher
Who was the brave, 20 year old French aristocrat, who offered
military assistance to the Continental Army?
Marquis de Lafayette
Who is the patriot that served as a British spy?
Benedict Arnold
This Prussian captain aided the Americans by making “regular
soldiers out of country bumpkins”?
Friedrich von Steuben
Who was the British general who after being defeated at Yorktown,
had one of his fellow generals surrender to George Washington?
On September 17th, 1783, this treaty was signed, which confirmed the independence of the colonies?
Treaty of Paris
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