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LGBTQ Health 101 4/7/2017
Dr. Tony Mangubat, tony@mangubat.com 1
Understanding Top Surgery: The Art, the Math and the Results
Copy of Lecture Available
E. Antonio Mangubat, MD
Seattle, WA
tony@mangubat.com
LGBTQ Health 101 4/7/2017
Dr. Tony Mangubat, tony@mangubat.com 2
DISCLOSURE OF
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
E. Antonio Mangubat, MD
NONE
LGBTQ Health 101 4/7/2017
Dr. Tony Mangubat, tony@mangubat.com 3
Introduction
• Trans Continuum
• Aesthetics of Gender Recognition
• Art & science of chest reconstruction
• Preparation for surgery
• FTM procedure spectrum
• Post-Op Care
• Complications
LGBTQ Health 101 4/7/2017
Dr. Tony Mangubat, tony@mangubat.com 4
Common Questions
• What are your pre-operative instructions
for chest surgery?
• What’s the need for preop hormone
cessation?
• What is the expected recovery time?
• How does the PCP handle common
complications?
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Dr. Tony Mangubat, tony@mangubat.com 5
WARNING!!
• By the nature of this surgical lecture,
explicit nude photographs will be
presented.
• Some of the images and/or videos of
surgery contain bloody surgical images.
• TG surgical lectures tend to focus on the
binary….but be assured gender
nonconforming patients are considered
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The Trans Continuum
• There’s no one way or right way to transition.
• Our responsibility: help our patients find their
place on the Trans Continuum
• Physical transition may not include surgery.
• Many trans wish only to blend-in.
• Passing for identified gender is Critical
Safety issue.
– 6 trans women murdered in first 6 weeks of
2015!
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FTM Gender Affirming SurgeriesSpectrum
• Bilateral Mastectomy (Top surgery)
• Hysterectomy/Oophorectomy
• GRS/SRS: (Bottom surgery)
–Metoidioplasty
–Phalloplasty
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Pre-Op ConsiderationsPreparing for surgery
• Understand:
– your procedure
– your doctor
– each other
• Informed consent
• Risks and complications
• Achieving goals requires explicit
communications.
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Gender- Affirming Surgeries
• This is permanent!
• Consider sperm banking/egg harvesting
• Most patients have started counseling,
informed consents, and hormones
• Informed consent is mandatory
• Letters from therapists are required for
genital surgeries
• Insurance coverage, co-pays changing
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Pre-Op Considerations Optimizing Health
• Address current medical issues
• Age appropriate health maintenance:
– mammogram
– colonoscopy
• NO SMOKING!!!
• Weight limits: BMI > 32 increases risks
• Support system (sometimes, the “neo-family”)
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Pre-Op Considerations Specifics
• Stopping hormones – Estrogen stopped at least 2 weeks preop
– Testosterone, maybe
• No ASA for ten days prior to surgery
• DVT/PE precautions– Risk factors
– Prophylaxis
• Many common medications can increase bleeding– Aspirin
– Ibuprofen
– Fish oil
– B Vitamins
– Don’t stop any medication without doctor’s order
• Practical support systems:– Work
– Travel
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Pre-Op ConsiderationsList of Meds to Avoid (incomplete)
• 4-Way Cold TabletsAscriptinAscriptin with CodeineAdvilAleveAlka-SeltzerAnacinAnaproxArthopan LiquidASA and CodeineAsprinAscriptinAspergumBayerBC Tablets and powderBromo-SeltzerBufferinBufferin with Codeine #3Cama Arthritis Pain RelieverClinorilCongesprin Chewable TabletsCope TabletsCoricidin "D" Congestant TabletsCoricidinCoumadinDarvon with ASADarvon CompoundDisalcidDoan's PillsDolobidDri
• DuragesicEasprinECOTRINEmpirinEmperin with CodeineEquagesic
• Excedrin
Feldene
Fenoprofen
Florinal Tablets
Florinal with Codeine
Ibuprofen
Indocin
Indomethasin
Lodine
Micrainin
Midol
Motrin
Nalfon
Naprosyn (Naproxen)
Norgesic and Norgesic Forte
Nuprin
Nyquil
Nytol
Orudis
Oxycodone
Pamprin
Percodan
Persantine
Phenaphene
Propoxyphene
Robaxisal
Synalgos - DC Capsules
Talwin
Trilisate
Zorpin
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Pre-Op ConsiderationsWhat can you take?
• Tylenol
• Your regular prescriptions that are
cleared by your doctor
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Other Pre-Op Considerations• Electrolysis
– FFS: Stop 4 weeks prior and 6 weeks after
– Pre-op scrotum/penile shaft for MTF GRS: Stop
3 weeks prior
• Weight limits (examples)
– Obesity lengthens surgery & increases risk
– FFS: 200 lbs (Ousterhout)
– GRS: 210 lbs (Bowers)
– Top Surgery-FTM / BA-MTF: ?
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Pre-Op Considerations
• Approximate Costs (Self Pay examples)
– FFS (The works): $25,000 - $47,000
– GRS MTF: $19,000 - $26,000
– GRS Metoidioplasty: $20,000
– GRS Phalloplasty: $50,000 - $75,000
– Breast Augmentation: $5,000 - $7,000
– Top Surgery FTM: $6,000 - $12,000
– Electrolysis:$60/hrx100-600 hrs=36000
– Laser Hair Removal: Per body part
• ~$1800 for 6 Tx genitals pre GRS
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Aesthetics
• “[You] can’t define it, but you know it when
it walks into the room” --Aaron Spelling
• Greek mathematics of ideal aesthetics
• Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)
– Anatomic studies
– Proportions of human anatomy
– Vitruvian Man
16
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Gender AestheticsMasculine vs. Feminine
• Body shape
– Male straight / boxy
– Female curve
• Facial shape
– Male square
– Female triangular/heart shaped
• Imaging Demo
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Greek “Golden” Proportion Rectangle Triangle Pentagram
AB/BC = BC/AC
Greek Facial Aesthetics
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How to Learn Aesthetics
• Art class
• Hard work
• Passion for excellence
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Top Surgery in FTMWhat is Chest Reconstruction?
• Chest masculinization
– Making a male chest
– Removing female shape
– Not complete removal of breast tissue
– Not for cancer treatment
• Gender Identity
– FTM
– Gender Queer
– Gender Fluidity – NOT recommended
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Chest ReconstructionTechnique
• Tumescent infusion advantages– Less pain
– Less bruising
– Less drain time
– Less bleeding
• Double incision, most common– Larger breasts
– Excess skin
– Sagging breast
– Longer incision, greater potential for scarring
• Key hole, least common– Small breast
– No sag
– Small nipples in good position
– Short incision, minimal scars
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AestheticsChest Reconstruction
• Study the human form
• Critical proportions
• Every person is different
• Model after existing anatomy
• Body builders give excellent clues
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Proposed Classification FtM Chest AnatomyGrade I
• Minimal gland
• NAC of appropriate size & positioned
• NAC appropriate level w/o ptosis
• Procedure: Keyhole
Grade III
• Larger breast gland
• Significant ptosis
• Excess skin with poor elasticity
• Procedure: DI Mastectomy
Grade IV
• Large gland with significant ptosis
• Excess adjacent tissue requiring excision
• Procedure: DI Mastectomy + back lift + liposuction
Grade II
• Mild to moderate gland size
• Large low NAC w/ adequate skin elasticity
• Procedure: Keyhole, unlikely;
• Probably double incision mastectomy
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Personal Aesthetic GuidelinesChest Reconstruction
• Tissue above nipple is masculine– Should be sculpted
– Avoid the emptiness of complete removal
• Tissue below nipple is feminine
• Liposuction should be used to sculpt chest
• Loose skin must be removed
• Chest reconstruction conceptually is:
– NOT a breast reduction
– Creation of a masculine chest
• ANATOMY EXAM CRITICAL
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6/26/2014
Feminine
Fat Pads
Masculine to be sculpted
Feminine to be removed
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6/26/2014
Feminine
Fat Pad
Masculine to be sculpted
Feminine to be removed
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6/26/2014
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6/26/2014
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6/26/2014
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Chest Reconstruction Video
Warning – surgery details
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• Time-lapse sequence
• “Finding Kim”
• Full length feature film
• Seattle International Film Festival
• Benefits our Trans-Community
• No financial interest
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Finding KimI Have NO Financial Interest
• Uplifting film presenting the gender
spectrum challenges
• Three Dollar Cinema Film Festival
• Supportive of the trans community
• Spring May 4-17, 2017
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7/22/2014
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6/26/2014
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Deviation From Guidelines
• Produces suboptimal results or
• Can produce odd looking results
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PreOp
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4/30/2014
Post-Op
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5/8/2014
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5/21/2014
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5/8/2014
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7/28/2014
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6/29/2015
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How to Learn Aesthetics
• Art class
• Hard work
• Passion for excellence
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Post-Operative Considerations
“Major vs. Minor Surgery Depends on Which Side
of the Mask You’re On!”
-Linda’s PCP
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Complications
• Bleeding
• Scarring
• Infection
• Cosmetic deformity, unnatural look
• PE/DVT
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Postop Challenges
• Racial/Ethnic groups respond differently to surgical and medical treatments
• Scarring– Wide scars
– Hypertrophic scars
– Keloids scars
• Dischromia-color irregularities
– Hyperpigmentation-darker color
– Hypopigmentation-lighter color
• Not knowing before surgery
• More visible for longer time
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Postoperative Scarring
• Most scars fade over time without treatment
• Wide scars often need revision
• Enlarged (hypertrophic) scars
– Mederma, Cimeosil, Scarguard
– Silicone gel sheets
• Keloid scars are special
– Act like a cancer and continue to grow
– Difficult to control
– Identify and treat early
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Post-Op Tips for the PCP
• See patients postop ASAP
• They’ll tell you things they will not tell their
surgeon
• Focus on rest, nutrition (protein and fluids!)
• Depression is common; ask about it
• ALL surgeries carry risk
• Some surgeries are characteristically
exhausting, long recovery time (FFS)
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Post-operative ConsiderationsChest Reconstruction
• Chest reconstruction Recovery: 7days-2 weeks off
work
• Bleeding & Hematomas: uncommon but not zero
• Ischemia & Necrosis: very uncommon
• Infections-redness and swelling. Typically soft
tissue requiring antibiotics
• Hormones-Skip one testosterone dose
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Warnings for DVT/PE
DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)
• Swelling in leg
• Tender lump in leg
• Tender “cord in leg”
• Tightness in one leg
• Pain with walking
because of above
PE (Pulmonary Embolism)
• Pain at the “peak” of each breath
• Chest pain
• Upper abdominal pain*
• Shortness of breath
• Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
• Dizziness/agitation
*Think gall bladder also!
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Summary
• Surgery is a partnership– Doctor responsibilities
– Patient responsibilities
• Respect
– Goals
– Points of view
• Education
– Many procedures
– Each are unique
– Know what you are asking for
– Understand how to achieve it
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QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS
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THANK YOU!
Understanding Top Surgery: The Art, the Math and the Results
Copy of Lecture Available
E. Antonio Mangubat, MD
Seattle, WA
tony@mangubat.com
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