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Update by:Social Affairs Department
African Union Commission (AUC)Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
1AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
Trafficking in Human Beings & Smuggling of Migrants
An African Perspective
2AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
People tricked, lured, coerced or otherwise removed from home/ country, forced to work on exploitative terms.
Victims used in a variety of situations:prostitution, forced labor, involuntary servitude,
including the sale of infants for adoption and trafficking in body parts.
Migrant smuggling refers to facilitating illegal entry of a person into a State
WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?
3AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS•As border controls have improved, migrants deterred and
are diverted into the hands of smugglers
•Highly profitable business
•Modus operandi of migrant smugglers is diverse and
constantly changing, often dangerous
•Gaps in knowledge about migrant smuggling highlight need
for research and analysis
4AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
WHY THE GROWTH IN TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS?
•Push factors:IgnoranceExposure to “outside world”Poverty
•Pull factors:Demand for cheap labour Demand for commercial sexual exploitation.
•Negative consequences do not trickle back
5AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
• 80 million or 41% African children 5-14 years old work
• ILO: 200,000 to 300,000 children trafficked and/or smuggled each year in West &Central Africa
• UNICEF: 10,000 to 15,000 children work on cocoa plantations in Côte d’Ivoire, price ±$340 pp
• UNICEF: 25,000 children working in Gabon
• IOM: Ethiopian girls trafficked/smuggled to Middle East to work as domestic servants
CHILDREN – OUR FUTURE
6AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
• Africa has source, transit and destination countries for commercial sexual exploitation
• Controlled by organised criminal gangs from Bulgaria, Russia, Thailand, China and Nigeria
• ILO: Child prostitution increasingProblem in TanzaniaThe Gambia, Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa
are becoming increasingly known as destinations for sex tourists.
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION INCREASING
7AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
• Increased vulnerability due to:civil unrestinternal armed conflict natural disasters
• Human Rights Watch estimates over 120,000 children used in armed conflicts in Africa.
• All sides involved in abductions, used as:portersforced labourers sex slaves
CONFLICT ZONES
8AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
WHY TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING
•UN estimates are TIP and smuggling generate $7 to $10 billion p/a
•Can provide repeated income
•Minimal risks
9AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
The impact of trafficking
• Violating human rights
• Social exclusion and crime
• Undermining public health
• Undermining government authority
• Sustaining illicit activities and organised crime
• Eroding human capital
10AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?
•Legislation
•Capacity building
•Shelters
•State programmes to combat human trafficking and
smuggling in migrants
•Improve cooperation
•Contact points or units
•Establish databases
11AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION: DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS
Thank you for your attention
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