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Unit III Part 6. Andrew Jackson The and the Second BUS The Whigs. Remember. Jackson hated Banks He distrusted paper money He opposed the Second BUS because it put power into the hands of his enemies The Second BUS was not popular with farmers Ruthless foreclosures - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit IIIPart 6
Andrew JacksonThe and the Second BUS
The Whigs
Remember Jackson hated Banks He distrusted paper money He opposed the Second BUS because it
put power into the hands of his enemies
The Second BUS was not popular with farmers
Ruthless foreclosures
If Jackson was elected again in 1832The BUS charter was up for renewal in
1836Who would be President in 1836?
Friends of the BUS
Were worried that even if congress passed a BUS renewal, Jackson would veto it
Nicholas Biddle was President of the Second BUS…he ran it very well
Biddle was worried too
Daniel Webster had a plan
To save the Second BUS
He told Biddle to apply EARLY for a recharter
He believed that Jackson would not dare to veto a bank bill before the election of 1832
Belief that if Jackson DID veto the BUS recharter, he would LOSE the election
Biddle asked for an early re-charter
Congress passed the Second BUS recharter bill
Jackson vetoed it
NOTE: the Second BUS would still operate until 1836
Biddle made lots of low-interest loans to those opposed to Jackson during the election
BUT THEN
Jackson was re-elected! Still two factions of one party:
Democratic Republicans: Jackson (VP Van Buren) (219) National Republicans: Henry Clay (49): first to have a
national platform Anti-Masonics (Third Party) Wirt (0): first to have a National
Convention
Jackson
Believed his election was a sign from the people that they wanted him to destroy the Bank even before the charter ran out
So he asked his Secretary of the Treasury to remove all of the federal $ from the Bank…he refused and was fired
The next Sec. of the Treasury…the same
They both believed it would be really bad for the economy
Roger Taney (Attorney General)
Was made the new Sec. of the Treasury
HE removed the federal $ from the Second BUS
The $ was re-deposited into several “PET” banks owned by Jackson lovers
Was this more democratic? Yes…before the government $ could
only be used by one bank, now…many
The Federal Money
Was used by more banks = more economic opportunities for more people
Marshall died! 1834
Jackson named Taney as new Supreme Court Chief Justice (a reward?)
In the meantime…Nicholas Biddle was forced to call in loans early to keep the bank afloat
More farmers lost land Businesses failed, factories closed,
lost jobs Depression for several years
The Specie Circular 1836
A Jackson idea passed by congress Required buyers to buy land with
specie! Made economy even worse Contributed to the Panic of 1837
Panic will be blamed on Van Buren because he will be the president to inherit it
Taney’s Court
Modified some of Marshall’s decisions:
Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge 1837: Taney said that a state MAY amend a contract if it would benefit that state’s citizens
The Rise of the Whigs Jackson made many enemies due to his
actions during the Nullification Crisis and his war with the Second BUS
During his second term, the Whig Party was formed
It was a combination of National Republicans and Jackson Haters (who did not necessarily agree with the ideology of the National Republicans)
The Whigs Founders: Daniel Webster and
Henry Clay
Platform: Clay’s American System
Ideology: Stood for the same issues as the Federalist Party: High Tariff, Strong Central Government, a BUS
Remember: Webster was the last spokesman for the Federalist Party at the Hartford Convention
Election of 1836 Democrats (Old Democratic-Republican
Party) Van Buren (NY) (170) VP Johnson (killed Tecumseh)
Three Whig Candidates: W.H. Harrison (73) Hugh White (26) Daniel Webster (14)
Independent: Magnum (11)
Van Buren
Will only serve one term because the economy was so bad and it was all blamed on him
Although Jackson was at fault: his war with the Second BUS and the Specie Circular
BUT Jackson was still President until March of 1837
African Americans
Free in the North but second class citizens
Often could not vote in Northern States
1831 Nat Turner’s Rebellion: White family killed while slaves attempted to escape
Great fear by Southerners Abolitionist societies disappeared in the
South
The Gag Rule
The slavery issue was such a hot topic that if it was introduced in Congress, no work was done…only fighting over slavery
SO…members of the House were subject to the Gag Rule…Members were not supposed to bring up the topic of slavery so other work could get done
The Gag Rule
John Quincy Adams (was elected to the House after his presidency) tried to break the Gag Rule over 300 times
Native Americans
Since Jefferson, the U.S. policy was removal to east of the Mississippi
Jackson’s Trail of Tears
1832 Black Hawk War in the Northwest
1837-42 Seminole War in Florida
Foreign Affairs
The English finally opened up West Indies trade to the U.S.
The French paid us compensation for ships and cargo seized prior to the War of 1812 with the Convention of 1831
Now…Mexico…
Mexico
Had gained its independence from Spain in early 1820’s
Big U.S. migration to Mexico due the the Empressario System (like the Headright system: free land to settlers)
Stephen Austin one of the first
Great Migration
By 1830 there were 20,000 Americans in Mexico
BUT they were not happy: Did not like to pay a tariff on U.S.
goods Did not have self-government 1829: Mexico outlawed slavery
Mexico
Americans in Texas area formed a provisional government
Santa Ana (Mexican dictator) Led the Mexican army against the Americans
Americans in Texas (Mexico) declared their independence in 1836
The War for Texas Independence
1836: Battle of the Alamo (big win for Mexico)
1836: Battle of the Goliad (big win for Mexico)
1836: Battle of San Jacinto (Americans won their independence by capturing Santa Ana)
Sam Houston: President of the Texas Republic asked for U.S. annexation
Texas
Jackson would not consider annexing Texas
Did not want to risk war with Mexico Did not want to upset the Senate
balance of free and slave states…Texas would enter as a slave state.
Will be annexed by Tyler after election of Polk in 1844
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