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Unit 5.1 ~ Cell Energy:
PHOTOSYNTHESISObjectives/Goals:
• Classify organisms in how they obtain energy
• Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis
• Understand how ATP is used to provide cells with energy
Language Goals:
Define: Photosynthesis, Autotroph, Heterotroph, Hydrolysis, Dehydration Synthesis, Pigments, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids
At the end of this lesson I will be able to:
▪ Compare and contrast Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
▪ List the reactants and products of photosynthesis
▪ Describe how ATP powers all cells.
How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?
Autotrophs
• Also called:
• What process do autotrophs use to make food?
• What are some examples of autotrophs?
HETEROTROPHS
• Also called:
• How do heterotrophs get their food?
• What are some examples of heterotrophs?
Energy for Life
Photosynthesis• Define: Process that
converts sunlight energy into sugar
(______________________)
in plants.
Respiration• DEFINE: process that
converts glucose in sugar into usable energy for cells
Two biological processes are needed to create usable energy for organisms
Which process(es) do autotrophs use and which process(es) do heterotrophs use?
ATP & Energy
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) = energy storage molecule
• Our Cells use ATP for: ALL LIFE PROCESSES (growth, reproduction, etc)
adenine ribose three phosphate groups
ATPHOW DOES ATP POWER OUR CELLS?
• ATP stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups
• When a bond is broken energy is released
HERE IS HOW IT WORKS:
The chemical equation for breaking an ATP molecule is:
Chloroplasts: a plant organelle that carries out Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are like:mini solar panels that capture sunlight energy to make glucose!
What makes them green?
The pigment Chlorophyll
What is a pigment?
• natural substance that gives color to animals and plants
• Absorb and reflect wavelengths of light
• We see the reflected color
What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect? Absorb?
Pigments
What are all the colors of visible light?
Pigments WHAT ARE OTHER PIGMENTS CALLED?
Carotenoids:
“back up pigments”
ex. – Orange,
Red, Yellow
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
ProductsReactants
The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis
1. Light Reactions
• Light enters Chlorophyll in Chloroplast and excites electrons
• H2O is Split into H and O2
• ATP & NADPH is made
2. Dark Reactions (light independent)
• AKA: Calvin Cycle
• CO2 + H +NADPH and ATP are made into GLUCOSE and more CO2
• What is the difference between these two stages?
One needs sunlight to happen the other can happen with sunlight or without.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
• Light Intensity – the more light the faster the rate of photosynthesis.
• CO2 Concentration – the more CO2, the faster the rate of photosynthesis.
• Temperature –rate of photosynthesisslows down at extremesof hot or cold.
NEXT CLASS
Respiration &
Factors effecting
Photo & Resp.
How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?
EUGLENA
HETEROTROPHAUTOTROPH
Unit 5.2 ~ Cell Energy: Respiration
Objectives/Goals:
• Identify the reactants and products of Respiration
• Identify the relationship between Photosynthesis and Respiration
• Identify the factors that effect Photosynthesis and Respiration
Language Goals:
Define: Respiration, Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Glycolysis, and Carbon Oxygen Cycle
At the end of this lesson I will be able to:
▪ List the reactants and products of Respiration
▪ Explain how Photosynthesis and Respiration are complimentary processes.
▪ Interpret graphs & make predictions how rates of photosynthesis & respiration will change when effected by abiotic factors.
AND
Cellular Respiration• Respiration – the
biochemical process that converts glucose (C6H12O6) made in photosynthesis into ATP
• Occurs in both: autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Two Types of Respiration
AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC
• Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to make ATP energy.
• The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:
C6H1206 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP
ProductsReactants
Respiration• Anaerobic respiration - DOES NOT REQUIRE
OXYGEN.
• Also called FERMENTATION
• What Products do we get from fermentation?wine cheese bread
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration STARTwith the same process called… GLYCOLYSIS
Glycolysis
• It happens in CYTOPLASM
• The chemical equation for glycolysis is:
C6H12O6 + 2ATP 2 Pyruvic acid + 4ATP
• Means “split the sugar”
– Net gain of 2ATP
Aerobic Respiration• It happens in the MITOCHONDRIA
1. Pyruvic acid eventually made into H+, CO2, and ATP.
2. The H+ ions bond to other molecules and end up making 34 more ATP.
3. 2 ATP (Glycolysis)
+ 34 ATP (aerobic)
= 36 TOTAL ATP made in Aerobic Resp.
Anaerobic RespirationTwo types:
Alcoholic Fermentation & Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Always happens in the CYTOPLASM.• Both processes result in the production of only:
2 ATP MOLECULES.
• STARTS WITH GLYCOLYSIS
Two types of Anaerobic Respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation
In (plants/bacteria/fungi)
2 PYRUVIC ACID FROM GLYCOLYSIS
Lactic Acid Fermentation
In
(animals)
Alcohol and
carbon dioxide
2 ATPLactic Acid & carbon dioxide
2 ATP
2 PYRUVIC ACID FROM GLYCOLYSIS
Cheese, wine, bread Feel the burn!
HOW ARE PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED?
PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR
RESPIRATION ARE:
Complimentary Processes –
the products for one are the
reactants for the other!
NEXT CLASS
Cell Energy
REVIEW for
QUIZ on notes
5.1 & 5.2
Process Location Reactants Products
Glycolysis
Aerobic respiration
Lactic acid
fermentation
Alcoholic
fermentation
Summary of Cellular Respiration
CYTOPLASM GLUCOSEPyruvic Acid
+ 2 ATP
Mitochondria Pyruvic Acid
+ OxygenCO2
+ 36 ATP
CYTOPLASM
Pyruvic Acid
CYTOPLASMPyruvic Acid
Lactic Acid
+ 2 atp + CO2
Alcohol
+ 2ATP + CO2
Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Respiration
What is ATP and how does it power our cells?
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) =
• Cells use ATP for:
HOW DOES
ENERGY GET
RELEASED
FROM ATP?
WHAT
ORGANELLE
MAKES ATP?
What are the two types of Respiration?
5.1.4 What Factors effect Photosynthesis and Respiration?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Happens in:
Where:
To Convert Sunlight into:
To be used in:
RESPIRATIONHappens in:
Where:
To Break down:
To release:
To Use For:
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
How are these
two processes related?
Photosynthesis and respiration are complimentary Processes because they both make what the other needs!
Aerobic Respiration
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