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UOP technology brochure Mercury Guard Sieve details.
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Advanced Mercury Removal Technologies
Advanced Mercury Removal Technologies
© 2009 UOP LLC. All rights reserved. UOP 5241G-01
Why Remove Mercury?1. Equipment Protection
2. Improving product quality• Mercury found in refinery naphtha• >50% of world’s ethylene plants
are naphtha fed3. Catalyst protection• Many precious metal catalysts are
susceptible to mercury poisoning• 1:1 Hg amalgams with Pt, Pd are
stable at temperatures <150oC
4. HS&E• TLV Limit = 0.025 mg/m3 air• >> 1.0 mg/m3 has been
measured
UOP 5241G-02
Natural Occurrence of Mercury Compounds in Hydrocarbon Streams
Natural Gas Condensate
Crude Oil
Elemental Dominant
Some organic
Trace organic
Trace ionic
Some ionic
Trace suspended
Trace suspended
Some suspended
Types of HgElementalOrganic
IonicSuspended
UOP 5241G-03
Natural Gas Mercury Levels
N. Africa1-130μg/Nm3N. Africa1-130μg/Nm3
Gulf
Asia-Pacific200-2,000μg/Nm3
Off-ShoreThe Americas1-100μg/Nm3
Australia50-200μg/Nm3
Europe1-500μg/Nm3
UOP 5241G-04
Existing Mercury Removal Technologies
Sulphur Impregnated
Activated Carbon
Technology Non-regenerablefixed bed
Reactor fill volume
Larger
Contributory ΔP HighCapex HighFlow-sheet location
Dry gas
Disposal No use
Stability Sulphur dissolution
Silver Impregnated
Molecular Sieve
Regenerablefixed bedSmaller
LowestLowest
In mol sieve dryer vessels
Hg-free
Very stable
Metal (Copper) Oxides and Sulphides
Non-regenerablefixed bedMedium
LowLow
Flexible
Fully recyclable
Very stable
UOP 5241G-05
UOP Hg Removal Product Range
UOP HgSIVTM products are silver promoted zeolitesGB products are copper basedMultiple products for different
requirements
Liquids and gases treatedMany contaminants removed
Regenerative Hg removalUOP HgSIV 3
Hg from H2S-containing liquid HCGB 346Hg from non H2S-containing HCGB 346SHg from H2S-containing gasGB 562Hg from non H2S-containing gasGB 562SDedicated co-removal of S and HgGB 566
Regenerative Hg removalUOP HgSIV 1ApplicationProduct
Regenerative molecular sieve productsNon-regenerative GB products
UOP 5241G-06
“Must Have” GB Product Features
Feature BenefitsLarge pore volume Superior Hg capacity. Better
resistance to liquid carry-overSpecifically engineered pore size distribution
Superior Hg capacity
High surface area substrate Superior Hg capacityHighly dispersed active phase Superior pick-up capacityHigh crushing strength Low & stable pressure drop
with plug flow & no channelling
High attrition resistance No powder formation, no downstream powder issues
UOP 5241G-07
Treatment Locations Within the Gas Plant
Downstream of the dryers Inside the dryers On the regeneration gas from the dryers Upstream of the amine and dryer units
UOP 5241G-08
Raw Natural Gas
CO2 Removal Dryers
Feed Gas SeparatorUOP MOLSIVTM
Adsorbents
Activated carbon MRU
Downstream of the Dryers
UOP 5241G-09
Raw Natural Gas
CO2 Removal Dryers
Feed Gas Separator UOP MOLSIVTM
Adsorbent
UOP HgSIVTM
Adsorbent
In the Dryers
UOP 5241G-10
Raw Natural Gas
CO2 Removal Dryers
UOP HgSIVAdsorbent
UOP MOLSIVAdsorbents
UOP GB MRU
In the Dryers & on the Regeneration Gas
Feed Gas Separator
UOP 5241G-11
Raw Natural Gas
CO2 Removal Dryers
Feed Gas Separator
UOP MOLSIVAdsorbents
UOP GB MRU
Upstream of the Amine and Dryer Units
UOP 5241G-12
CuS
Alumina
Two distinct components– Copper is present in
a finely divided CuOcrystallite phase
– Alumina substrate Optimised pore size
distribution facilitating undisturbed flow of liquid hydrocarbons High surface area,
internal porosity and accessibility of the CuOphase is key to transport Hg through GB product
GB Product Morphology & Chemistry
2CuS + Hg HgS + Cu2SUOP 5241G-13
GB Resistance to Liquid Carry-over More gas processors require the treatment of on and
off-shore raw gas streams close to their dew point Both liquid hydrocarbons and water can be an issue
with some MRU products Successful MRU products are developed to withstand
transient carry-overPore Size Distribution
of an Ideal MRU Product
00.10.20.30.40.50.6
10 100 1000 10000 100000 Pore Width, A
Cum
ulat
ive
Pore
Vo
lum
e, c
c/g
Large macro pores are preferable in handling
liquid carry-over
UOP 5241G-14
GB Pore Size Distribution Comparison
Pore Features of GB and Competitor Product
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
10 100 1000 10000 100000
pore width, A
Cum
ulat
ive
Pore
Vol
ume,
cc/g
UOP -GB-Competitor
UOP GB Product has a balanced pore size distribution with more macro pores
UOP 5241G-15
38ppmV H2S300 μg/NM3 Hg
<0.1ppmH2S (6months)<0.01μg/NM3Hg
GB 562GB 562
Case Study 1: Gas Phase GB-562 PTT GSP-5 S-Up March 2008 Flow-rate 265MMSCFD/vessel Operating pressure 48 Kg/cm2
Operating temp 18°C 4 year design life Replaced carbon
UOP 5241G-16
Case Study 1: Continued
PTT GSP-5 MRU GB-562
0102030405060708090
100110120130140150
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Months On Line
Mer
cury
Con
cent
ratio
n μg
/NM
3
MRU InletMRU Outlet
UOP 5241G-17
<0.1ppmVH2S <0.01μg/NM3 Hg
5ppmV H2S 10μg/NM3 Hg
GB 566
Case Study 2: Gas Phase GB 566
Gas processorEthaneOperating temperature 35-40 °COperating pressure 13Kg/cm2
Flow 73,000 Kg/HStart-up December 200812 months lifetime [H2S]>10 year lifetime [Hg]
UOP 5241G-18
<10ppbW Hg
<20ppbW H2S
<10ppbW AsH3
3.5ppmW Hg
1.0ppmW H2S
1.0ppmW AsH3
GB 346
GB 238
Case Study 3: Liquid Phase GB-346
Oil refiner Successful operation since 2006 70% propylene / 30% propane Flow-rate 14,000 Kg/H Operating temperature 35 °C Operating pressure 2045 KPaG
UOP 5241G-19
Mercury Management: From On Site Analysis to Hg Recovery
Important to measure Hg to 0.01 μg/Nm3 at the plant site Each sample gathered and
analysed within hours Level of Hg quantified before
the analytical team departs Liquid analysis is available
GB products are compatible with Hg recovery processes
Clients are placed in touch with certified mercury recovery outlets
Hg is separated via retort oven & vacuum distillation at 600°C
Reclaimed Hg is used in existing industries
Copper waste goes to smelters and is sold onto the open market
UOP 5241G-20
UOP Mercury Removal Philosophy
Gas processors need the choice of non-regenerable and regenerable mercury removal options, as applicable Flexible flow-sheet location choices are paramount in
positioning an MRU Raw gas MRU technology should be able to resist
transient, episodic liquid carry-overMercury measurement techniques need to provide
dependable, accurate and precise analytical data Secure and reliable mercury recovery is essential
UOP 5241G-21
UOP 5241G-22
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