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Impact Research Questions
This impact study answers the following questions:• How does the academic progress of charter school students compare to
their traditional public school (TPS) counterparts in Massachusetts? We examine:• Total average academic growth for all charter students relative to TPS• Average academic growth for charter school students for separate time periods• Charter school student growth by elementary / middle / high school grade levels• Charter school student growth by prior year academic achievement• Charter school student growth by the major student subgroups• Charter school student growth by the number of years student continuously
attended charter schools
• For the group of charter schools in Boston, how do they perform compared to their peer schools in the same community?
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A Quick Word About Methods
Charter school students may be different than a typical student in TPS, so care is needed in testing their learning gains.
We use a “Virtual Twin” approach to match each charter school’s students to TPS students who look just like them drawn from the TPS schools that have lost students to the charter school.
A Technical Appendix provides a full explanation of our research methodology.
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A Quick Word About Methods
Unlike other recent CREDO studies, this study does not include a conversion of effect sizes to days of learning. As the days of learning computation is based on the national NAEP scores, it would not be appropriate to apply it to the limited regional samples which almost certainly DO NOT progress at the same rate as the national population.
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Understanding the SlidesAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN URBAN REGION–
Average TPS Growth
Average TPS Growth
-0.05**-0.06**
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
Reading Math
0.08**
0.03**
0.05**
-0.01
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
There are two growth values for reading. The left is for TPS students and the right for Charter students
There are also two growth values for math. As before, the left is for TPS students and the right for Charter students
This graph looks at the difference between the charter and TPS growth values. 0.03
– 0.08- 0.05
-0.01 – 0.05- 0.06
These are the marginal effects of charter enrollment. The left is for reading and the right for math.
To compute the difference, we take the Charter growth value minus the TPS growth value for each subject.
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL STUDENTS
0.23**
0.31**
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Reading Math
0.07**
0.30**
0.06**
0.37**
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average TPS Growth
Region Average
TPS Growth
Student-Level Results
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AVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL STUDENTS BY GROWTH PERIOD
0.16*
0.27**
0.19**
0.29**0.26** 0.30**0.27**0.34**
0.24**
0.26**
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Reading Math
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Average TPS Growth
Student-Level Results
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AVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL STUDENTS BY GRADESPAN
0.30**0.34**
0.22**
0.31**
0.14**
0.35**
0.25**
0.31**
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Reading Math
Elementary Middle High Multi_level
Average Elementary TPS Growth
Student-Level Results
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AVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL STUDENTS BY YEARS OF CHARTER SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
0.24**
0.39**
0.25** 0.25**0.25**
0.31**0.34**
0.23**
-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.45
Reading MathYears in Charter School
1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years
Average TPS Growth
This analysis includes only students who entered a charter school after 2006-2007.
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL WHITE STUDENTS
0.13**
0.21**
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Reading Math
Average White TPS
Growth
0.00
0.13**
0.00
0.21**
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average White TPS
Growth
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL ASIAN STUDENTS
0.07
0.18*
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Reading Math
Average Asian TPS
Growth
0.15**
0.23**
0.17**
0.34**
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average White TPS
Growth
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON –ALL NATIVE AMERICAN STUDENTS
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
Reading‡ Math‡
-0.35
-0.30
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading‡ Math‡
Average White TPS
Growth
Average Native
American TPS Growth
‡ There were not enough Boston Native American students in Reading or Math to compute an effect size.
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL BLACK STUDENTS
0.14**
0.27**
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Reading Math
Average Black TPS
Growth
-0.11**
0.03
-0.16**
0.12**
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average White TPS
Growth
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL HISPANIC STUDENTS
0.20**
0.29**
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Reading Math
Average Hispanic
TPS Growth
-0.04
0.16**
-0.07**
0.22**
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average White TPS
Growth
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL STUDENTS ELIGIBLE FOR FREE / REDUCED PRICE LUNCH
0.08**
0.04*
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
Reading Math
Average TPS in Poverty Growth
-0.09**
-0.01
-0.06**
-0.02
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average Non-Poverty TPS Growth
Student-Level Results
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AVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL BLACK STUDENTS IN POVERTY
-0.22**
-0.01
-0.23**
0.08**
-0.30
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average White, Non-Poverty TPS
Growth
Student-Level Results
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AVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL HISPANIC STUDENTS IN POVERTY
-0.15**
0.12**
-0.14**
0.19**
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average White Non-
Poverty TPS Growth
0.16*
0.11
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Reading Math
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Average ELL TPS Growth
-0.17**
-0.01
-0.11**
0.00
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average Non-ELL
TPS Growth
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATION NEEDS
0.06 0.05
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
Reading Math
Average SPED TPS
Growth -0.41**
-0.35** -0.33**
-0.28**
-0.50
-0.45
-0.40
-0.35
-0.30
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average Non-SPED TPS Growth
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Student-Level ResultsAVERAGE ACADEMIC GROWTH FOR CHARTER SCHOOL STUDENTS RELATIVE TO PERFORMANCE OF VIRTUAL TWINS IN TRADITIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON – ALL STUDENTS WHO WERE RETAINED IN PRIOR YEAR
-0.12
0.01
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
Reading Math
Average Retained
TPS Growth
0.15
0.03
0.100.11
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
TPS Charter TPS Charter
Reading Math
Average Non-
Retained TPS Growth
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