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Slide 1
Unit 1: Present Tense Grammar and Structure for Ielts
Contents
Present Simple 1
2Present Continuous
3State Verb
Present simple
She often gets up at 6.00am every day
She usually does exercise
She has a big breakfast Regular habits or actions1. Present Simple
The sun rises in the east.She has a long hair
Permanent states and facts1. Present Simple
Instructions and directions 1. Present Simple You go straight ahead and then you turn left. Its opposite the park.
Excuse me, how to get to the cinema?
A woman falls in love with a poor man in this film.Stories, films, books1. Present Simple
1. Present Simple
The train will leave in 10 minutes
B. The train leaves in 10 minutes
When will the plane arrive?
B. When does the plane arrive?
Programmes or timetable
TIME EXPRESSIONS1. Present Simple every day/week/ month/yearoccasionallynow and thenon Mondays/ Tuesdays
alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomrarelyhardly evernever
+-?
FORMSI like Korean food.
S + V V+ES/SS + DO/DOES+ NOT+V(bare inf)I dont like Korean food.
DO/DOES +S +V(bare inf) ?Do you like Korean food?
I/you/we/they: DoShe/he/it: Does
Verb + s/es rules
1. I often. (go) to school by bus
2. He often (go) to school by busgogoes
1. I often. (read) books in the evening
2. He often (read) books in the eveningreadreads
Verb + s/es rulesKiss GoBrushFixwatchKisses Goes Brushes Fixes watches
ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o -es
V ending in
A vowel + y
A consonant + ye.g. play-plays, say-says, pray-prays, stay-stays,e.g. cry-cries, fly-flies, copy-copies,
+Take -s
+Drop y Take ies Verb + s/es rules
Present continuous
He is studying right now
Mark is playing game at the moment2. Present Continuous For actions happening now, at the moment of speaking
Present Continuous
She is practicing for a concert these days Temporary actions happening around now, not at the moment of speaking
The price of petrol is increasing rapidly Present Continuous Trends or changing situations
Present Continuous
You are always interrupting me
He is always copying my homework Actions happening too often, express annoyance or criticism
Present Continuous
He is flying to New York in an hour
They are going camping tomorrow Fix arrangements in the near future
TIME EXPRESSIONSAt the momentThese daysAt present Always now Present Continuous
+-?
I amSingular subjects (He/She/It) isPlural subjects (We/They/You) areFORMSS + am/is/are + V+ING
- She is listening to musicS + am/is/are + NOT + V+ING
She isnt listening to musicAm/Is/Are + S + V+ING
Is she listening to music?
21
Non continuous V
This cake looks deliciousThis cake is looking delicious
He loves music He is loving musicHe love music
Non continuous V
Verbs of senses See, hear, feel, smell, tasteVerbs of perception Know, remember, forget, understand, think, realise, Verbs express like and dislike Love, like, hate, dislike, enjoy,Other VerbsInclude, matter, need, belong, want, have, own, appear, believe,.
This soup tastes delicious(think = believe)I am thinking about my trouble (think = consider) I think she is a good person(= has a delicious flavor )(is tasting the flavor)I am tasting the soup. It is delicious (perceive with my eye)I saw him doing his homework (am meeting )I am seeing him after this class NOTE:Some state verbs can be used in the continuous form when the meaning is temporary.
Unit 2: Past Tense
Contents
Past Simple 1
2Past Continuous
3Used to- would
Past simple
Past SimpleThey graduated in 2000
He left 15 minutes ago
Actions happened at a definite or stated time in the past
Past Simple
He often played football with his dad when he was fiveI never played games when I was at college
Actions happened repeatedly in the past but dont happen any more
Past SimpleWe bought food first
Then we cooked
After that, we had dinnerActions happened immediately one after the other in the past
Past SimpleLinda and Mark lived in Australia for about 15 yearsLong - term past situations which are no longer true
TIME EXPRESSIONSPast Simple yesterday Two days/weeks/months/years ago last week/month/year whenIn 1992 then, ect
FORMS+-?
S +V-ed/V(2) I phoned Mark last night -She went shopping an hour agoS +DID NOT + V-bare.infI didnt phone Mark last night -She didnt go shopping an hour agoDID + S + V-bare.inf ?Did you phone Mark last night ?-Did she go shopping an hour ago?V(2) tobe: you/we/they: wereI/ She/he/it: was
Past continuous
Past Continuous
At 3 oclock yesterday afternoon, they were washing the dog
Mike was reading books at 9 oclock last night.
Actions was in progress at a stated time in the past
Past Continuous
He was reading a newspaper when his wife came
When we were sunbathing , it started to rain
Actions was in progress when another action interrupted it
Past Continuous
He was watching TV while his wife was cookingShe was talking on the phone while she was driving
2 or more actions were happening at the same time
Time expressions When While AsAll day/ night, morning The whole afternoon For hours/ days At the same time
FORMS+-?
S +was/were +V-ing She was playing tennisS +was/were + NOT +V-ing She was NOT playing tennisWas/were + S +V-ing? Was she playing tennis?Yes, she wasNo, she wasnt/was not
+
-
?
+
-
?
39
Used to would
Used to would
I used to drink a lot of beer
Mary used to live in a small house, but now she lives in a villa
Past habits or things that dont happen any more
He didnt use to take the dog for a walk He wouldn't take the dog for a walk A & B are correct
He used to teach for this school for 10 years He taught for this school for 10 yearsA & B are correct
Would is not used in negative form and Yes/ No questions and state VDo not use Used to: talk about how long the situation lasted
EXERCISES
Ex.1/3Unit 1
Im busy right now. I ..(fill in) an application form for a new job2. My tutor.. (see) me for a tutorial every Monday at 2 oclock3. John .. (not study) very hard at the moment. I (not think) ..he will pass his exams4. What .. (he/ do)? He .. (try) to fix the television aerial 5. Animals .. (breathe in) oxygen and (give out) .. carbon dioxide
Am filling inseesIsnt studyingDont thinkIs he doingIs tryingBreathe inGive outEx.2/3
6. Be quiet! I (want) to hear the news
7. In my country we (drive) on the right-hand side of the road
8. My friend Joes parents .(travel) round the World this summer,
9. The college ..(run) the same course every year
10. Numbers of wild butterflies (fall) a result of changes in farming methods
Want driveAre travellingrunsare falling
We energy for 3 main things : electricity production, heating and transport. For the first two, weoptions such as solar and wind power, or natural gas. But oil is still the worlds number one. Source of energy consumption ...year by year and demand in similar regions...fast. We.how to use energy more efficiently now than in the past but the worldwide rise in demand ..concern amongst experts. Some experts.. that oil supplies will start to fall within the next twenty years. Most experts . that we need to find a new source of energy soon.
usehaveIs going upIs catching upknowIs causingthinkagreeEx.3/4
....
Can seeIs increasingIs decreasingEx.4/4
4. 5. ..6. .WarmsRisesChanges
Was Took Was Received Meant Ex.1/7Unit 2
Invented Laid Allowed Replaced Increased
Did not ownWalked Rode
Made Were studying Was describing Picked up Noticed Was cryingapologizedSaid Ex.2/8
Said Didnt knowMade happenedWas showing Was examining Was smiling Got Said Laughed Wasnt looking Inspired Started
T: What sort of things 1 (you/ do) as a child?Yoko: Oh, when I was a child growing up in Japan there were many customs that we 2. (follow). For example, I remember we 3. (move) house when I was seven and we 4 (visit) our new neighbors with gifts. At that time the tradition was that people 5 (give) gifts if Japanese noodles, but it is different now and people tend to give things like soap or towels or nothing at all. T: 6 (have) one tradition that you particularly remember?
Did you use to doWould/ used to follow Moved Visited Would/ used to give Did you use to have Ex.3/8
Yoko: Yes, one tradition that I 7 (really/like) was in the spring when the cherry blossoms were out. As a family, we 8 (go) into the countryside and we 9 (spend) the day eating, drinking and singing. One year my father 10 (take) a lovely photo of me and my sisters and I still keep that picture on my wall todayT: And 11 (you/ have to) do anything you didnt like?Yoko: Yes, I remember how we 12 (have to) clean the house thoroughly. This ceremony is called Osoji and my sisters and I 13 . (not/ look forward to) it very much!used to really like Used to/ would goUsed to/ would spend Took Did you use to have to Used to have to Didnt use to look forward to
3. .4. .5. .6. .7. .8. .
Used to goNoticed Realized Was snowing Ex.4/9
9. .10. .11. .12. .13. .14. .15. .16. .
Skidded Phoned Stopped Came
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