Unrest grows in Texas… ….and Spanish rule ends. Hidalgo’s Revolution

Unrest grows in Texas…Unrest grows in Texas…

…….and Spanish rule ends.and Spanish rule ends

Hidalgo’s RevolutionHidalgo’s Revolution

CausesCauses Napoleon kidnaps king of Spain Napoleon’s brother, Joseph, becomes king.

Revolutionaries were:small farmers

Taxes too high: many forced into peonage (land slavery) to pay debts.

Middle class and intellectuals revolting against Napoleon & puppet

King. Laws unfair: restrict best jobs to Spanish-

born “Peninsulares”

Enter Father HidalgoEnter Father Hidalgo

El Grito de Dolores!!!!!!!!

His famous call for revolt and political change

His army does well at first……

Why failure?: militaryWhy failure?: militaryHidalgo’s Army

100,000+ people. Too large to control. Few guns, no

training.

Spanish Army Smaller- 6,000 men-

but organized. Well armed and

trained.

Why failure?: PoliticsWhy failure?: Politics

Hidalgo: • Never captured Mexico

City.• Needed money and

military supplies from Mexico city.

• Hidalgo and Allende captured and executed

Spain• Retained capital city.

• Controlled cash, and arsenals.

• Leaders remain in control.

The legend:The legend:

Hidalgo was also known as…..

El Zorro!!!!

Why did Spain neglect Texas?Why did Spain neglect Texas?Cause

• No gold or silver• Political center in

Mexico City• Land in California

and Mexico more fertile

• Angry Indians

Effect• No fortune hunters• No politicians

• Few ranchers or farmers

• Hard for people to survive

Gutierrez and MageeGutierrez and Magee

Dead men tell no tales…live Dead men tell no tales…live ones get into trouble.ones get into trouble.

Who was this Who was this “Republican Army of the North”?“Republican Army of the North”?

Filibusters Filibusters and revolutionariesand revolutionaries TejanosTejanos Spaniards-mostly ex-army typesSpaniards-mostly ex-army types American volunteersAmerican volunteers

Commanders:Commanders:

Augustus Magee : ex-US ArmyAugustus Magee : ex-US Army Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara: General Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara: General

under Hidalgounder Hidalgo

What they wantedWhat they wanted

““Americans”Americans” A free MexicoA free Mexico USA-style gov’t: USA-style gov’t:

vote for leadersvote for leaders of of the country.the country.

ConstitutionConstitution Close ties with USAClose ties with USA

““Mexicans”Mexicans” A free MexicoA free Mexico Spanish-style gov’t : Spanish-style gov’t :

appoint leadersappoint leaders of the of the country.country.

ConstitutionConstitution Close ties with ex-Close ties with ex-

Spanish coloniesSpanish colonies

What the Republicans didWhat the Republicans did

Captured major cities Captured major cities in Texasin Texas

(Goliad, (Goliad, Nacogdoches and Nacogdoches and San Antonio)San Antonio)

Set up trials courtsSet up trials courts Captured La BahiaCaptured La Bahia Defeated Spanish Defeated Spanish

army repeatedly.army repeatedly.

• Magee dies• Gutierrez fired• Officers changed as policy changed• This meant no stability for Republican govt.

What happened?What happened?

Why Republicans lostWhy Republicans lost

• Spanish re-organize• Republicans surrounded by General

Arredondo at Battle of Medina• Most killed

PiratesPirates

The myth and the The myth and the revolutionaryrevolutionary

Three rebellious “nations” rise Three rebellious “nations” rise up against Spainup against Spain

What they need most is a What they need most is a navynavy

VenezuelaArgentina Republic of MexicoRepublic of Mexico

Jean Louis AuryJean Louis Aury 1813 North Carolina 1813 North Carolina

privateer raids Spanish privateer raids Spanish shipsships

VenezuelaVenezuela will make him will make him a privateer-a “legal a privateer-a “legal pirate” if he represents pirate” if he represents themthem

He doesHe does

Venezuela-hires both Aury and LafitteAury’s personal flag

Only known drawing thought to be Aury

Republic of MexicoRepublic of Mexico

• Aury also gets Commissioned by Republic of Mexico as…..

• “Civil and Military Governor of Texas” • Establishes a privateering base on Galveston

Island, Texas in 1816.

Mexican pre-revolution flag

While Aury was awayWhile Aury was away

• While Aury away raiding New Spain, Jean Laffite takes over the operation at Galveston

Argentina flag -Aury’s

Jean LafitteJean Lafitte•Smart businessman

•Worked legal system whenever possible

•Avoided killing - it was not smart

•Joined “Mexico” to act as a privateer – made his robberies legal

•Fought for USA in War of 1812 - to get his men pardoned..

Then came the Adams Then came the Adams Onis TreatyOnis Treaty

Some Americans were not Some Americans were not pleased.pleased.

Dr Long’s ExpeditionsDr Long’s Expeditions

Futility incarnate….Futility incarnate….

Long’s rebellionsLong’s rebellions

BackgroundBackground Mississippi DoctorMississippi Doctor Upset with Adams-Upset with Adams-

Onis giving US land Onis giving US land away.away.

Led Several Led Several expeditionsexpeditions

All failed All failed Came to Texas Came to Texas

with army and with army and wife- wife- Jane LongJane Long..

He did succeed in He did succeed in capturing capturing

Nacogdoches.Nacogdoches. Declared Texas a Declared Texas a

“free and “free and independent independent republic”.republic”.

Long’s problemsLong’s problems 3 expeditions3 expeditions

All failed to free TexasAll failed to free Texas

Long wanted Jean Long wanted Jean Lafitte’s helpLafitte’s help

Lafitte refused-Lafitte refused- He said Long did not He said Long did not

have enough men.have enough men.

Long’s fateLong’s fate

• captured and tried in Mexico,

• not imprisoned.

• not allowed to leave Mexico City.

• “Accidentally” shot and killed.

Long’s legacyLong’s legacy

He was survived by his strongest supporter, who had been left to

guard their “fort” at Bolivar Point.

Jane LongJane Long• Followed husband John

• Came with teen-age slave, Kian

• Kept Indians away by bluffing with a cannon.

• Had “the first Anglo child in Texas”

Jane LongJane Long

• Left when Austin colonists told her husband was dead.

• Lived out her days running a hotel .

• Died Dec. 30th,1880

Freedom for Texas Freedom for Texas would have to wait…would have to wait…

Until Mexico became free as Until Mexico became free as well.well.