Urban PM2.5 levels under the EU Clean Air Policy Package

Urban PM2.5 levelsunder the EU Clean Air Policy Package

Gregor Kiesewetter, Markus Amann

Presentation slides complementing TSAP Report #12

The use of these slides is encouraged with proper reference to Kiesewetter and Amann (2014): Urban PM2.5 levels under the EU Clean Air Policy Package, TSAP Report #12, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

Methodology

• For the PM2.5 measurements at urban stations reported in the EEA AIRBASE database for 2009, the contributions from sources at different spatial scales and economic sectors have been estimated with the GAINS/EMEP/CHIMERE models.

• Sufficient data were available for 21 Member States.

• The same models have been used to estimate contributions in 2030 under the assumption of the emission reductions proposed in the 2013 Clean Air Policy Package.

• Both cases are compared against the WHO guideline value of 10 μg/m3.

Origin of PM2.5 at street canyon stationsand how it is modelled in GAINS

Build-up of PM2.5 contributions from different geographical origin

Contributions:

Street

City

National

TransboundaryNatural

PM2.

5

How GAINS apportions observed PM2.5 to the different sources of origin

The methodology is described in more detail in TSAP Report#12 and Kiesewetter et al., 2014 (Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, )

Spatial origins of PM2.5 at background monitoring stations covered by GAINS

(relative fractions of total modelled PM2.5 at each station in 2009)

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in AustriaAverage of 19 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in BelgiumAverage of 4 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in BulgariaAverage of 14 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in the Czech RepublicAverage of 33 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in EstoniaAverage of 3 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in FinlandAverage of 2 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in FranceAverage of 29 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in GermanyAverage of 79 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in GreeceAverage of 3 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in HungaryAverage of 6 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in IrelandAverage of 2 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in ItalyAverage of 70 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in LithuaniaAverage of 5 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

Insu

ffici

ent d

ata

from

stre

et st

ation

s av

aila

ble

Insu

ffici

ent d

ata

from

stre

et st

ation

s av

aila

ble

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in the NetherlandsAverage of 5 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in PolandAverage of 142 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in PortugalAverage of 15 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in RomaniaAverage of 2 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

Insu

ffici

ent d

ata

from

stre

et st

ation

s av

aila

ble

Insu

ffici

ent d

ata

from

stre

et st

ation

s av

aila

ble

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

5

10

15

20

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in SlovakiaAverage of 17 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in SpainAverage of 30 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in SwedenAverage of 5 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Origin

Origin of PM2.5 in the UKAverage of 24 urban AIRBASE stations modelled in GAINS

Source: IIASA GAINS (Kiesewetter et al., 2014)

2030 Commission proposal2009-5

5

15

25

μg/m

3PM

2.5

Households

Primary PM: Traffic

Sec. PM: Traffic + agri.

Sec. PM: Industry + agri

Primary PM: Industry

Natural

WHO guideline value