UNIT 4: RESCUE, VENTILATION, SUPPORT, AND OVERHAUL

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UNIT 4:UNIT 4:RESCUE, VENTILATION, RESCUE, VENTILATION,

SUPPORT, SUPPORT, AND OVERHAULAND OVERHAUL

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

• Select appropriate ventilation tactics based on Select appropriate ventilation tactics based on identified ventilation principles and tactical identified ventilation principles and tactical considerations. considerations.

• Using the command sequence cycle, develop a Using the command sequence cycle, develop a ventilation action plan based on the incident ventilation action plan based on the incident presented.presented.

• Select appropriate rescue tactics based on Select appropriate rescue tactics based on identified rescue principles and tactical identified rescue principles and tactical considerations.considerations.

The students will:The students will:

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OBJECTIVES (cont'd)OBJECTIVES (cont'd)

• Using the command sequence cycle, develop a Using the command sequence cycle, develop a rescue action plan based on the incident rescue action plan based on the incident presented.presented.

• Understand the incident support activities that Understand the incident support activities that are necessary to promote safe fireground are necessary to promote safe fireground operations before, during, and after a fire.operations before, during, and after a fire.

• Understand the necessary safe practices that Understand the necessary safe practices that need to be implemented during overhaul need to be implemented during overhaul operations. operations.

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RESCUERESCUE

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RESCUERESCUE

Rescue is a systematic process used Rescue is a systematic process used to locate, protect, and remove to locate, protect, and remove occupants and fire victims safely occupants and fire victims safely from a structure and convey them from a structure and convey them to a place of safety.to a place of safety.

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RESCUE TACTICSRESCUE TACTICS

• Conduct primary searchConduct primary search

• Conduct secondary searchConduct secondary search

• Provide for rescued occupantsProvide for rescued occupants

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CONDUCT PRIMARY CONDUCT PRIMARY SEARCHSEARCH

• Rapid search of all areas involved in or Rapid search of all areas involved in or exposed to fire, if they can be entered, to verify exposed to fire, if they can be entered, to verify removal and/or safety of occupants.removal and/or safety of occupants.

• Key elements.Key elements.• Removal of victims.Removal of victims.• Transmit "ALL CLEAR."Transmit "ALL CLEAR."

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CONDUCT SECONDARY CONDUCT SECONDARY SEARCHSEARCH

• Extremely thorough search of interior fire Extremely thorough search of interior fire area after initial fire control, ventilation, and area after initial fire control, ventilation, and interior lighting are completed, to ensure interior lighting are completed, to ensure that there is no possibility of victims that there is no possibility of victims remaining undiscovered.remaining undiscovered.

• Key elements.Key elements.

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PROVIDE FOR RESCUED PROVIDE FOR RESCUED OCCUPANTSOCCUPANTS

• Victim removal pathsVictim removal paths• Move victims to triage areaMove victims to triage area• Treat victimsTreat victims• Transport victimsTransport victims• Provide for uninjured, displaced personsProvide for uninjured, displaced persons

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TACTICAL SIZEUP FOR TACTICAL SIZEUP FOR RESCUERESCUE

• Sizeup factorsSizeup factors– Stage of fire developmentStage of fire development– Number, location, and condition of victims; Number, location, and condition of victims; effect of fire on victimseffect of fire on victims– Capability of onscene companiesCapability of onscene companies

• Sizeup questionsSizeup questions

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SUPPORT FOR RESCUE SUPPORT FOR RESCUE OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

• TimingTiming• Protective linesProtective lines• EntryEntry• VentilationVentilation• LadderingLaddering• Confinement/ExtinguishmentConfinement/Extinguishment

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RESCUE COORDINATION RESCUE COORDINATION ISSUESISSUES

• Teamwork, organization, and good Teamwork, organization, and good communication.communication.

• Rapid ventilation.Rapid ventilation.• Keep fire away from people and protect escape Keep fire away from people and protect escape

routes with hoselines. routes with hoselines. • Laddering to ventilate and advance protective Laddering to ventilate and advance protective

hoselines.hoselines.

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Apparatus

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RESCUERESCUE

Command Sequence # 4Command Sequence # 4

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REVIEW REVIEW SIZEUP SIZEUP

REPORT REPORT OF FIREGROUND OF FIREGROUND

CONDITIONS CONDITIONS

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SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONSREPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS• Initial reportInitial report

To be given immediately upon arrival on locationTo be given immediately upon arrival on location• Exact location and conditions as observedExact location and conditions as observed

– Nothing showingNothing showing– Size of structure--stories and dimension--type of construction--occupied or Size of structure--stories and dimension--type of construction--occupied or vacantvacant– Smoke/Fire--location and densitySmoke/Fire--location and density– Status of occupants--if knownStatus of occupants--if known– Exposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or otherExposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or other– Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.

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SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS

(cont'd)(cont'd)

• Subsequent reportSubsequent reportInformation not immediately reported and/or Information not immediately reported and/or information developed upon investigation. To be information developed upon investigation. To be given ASAP or within 5 minutes.given ASAP or within 5 minutes.

• Progress reportProgress reportTo be given by the Incident Commander (IC) To be given by the Incident Commander (IC) every 10 minutes until fire is under control.every 10 minutes until fire is under control.

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COMMAND COMMAND SEQUENCE RESCUE SEQUENCE RESCUE

ACTION PLANACTION PLAN

450 C St.450 C St.

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COMMAND COMMAND SEQUENCE # 4 SEQUENCE # 4

PLOT PLANPLOT PLAN

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Walk-around 450 C StreetCommand

Sequence # 4

Three-story apartment building, 50'x 125'. Occupied.

Side ASide A

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Side B

Side A

Sides A and B

Sequence # 4

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Side B

Sequence # 4

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Side C

Side B

Sides B and C

Sequence # 4

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Side C

Side D

Sides C and D

Sequence # 4

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Side A

Side D

Sides A and D

Sequence # 4

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COMMAND SEQUENCE # 4COMMAND SEQUENCE # 41ST ALARM RESOURCES1ST ALARM RESOURCES

• Engine 1Engine 1• Engine 2Engine 2• Engine 3Engine 3• Truck 1Truck 1• Squad 1Squad 1• Battalion Chief 1Battalion Chief 1

– All companies staffed with four firefightersAll companies staffed with four firefighters– Battalion Chief 1: 30-minute responseBattalion Chief 1: 30-minute response

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Fire is located first floor storage room, center building. Report of people trapped on upper floors.

Side A450 C Street

450 C StreetCommand

Sequence # 4

StorageRoom

Wednesday6AMWind 15 MPHOut of the West73ºF

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Side A450 C Street

Side C

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WHAT IS THE SITUATIONWHAT IS THE SITUATION(SIZEUP)(SIZEUP)

• On location at 450 C Street, three-story brick On location at 450 C Street, three-story brick apartment building, 50' x 125', wood-frame apartment building, 50' x 125', wood-frame construction, occupied.construction, occupied.

• Medium to heavy smoke showing all floors.Medium to heavy smoke showing all floors.• Many occupants reported still in the building.Many occupants reported still in the building.• Exposure Side B is a similar attached apartment Exposure Side B is a similar attached apartment

building. building. • No other immediate exposures.No other immediate exposures.• Engine 1 is establishing C Street Command.Engine 1 is establishing C Street Command.

Sizeup report example:Sizeup report example:

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RESCUERESCUEACTION PLANACTION PLAN

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WHAT CAN BE WHAT CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED?ACCOMPLISHED?

INCIDENT OBJECTIVES INCIDENT OBJECTIVES

• Safe removal of occupantsSafe removal of occupants

• Contain and control fire to Contain and control fire to room/building of originroom/building of origin

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WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?INCIDENT STRATEGY(IES)INCIDENT STRATEGY(IES)

• RescueRescue

• Confinement/ExtinguishmentConfinement/Extinguishment

• VentilationVentilation

• Special equipmentSpecial equipment

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HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?INCIDENT TACTICSINCIDENT TACTICS

• RescueRescue

– Deploy search and rescue groups to remove occupants Deploy search and rescue groups to remove occupants – Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline Side A first floor for Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline Side A first floor for stairwell protectionstairwell protection

• Confinement/ExtinguishmentConfinement/Extinguishment

– Deploy 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side A first floor for fire Deploy 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side A first floor for fire confinement/extinguishmentconfinement/extinguishment– Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side C first floor for Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to Side C first floor for fire confinement/extinguishmentfire confinement/extinguishment

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• VentilateVentilate– Ventilate stairwells to support occupant Ventilate stairwells to support occupant removalremoval– Vent roof aperturesVent roof apertures– Horizontal ventilation all floors for fire Horizontal ventilation all floors for fire confinementconfinement

• Special equipmentSpecial equipmentEmploy imaging camera to support search and Employ imaging camera to support search and rescue groupsrescue groups

HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?HOW ARE YOU GOING TO DO IT?INCIDENT TACTICS (cont'd)INCIDENT TACTICS (cont'd)

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IMPLEMENT THE IMPLEMENT THE RESCUE ACTION PLANRESCUE ACTION PLAN

Communicate all assignments Communicate all assignments clearly to all resources operating on clearly to all resources operating on the incident.the incident.

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EVALUATE THE EVALUATE THE RESCUE ACTION PLANRESCUE ACTION PLAN

• Evaluate progress every 10 minutes.Evaluate progress every 10 minutes.

• Obtain feedback reports from resources Obtain feedback reports from resources operating on the incident.operating on the incident.

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Activity 4.1Activity 4.1Scenario 1Scenario 1

122 M Street122 M Street

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Sides A and D

Side D

Walk-around 122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1

Side A122 M Street

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Side B

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Side CSide C

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Exposure C-1Exposure C-1

Side CSide C

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Side D

Exposure C-2

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ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 1 ACTIVITY 4.1 SCENARIO 1 1ST ALARM RESOURCES1ST ALARM RESOURCES

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Report of two occupants trapped third floor front bedroom Side C. Report of two occupants trapped third floor front bedroom Side C.

122 M StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 1

Side CSide C

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Exposure C1 Exposure C2

ParkingSide A

Side B

Side C

Side D

122 M Street

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Side A

Third Floor

Side B

Side C

Side D

122 M Street

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700 Block of 25th Street700 Block of 25th Street

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Side A

25th Street

Walk-around700 Block 25th StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 2

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Side ASide B

Sides A and B

Side B Side A

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Sides B and C

Side BSide C

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Report of two occupants trapped 2nd floor front bedroom. Report of two children trapped 2nd floor rear bedroom. Report of an invalid 2nd floor front bedroom, B-1 exposure. No communications with occupants in exposure D-1.

Side A712 25th Street

Activity 4.1Scenario 2

25th Street

Exp. B-1 Exp.

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First FloorFirst Floor7 Row houses7 Row houses

KK DRDR

KKDRDR

21'21'

KK DRDR

KKDRDR

Side ASide A

712 25th Street712 25th Street

Side CSide C

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Second FloorSecond Floor7 Row houses7 Row houses

Side ASide A

Side C Side C

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356 E Street356 E Street

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Side A356 E Street

Walk-around356 E Street Activity 4.1Scenario 3

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Sides A and B

Side B

Side A

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Sides B and C

Side C

Side B

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Side D

Sides C and D

Side C

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Side A

Heavy fire second floor, side D. 14 occupants per floor. Report of many occupants unaccounted for.

356 E StreetActivity 4.1Scenario 3

Side D

Sides A and D

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LobbyLobby

BalconyBalcony BalconyBalcony

Second FloorSecond Floor Third FloorThird Floor

First FloorFirst Floor

Side A Side A

Side BSide B

Side CSide C

Side DSide D

356 E Street 356 E Street

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VENTILATIONVENTILATION

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VENTILATION (cont'd)VENTILATION (cont'd)

A planned, systematic procedure for A planned, systematic procedure for reducing, redirecting, or removing heat, reducing, redirecting, or removing heat, smoke, and fire gases from a structure smoke, and fire gases from a structure and replacing them with clean, fresh air.and replacing them with clean, fresh air.

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VENTILATION PRINCIPLESVENTILATION PRINCIPLES

• Ventilation for life safetyVentilation for life safety• Ventilation for incident stabilizationVentilation for incident stabilization• Ventilation for property conservationVentilation for property conservation• Ventilation to support other tactical Ventilation to support other tactical

operationsoperations

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ApparatusApparatus

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DETERMINE WHERE DETERMINE WHERE VENTILATION IS NEEDED VENTILATION IS NEEDED

• Planned, systematic approachPlanned, systematic approach

• General location prioritiesGeneral location priorities

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SELECT APPROPRIATE SELECT APPROPRIATE TACTICS(S)TACTICS(S)

• Horizontal ventilationHorizontal ventilation

• Vertical ventilationVertical ventilation

• A combinationA combination

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VENTILATION METHODSVENTILATION METHODS

• Natural ventilationNatural ventilation

• Self-ventilationSelf-ventilation

• Forced (mechanical) ventilationForced (mechanical) ventilation

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TYPES OF FORCED TYPES OF FORCED VENTILATIONVENTILATION

• Fog streamsFog streams• Building heating, ventilating, and air Building heating, ventilating, and air

conditioning (HVAC) systemconditioning (HVAC) system• Negative pressureNegative pressure• Positive pressurePositive pressure

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Apparatus

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SUPPORT FOR VENTILATIONSUPPORT FOR VENTILATION

• Proper apparatus placementProper apparatus placement

• Proper hoseline placementProper hoseline placement

• EntryEntry

• Selection and placement of laddersSelection and placement of ladders

• LightingLighting

• Breathing airBreathing air

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VENTILATION HAZARDSVENTILATION HAZARDS

• Opening below fire or at same levelOpening below fire or at same level• Opening too soonOpening too soon• Opening in wrong placeOpening in wrong place• Opening into blind atticOpening into blind attic• Insufficient openingInsufficient opening• Delayed too longDelayed too long

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WrongWay

RightWay

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+ = More than Atmospheric Pressure = Less than Atmospheric Pressure-

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Atmospheric Pressure

Outside Air

Hot ConvectionCurrents

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VENTILATION COORDINATION VENTILATION COORDINATION ISSUESISSUES

• With rescue.With rescue.

• With entry and fire attack.With entry and fire attack.

• Hoselines should not hinder Hoselines should not hinder ventilation.ventilation.

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RESCUE AND RESCUE AND VENTILATIONVENTILATION

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REVIEW REVIEW SIZEUP SIZEUP

REPORT OF REPORT OF FIREGROUND FIREGROUND CONDITIONS CONDITIONS

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SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND REPORT OF FIREGROUND

CONDITIONSCONDITIONS• Initial reportInitial report

To be given immediately upon arrival on locationTo be given immediately upon arrival on location• Exact location and conditions as observedExact location and conditions as observed

– Nothing showingNothing showing– Size of structure--stories and dimensions-- type of construction--occupied or Size of structure--stories and dimensions-- type of construction--occupied or vacantvacant– Smoke/Fire--location and densitySmoke/Fire--location and density– Status of occupants--if knownStatus of occupants--if known– Exposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or otherExposures--Sides A, B, C, D, or other– Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.Engine __ is establishing ___ Street Command.

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SIZEUP SIZEUP REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS REPORT OF FIREGROUND CONDITIONS

(cont'd)(cont'd)

• Subsequent reportSubsequent reportInformation not immediately reported and/or Information not immediately reported and/or information developed upon investigation. To be information developed upon investigation. To be given ASAP or within 5 minutes.given ASAP or within 5 minutes.

• Progress reportProgress reportTo be given by the IC every 10 minutes until fire is To be given by the IC every 10 minutes until fire is under control.under control.

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COMMAND SEQUENCE COMMAND SEQUENCE RESCUE RESCUE

VENTILATIONVENTILATIONACTION PLANACTION PLAN

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COMMAND COMMAND SEQUENCE # 5SEQUENCE # 5

PLOT PLANPLOT PLAN

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Burns Nursing Home, one-story, 75' X 250', ordinary construction. Occupied.

Walk-around 346 30th Street

Command Sequence # 5

Side A346 30th Street

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Side A

Burns Nursing Home

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Side A

Burns Nursing Home

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Side B

Burns Nursing Home

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Side B and CWalk-around 346 30th Street

Side BSide C

Burns Nursing Home

UNIT 4: RESCUE, VENTILATION, SUPPORT, AND OVERHAUL

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