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Unit 5: Day 1 The Renaissance
1.What was the Renaissance?2.Why did it start in Italy?
The Renaissance■ Rebirth or revival in arts and learning.
■ Attempt to bring back the culture and values of ancient Greece and Rome – beauty, wisdom, learning
■ Following the rediscovery of classical ideas in Muslim libraries (Crusades)
■ Trade encouraged/stimulated dev. Of Renaissance culture
■ Italy – 1300 – 1600 (Florence, Venice, Milan & Papal States)
■ Cities and individuals were rich from trade
■ Importance of patrons – the Medici, the pope
Why Italy?
1. The Italian city states prospered
from trade after the Crusades
2. Merchants and the Medici
a. Patron: someone who
financially supports an artist
3. Heritage of Greece and Rome
4. Independence/absence of
central ruler
Classical and Worldly Views■ Humanism: belief in human achievement and potential ,
focused on fulfillment and meaning in daily life, focused on many secular (non-religious) aspects of life
■ Secular: interest in worldly not just religious matters –life on earth is important.
■ Renaissance men: accomplished in a wide variety of fields – educated, charming, athletic, artistic
■ Baldassare Castiglione- “The Book of the Courtier”
Artistic Skills■ The use of light and shade
■ Studied human anatomy
■ Obtained corpses to study
■ Portrayed human emotion and individualism
■ Use of perspective: technique used to give a 3D effect
■ Fresco
Meet the Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo’s Pieta
Michelangelo’s David1501-1504 Donatello’s David
1408
Michelangelo – Moses Sought to express a human-centered world
Michelangelo's "The Creation of Adam" has endured not only as the most famous of the Sistine
Chapel panels, but also as one of the single most iconic images of humanity.
Michelangelo is recognized as one of the greatest painters and sculptors from the Italian Renaissance. What is not so widely known is that he was an avid
student of anatomy who, at the age of 17, began dissecting corpses from the church graveyard.
Now, a pair of American experts in neuroanatomy believe that Michelangelo did leave some
anatomical illustrations behind in one of his most famous works - the Sistine Chapel.
While some might dismiss this as a coincidence, experts suggest that it would be harder to explain that this was not Michelangelo's intention. Even
complex components within the brain, such as the cerebellum, optic chiasm, and pituitary gland can all be found in the picture. As for that sassy green sash running down the pons/spinal column/dude who is holding God up, it follows the path of the
vertebral artery perfectly
Similar to the masterpiece "The Creation of Adam," experts argue that the Sistine
Chapel panels feature another figure of God with a hidden code.
They noticed that God's throat and chest had anatomical irregularities, which were
not present in any other figure in the fresco. Also, while the figures are illuminated
diagonally from the lower left, God's neck is illuminated straight-on. They concluded
that what looks like clumsiness must have been deliberate work by the genius.
By superimposing God's odd-looking neck on the photograph of a human brain seen
from below, they showed how the two matched precisely.
They added that a strange roll of fabric that extends up the center of God's robe could
represent the human spinal cord.
The lumpy neck in the God figure (A) of the panel matches a photograph of
the human brain when seen from below (B) while (C) shows the various parts of the brain apparently hidden
in the painting
Raphael - School of Athens
Aristotle:looks to thisearth [thehere andnow].
Plato:looks to theheavens [or the IDEAL
realm].
The School of Athens – Raphael,
details
Raphael - Madonna
Leonardo da Vinci- A Renaissance Man■ From his notebooks of over 5000 pages
we know that da Vinci was an
■ Artist
■ Sculptor
■ Scientist
■ Architect
■ Engineer
■ Inventor
Leonardo – Mona Lisa
A Macaroni Mona
Parody→The Best Form of Flattery?
A Picasso Mona
An Andy Warhol Mona
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
& Geometry
horizontal
vert
ica
lPerspective!
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
Leonardo's vitruvian man
Leonardo the Inventor
■ Leonardo wanted to create "new machines" for a "new world“
■ He came up with loads of different ideas, including the bicycle, a helicopter, an “automobile”, and many military weapons
Leonardo’s first idea for a catapult
Leonardo’s Helicopter
The First Tank
Leonardo
Leonardo the Scientist■ Studied many topics
such as anatomy, zoology, botany, geology, and others
■ Fascinated by the study of facial features
A Quick Review
Unit 5: Day 3 The Northern Renaissance
Turn in your Da
Vinci Notebook
pages to the tray.
The Northern Renaissance■ Late Beginning
■ Late origins the north (15th century)
■ North recovering from the plague
■ Ideas spread
■ As Italy and the north traded the ideas spread
■ dominated by Monarchs who sponsored art
■ Christian Humanism ■ Challenged church ideas – supported idea that church should reform
society
The Northern Renaissance■ Sought to portray their world realistically■ Did not have the large walls for frescos like the Italian
painters, their work tended to be smaller and with an emphasis on details■ Use of oil painting to achieve vibrant colors■ Used shadows to create depth ■ Displayed realism/humanism by observing nature
and placing subject amongst everyday objects■ Low Countries, most important school was in Flanders
Robert Campin painting “ Merode Altarpiece”
Jan van Eyck -Giovanni Arnolfini
and His Bride
Albrecht Durer
Gutenberg’s Printing Press
Printing helps spread new ideas■ Johann Gutenberg
■ Created a machine based on movable type.
■ Gutenberg Bible → first full book of printed type
■ Printing Spreads Learning■ Books were now cheaper■ Rise in literacy ■ Use of vernacular
Machiavelli (Italian – The Prince (1513)
What did Machiavelli say? I say every prince must desire to be considered merciful and not cruel. He must however take care not to misunderstand his mercifulness. Borgia was considered cruel, but his cruelty brought order to Romagna and reduced it to peace. If this is considered well, it must be seen that he was really merciful. A prince, must not mind being called cruel for the purpose of keeping his subjects united; he will be more merciful than those who from excess of tenderness allow disorders to arise.
What did Machiavelli say? Here the question arises - whether it is better to be loved than feared? The reply is, that one ought to be feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved… Men are less concerned about offending someone they have cause to love than someone they have cause to fear. Love endures by a bond which men, being scoundrels, may break whenever it serves their advantage to do so; but fear is supported by the dread of pain which never goes away…. I conclude that since men love as they themselves determine but fear as their ruler determines, a wise prince must rely upon what he and not others can control.
Thomas Moore ( English –sixteenth century)
■ “… Where no man has any property, all men pursue the good of the public… In utopia, where every man has a right to everything; they all know that if care is taken to keep the public stores full, no private man can want anything; for among them there is no unequal distribution, so that no man is poor, none in necessity; and though no man has anything, yet they are all rich; for what can make a man so rich as to lead a serene and cheerful life, free from anxieties; neither apprehending want himself, nor vexed with the endless complaints of his wife.”
Dante“The Divine Comedy”
Dante’s InfernoRead the passage from the Inferno and complete the following
Level of Hell Punishment Who was there?
Limbo (not quite hell) living in a deficient form of Heaven Unbaptized and virtuous pagans
Second circle (lust) Blown by an unceasing wind Those who gave into their lustful desires
Third circle (Gluttony) forced to lie in a vile slush produced by ceaseless foul, icy rain
gluttons
Fourth Circle (Greed) Rolling heavy rocks while insulted, drowning The late, the lazy, the hate-filled and sullen
Fifth Circle (Anger) Constantly forced to fight each other in a swamp Wrathful
Sixth circle (heresy) Imprisoned in fiery graves heretics
Seventh circle (Violence) -suffering in a river of boiling blood-turned into treesSitting or walking on flaming sand
-murderers-suicides-violent against the church
Eighth circle (Fraud) Whipped by demons -seducers-flatters
Ninth circle (Treachery) -frozen in ice-chewed up continuously by Satan
Traitors
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