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Unit 4: Two-Dimensional
Kinematics
Section A: Projectile Motion
Corresponding Book Sections: 4.1, 4.2
PA Assessment Anchors S11.C.3.1
Difference between 1-D and 2-D
One Dimension Up / Down Back / Forth Left / Right
Example: Driving a car
down a straight street
Two dimension Projectiles Vertical &
Horizontal motion
Example: Throwing
something up in the air to someone else
Projectile Motion
Motion of objects that are launched
Objects continue moving under only the influence of gravity.
Basic assumptions of this unit…
1. Horizontal and Vertical motions are independent
In other words…treat the horizontal motion as if the vertical motion weren’t there, and vice-versa
You may need to use quantities in both directions, but you treat them separately (i.e.: Separate equations)
Basic assumptions of this unit…
2. Ignore air resistance We all know that air resistance exists, but
to make our lives easier, we’re going to ignore it
Otherwise, the problems get too hard!!
Basic assumptions of this unit…
3. We also ignore the rotation of the Earth
If we were to include the rotation of the Earth, we’d need to include that force in all of the problems…and why would we want to do that?
Basic assumptions of this unit…
4. The acceleration of gravity is always 9.8 m/s2 and pulls in the downward direction
This is the same from the last unit. Just remember, if: You say ↑ is positive, g is negative You say ↑ is negative, g is positive
Basic assumptions of this unit…
5. Gravity only affects the motion in the y-direction and has no effect on the x-direction.
Think about it…if we’re analyzing the motion separately (vertical and horizontal), when we look at the horizontal motion, gravity doesn’t affect that motion.
The basic kinematics equations… 2-D
Getting Components for the Equations
The equations are the same, they just analyze the x and y directions separately
Remember from vectors:
Ax = A cos θ
Ay = A sin θ
vox = vocosθ
voy = vosinθ
so......
Two ways to solve the turtle problem...
Method #1 Using vector principles
Problem: How far has the turtle traveled in 5 s (both x and y dir)?
1 m
Two ways to solve the turtle problem...
Problem: How far has the turtle traveled in 5 s (both x and y dir)?
Method #2 Using kinematics equations
= .2 m/s
Practice Problem #1
Refer to Example 4-1 on page 79
Practice Problem #2
Refer to Example 4-2 on Page 80
Section B: Zero Launch Angle
Corresponding Book Sections: 4.3
PA Assessment Anchors S11.C.3.1
Zero Launch Angle Projectile launched
horizontally In other words, the
angle between initial velocity and horizontal is 0°
Projectile has no acceleration in the x-direction unless specified
Initial velocity is only in x-direction.
Practice Problem #1
A person is walking with a speed of 1.3 m/s and drops a ball he is holding. The ball falls from a height of 1.25 m. Find the horizontal position of the ball after 0.5 s.
Practice Problem #2
A ball is thrown horizontally at 22.2 m/s from the roof of a building. It lands 36 m away from the building. How tall is the building?
Practice Problem #3
A diver running at 1.6 m/s dives out horizontally from the edge of a vertical cliff and reaches the water below 3.0 s later. How high was the cliff and how far from the base did the diver hit the water?
Section C: General Launch Angle
Corresponding Book Sections: 4.4
PA Assessment Anchors S11.C.3.1
General Launch Angle A particle launched
at some angle above the horizontal
These are considerably more difficult than the zero-launch angle problem
What is different?
We need to break the initial velocity into x and y directions.
We may need to use the quadratic equation to solve for time
vox = vocosθ
voy = vosinθ
Quadratic Equation
Use when solving for time in 2nd equation:
a
acbb
cbxax
2
4
0
2
2
Practice Problem #1
Refer to Easi-Teach file
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