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Uncommon Cases with
Common Lessons
John A. McGreal Jr., O.D.
Missouri Eye Associates
St. Louis, MO
Case of The “Lost My
Monovision!”
77yowf CC: “Can’t read!”
HPI: 1 D duration / intermittent loss, altitudinal,
preceded episode / painless / OD
Meds: Amiodarone, ASA, Coumadin, Cartia, Zoloft,
Advil, Singulair, Cozaar, Norvasc
ROS: 190 lbs, recent Spinal surgery (L3-5),
planned shoulder (rotator cuff) surgery, Monovision
BVA: 20/60 OD 20/20 OS PERRL + APD
EOM: Full EXT: NL
SLE: ACIOL OD, PCIOL OS Blurred optic disc
margin OD, otherwise NL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Idiopathic optic neuritis
2. Ischemic optic neuropathy
3. Burried drusen
4. Papilledema
5. Cerebral vascular accident
What eye test would you order
now?
1. Pachymetry
2. Visual fields
3. SCODI
4. ERG
5. IVFA / Photo
What other testing is
indicated?
1. CBC with differential
2. Brain MRI
3. C-reactive protein
4. ESR
Tests results
1. Visual field = Mild central defect OD,
normal OS
2. ESR = 17mm/Hr
Reference 0-20mm/Hr
3. C-reactive protein = 0.899mg/L
Reference 0.000-3.0mg/L
What should you do now?
1. Start Prednisone
2. Order biopsy of superficial temporal artery
3. Retina consult
4. Follow conservatively for NAION
Case of The “Graduation”
83yowf from Memphis, TN CC: “Skim on my eye,
then it went black!”
HPI: 1 D duration / intermittent loss, altitudinal,
preceded episode / painless / OD
Meds: HCTZ, meclizine, centrum, naproxen
ROS: 115lbs, HA, stiffness
BVA: NLP OD 20/30 OS PERRL + APD
EOM: Full EXT: NL
SLE: PCIOL OD NS 2 OS Fundi: OD
Blurred optic disc margin, otherwise NL
What is the likely
diagnosis?
1. Idiopathic optic neuritis
2. Ischemic optic neuropathy
3. Burried drusen
4. Papilledema
5. Cerbral vascular accident
What eye test would you order
now?
1. Pachymetry
2. Visual fields
3. SCODI
4. ERG
What other testing is
indicated?
1. CBC with differential
2. Brain MRI
3. C-reactive protein
4. ESR
Tests results
1. Visual field = absolute defect OD, normal
OS
2. ESR = 44mm/Hr
Reference 0-20mm/Hr
3. C-reactive protein = 0.158mg/L
Reference 0.000-3.0mg/L
What should you do now?
1. Start Prednisone
2. Order biopsy of superficial temporal artery
3. Retina consult
4. Relocate to Memphis
Tests results
1. C-reactive protein = 27.5mg/L
Reference 0.000-3.0mg/L
Corrected C-reactive protein test delivered
by mail five days later!
What should you do now?
1. Quit !
2. Ask the lawyer who sues you to sue the
lab too!
3. Be certain all doctors know the results
4. Relocate to another country
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – Anterior ischemic
optic neuropathy, Giant cell arteritis, CVA,
NAION
Additional Testing – STAT ESR, CRP, STA
Biopsy +/-
Diagnosis – AION, GCA
Treatment Plan – Prednisone 60mg PO qd,
chronic care with internist or neurologist
Case of “I Want Chalazion
Removed”
55yowf CC: “OD dx chalazion”
Pupils: PERRLA-MG
Meds: Premarin, Zocor, HCTZ
VA 20/30 OU
IOP: 16/17
SLE: Lid lesion E2 OS Fundus : NL
What is the best option now?
1. Remove chalazion with I&D
2. Intralesional kenalog injection
3. Biopsy
4. Oral antiobiosis and hot packs
Case of “I Have A Peculiar
Nerve”
45yowm CC: “OD wants R/O Papilledema”, Indistinct optic discs, IOP 20-25 range,pach 637
PH: Hodgkin’s disease, R hip replacement, 3 vessel CABG, HTN, Hyperlipidemia
FH: + POAG paternal aunt
Meds: Darvocet, Amitryptilline, nitrate, isosorbide, norvasc,toprol, plavix, lipitor, ASA
VA 20/20 OU PERRL-APD
IOP: 26/23 Pach: 639
SLE: Nl OU Fundus : As shown
What is the diagnosis?
1. Normal optic nerves
2. Papilledema
3. Optic nerve drusen
4. Ocular histoplasmosis
5. Choroidal nevus
What is tests are indicated?
1. VF / Pach / SCODI / Stereo disc photos
2. MRI
3. MRI / VF
4. Histoplasmosis titres
5. IVFA / VF
Case of “I Have A Peculiar
Nerve”
45yowm CC: “OD wants R/O Papilledema”,
DCT OD: 24.9 / OPA 4.4 / Q3
DCT OS: 23.1 / OPA 3.8 / Q3
SLE: Nl OU Fundus : As prev
VF OD: Superior and inferior nasal defects
VF OS: minor changes
SCODI: Confirms disc elevation limited to
disc itself
Case of “I Lost Vision Last
Night!”
35yowm CC: “Lost vision last night”
Pupils: PERRLA+MG
Meds: Glucophage for 3 years
VA 20/20 OD, HM OS
IOP: 17/18
SLE: Nl OU Fundus : As shown
What is the diagnosis?
1. Macular twig venous occlusion
2. Birdshot retinochoroidopathy
3. Hypercholesterolemia (retinal lipidemia)
4. CRAO
What is the best test to order?
1. IVFA
2. Carotid artery ultrasound
3. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG
4. Blood pressure
What is the best option now?
1. Breathe into a bag, massage globe
2. Anterior chamber paracentesis
3. Topical antiglaucoma agents
4. Thrombolytic therapy
Case of “Black Outs”
35yobm CC: “Lost vision last night”
Pupils: PERRLA-MG
Meds: Glucophage for 2 years
VA 20/20 OD, 20/25 OS
IOP: 19/19
SLE: Nl OU Fundus : As shown
What is the diagnosis?
Papilledema
Drusen of optic nerve
Bilateral optic neuritis
Ischemic optic neuropathy
Assessment / Plan
Order VF
Order Fundus photo
Order RTA
Order BP
Assessment / Plan
Probable pseudotumor cerebri
Must rule out mass lesion
MRI of brain and orbit
Must confirm elevated CSF
Lumbar puncture
Anomalous discs are diagnosis of
exclusion with burried drusen likely
cause
Case of The “Pink” Eye
17yobm CC: “Pink-eyes”
HPI: 3 W duration / getting worse / painful
Meds: Ilotycin Trauma: None NKDA
BVA: 20/30 OU PERRL No APD
EOM: Full EXT: Raised Red Rash-Neck
SLE: Cell & Flare 3+ OU Fundi:WNL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Sarcoidosis
2. Tuberculosis
3. Syphilis
4. Idiopathic uveitis
What tests would you order?
1. Chest x-ray
2. RPR/VDRL
3. PPD
4. HLA B-27
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis-idiopathic uveitis,
sarcoid, TB, syphilis, Lyme, AS/Reiters, HIV
Additional Testing-ANA, RPR/VDRL, HLAB-
27, PPD, CXR, titers, HIV?
Diagnosis-Syphilis (stage 2), AIDS
Treatment Plan-Ceftriaxone IM, start NRTI
and Protease Inhibitors
Case of “Beat by an Aussie”
14yowf CC: “Eye pain”
HPI: OD / Sudden / Pain / Moderate /
Worsening / MG Jaw-Wink Syndrome /
Frontalis suspension / No Contacts
Meds: None Trauma: None NKDA
BVA: 20/100 OD PERRL No APD EOM:
Full EXT: Inject 2
SLE: Midcentral epi defect, endothelial
ring, peripheral lesion, AC D&Q
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Disciform keratitis
2. Acanthameba
3. Bacterial keratitis
4. Marginal sterile infiltrate
What additional tests
would you order?
1. Culture and sensitivity
2. Biopsy
3. None; begin topical therapy
4. None: get a consult
What treatment would you
prescribe?
1. Topical fluoroquinolone
2. Tobramycin & cephazolin (fortified)
3. Tobramycin/Dexamethasone
4. Bacitracin ointment
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis-bacterial keratitis,
infiltrative keratitis, acanthomeba, HSV,
disciform keratitis, interstitial keratitis
Additional Testing-culture/sensitivity
Diagnosis-Kingella kingae keratitis
Treatment Plan-Fortified tobramycin &
cefazolin q1h alternately.
Protection/lubrication of the ocular surface
Case of “Zoster Mystery”
25yobm CC: “HA, Blurred vision”
HPI: Vesicles / 1Wk / V1-R / floaters and
decreased VA X 4D / OD / Worsening
Meds: Acyclovir Trauma: None NKDA
BVA: 20/100 OD 20/20 OS PERRL No
APD EOM: Full EXT: VZV
SLE: Ant uveitis OD Fundi: 360 RD,
retinal vasculitis OD
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Cytomegalovirus retinitis
2. Acute retinal necrosis
3. Non-rhegmatogenous RD
4. Ocular ischemic syndrome
Who is the appropriate
consultant?
1. Infectious disease
2. Neurologist
3. Retina
4. Dermatologist
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis-VZV, AIDS/HIV, RD
(rhegm vs non-rhegm), CMV, ARN
Additional Testing-HIV, CBC/Diff, PE
Diagnosis-HIV, VZV dermatitis, ARN
Treatment Plan-Acyclovir IV, PPV, Silicone
oil, low vision support and continued care
with PCP for AIDS
Case of The “Tough” Guy
34yobm CC: “Swollen eye”
HPI: 4 D duration / getting worse / painful
Meds: None Trauma: None NKDA
BVA: 20/20 OU PERRL No APD
EOM: Full EXT: Erythema-ocular/facial
SLE: WNL Fundi: WNL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Allergic blepharitis
2. Preceptal cellulitis
3. Trichinosis
4. Sinusitis
What tests would you order?
1. MRI of maxillary sinus
2. Temperature
3. Blood cultures
4. CBC with differential
What is the best treatment?
1. Tetracycline 250mg PO qid
2. Augmentin 500mg PO bid
3. Bacitracin ointment qid
4. Prednisone 20mg PO qd
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis - cellulitis, sinusitis,
allergy, orbital cellulitis
Additional Testing - Temperature, warm to
touch, sore, further history
Diagnosis - preceptal/facial cellulitis
Treatment Plan
Keflex 250mg po qid, loading dose
warm compresses
RTO 24h
Preceptal Cellulitis
Skin/skin structure infection
Staph/strep-adults H.flu-children
Contiguous structure infection
hordeolum, dacryocystitis, trauma, sinusitus
Trauma cases-Tetanus toxoid
Clinical-pain, tenderness, erythema,
fever+/-
Pearl: temperature on first and
second visit!
Antimicrobial Therapy - Oral
Penicillins
Dicloxacillin 500mg qid
Amoxicillin/Clav (Augmentin 500mg, 850mg bid)
Cephalosporins
Cephalexin (Keflex 250mg qid)
Cefaclor (Ceclor 250mg tid)
Cefadroxil (Duracef 1000mg qd)
Cefixime (Suprax 400mg qd)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin 1g IM)
Antimicrobial Therapy - Oral
Macrolide
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate (EES 400mg
qid)
Erythromycin Particles (PCE 333mg tid)
Erythromycin Delayed (ERYC 250mg qid)
Clarithromycin (Biaxin 250mg bid x 7 D)
Azithromycin (Zithromax Z-Pak, Tri-Pak)
ZPak500mg qd-Day 1, 250mg qd-Day 2-5
TriPak 500mg qd x 3D
12mg / kg / Day X 5 Days (Pediatric)
The “Sick Little Boy”
10yowm CC: “uveitis”
HPI: 10 D duration / OD>OS / getting better
Meds: PF qid, HA qid, vancenase, Zantac
BVA: 20/20 OU EOM: Full EXT: NL
SLE: C&F +1OU Posterior synechia OD
Fundi: Disc edema OD
ROS: Abdominal CT + inguinal adenopathy,
L hip pain, Tick bite scalp 11mos, 25 lb
weight loss in 2 months, cat scratch
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Papilledema
2. Uveitis
3. Lyme disease
4. Uveitis with systemic etiology
What tests would you order?
1. PE, RPR, PPD, HIV, Lyme, ANA, ACE
2. PE, Lyme, ESR, CBC/Diff, HLA-B27,
ANA
3. MRI of brain
4. Fluorescein angiography
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – Lyme, Syphilis, Lupus, JRA, Reiters /AS, Sarcoid, TB, Lymphoma / CA, Cat scratch, Mass lesion of brain, Chrones
Additional Testing –MRI, VF, Bartonella, endoscopy of esophagus, colonoscpy, ESR
Diagnosis - ?????? Probably cat scratch
Treatment Plan – PF & HA, tapered, observation by us and…
Pediatrics
Gastroenterology
Case of “Doc, I See Double”
57yobm CC: “Double vision”
HPI: OU / 3 D duration / Stable / not painful /
Horizontal
Past H: Colon cancer / surgery / radiation /
Chemo Meds: Multiple Trauma: None
NKDA BVA: 20/30 OU PERRL No
APD
EOM: R Adduction deficit, L Jerky
nystagmus
SLE: NS OU Fundus : NL
What is the diagnosis?
1. Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
2. Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
3. Duanes Retraction Syndrome
4. CN 3 Palsy
What is the best next step?
1. ESR
2. Neuro-ophthalmology consult
3. Neurology consult
4. MRI of head
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis - CN 3P, CN 6P, INO, Decompensating heterophoria
Additional Testing-old photos
Diagnosis-R INO, metastasis of colon CA
Lesion- R MLF
Treatment Plan- MRI, Neurology / Neurosurgery, Oncology, PCP, monocular occlusion
Case of “Exotopia”
Age: 2yowm CC: R/O strabismus
HPI: OD / 4mos / constant / severe
Meds: none
BVA: No Fix or follow Pupils: PERRL-APD
EOM: L XT 45 EXT: NL
SLE: NL
IOP: Soft
Fundi: ON abnormal OS
PFSH & ROS: NL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Coloboma optic nerve entrance
2. Morning glory syndrome
3. Retinal detachment
4. Cavernous hemangioma
What tests would you order?
1. PE
2. MRA brain and orbits
3. EUA
4. IVFA
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – morning glory, retinal hemangioma, ON coloboma
Additional Testing – PE family members, eye examination family members
Diagnosis – cavernous hemangioma retina, strabismus, amblyopia
Treatment Plan – external plaque radiation, EOM surgery, patching treatment
Case of “Retinal Abrasion”
Age: 19yowm CC: Floaters
HPI: OD / 3wks / constant / worsening since corneal abrasion
Meds: none
BVA: 20/20 OU Pupils: PERRL EOM:NL EXT: NL
SLE: small corneal defect / haze at limbus
IOP: 18/16
Fundi: As shown
PFSH & ROS: NL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Old CA with residual edema
2. Intraocular foreign body
3. Toxocara canis
4. Vitreous condensation
What tests would you order?
1. Ultrasound
2. Orbital CT
3. VF
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – Old CA, retinal IOFB, primary retinal pathology
Additional Testing – US, Photograhy, VF
Diagnosis - IOFB
Treatment Plan – pars plana vitrectomy, FB removal, intravitreal antibiotics
Case of “Woke Up Blind!”
Age: 19yobf CC: decrease VA
HPI: OU / rapid / severe / worsening
Meds: plaquenil 400mg, lopressor
BVA: CF OU Pupils:PERRL-APD EOM:NL EXT: NL
SLE: NL
IOP:16/16
Fundi: as shown
PFSH & ROS: SLE x 3yrs, ischemic necrosis of hip secondary to corticodteroids
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Diabetic retinopathy
2. Hypertensive retinopathy
3. Retinal vaculitis
4. Bilateral CRVO
What tests would you order?
1. BP
2. ESR
3. ANA
4. VF
5. Photo
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – SLE with retinal vasculitits, HTN and retinopathy, DM and retinopathy, hyperviscosity states
Additional Testing – IVFA, photos, ESR, ANA, C-reactive protein, VF
Diagnosis – SLE and retinal vasculitis
Treatment Plan – IV corticosteroids, rheumatology consult, retina consult
Case of the “Blue Freckle”
Age: 34yobm CC: blurred vision
HPI: OS / 1 yr / stable / constant
Meds: none
BVA: 20/20 OU Pupils: PERRL-APD EOM:
full EXT: pigmented lesions of face
SLE: pigmented lesions of the sclera
IOP: 19/29
Fundi: deeper retinal/choroidal pigmented
PFSH & ROS: NL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Nevus flammeus
2. Nevus of Ota
3. Sturge-Weber
4. POAG
What tests would you order?
1. Old photos
2. VF
3. Scanning lasers
4. Gonioscopy
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – Sturge-Weber,
Nevus Ota, Nevus flammeus, OAG
Additional Testing – VF, GDx/HRT, Gonio
Diagnosis – Nevus of Ota, OAG OD
Treatment Plan – Photodocument, blue tint
spectacles, Timoptic 0.5%XE qd OS
The “Headache” Lady
45yowf CC: “HA, Blurred vision”
HPI: Sudden / Explosive / Constant HA
Lower Extremity Amputee / Tracheotomy
Meds: None Trauma: None NKDA
BVA: 20/40 OD 20/20 OS PERRL No
APD EOM: Full EXT: WNL
SLE: WNL Fundi: Globular Sub-Hyaloid
Hemorrhage OD
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Valsalva retinopathy
2. Terson’s syndrome
3. Diabetic retinopathy
4. Vitreous hemorrhage
What tests would you order?
1. MRI of the brain
2. Lumbar puncture
3. Fundus photography
4. Random blood glucose
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis-Drance hemorrhage,
CNVM, migraine, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Additional Testing-MRI/MRA, lumbar
puncture+/-, pupillary testing, physical
examination (neurology)
Diagnosis
ICA/SAH Terson’s Syndrome
You Make The Call
Treatment
STAT admission/high mortality & morbidity
Oxygenation
Sedatives
Control of blood pressure
Monitor cerebral edema
Surgery +/-
endovascular ballons, “clipping” of aneurisms
ICA / SAH
Neurological/Neurosurgical emergency
Prodromal sentinel signs common
Rapid onset of pain/HA, nuchal rigidity, loss
of consciousness, loss of sight, obtundation,
death
Survivors-mild /severe cognitive impairment
Case of The “Football” Kid
14yobm CC: ”Loss of Vision”
HPI: OS / Sudden / Painless / Rapid
Growth / Enlarging face & hands
Meds: None Trauma: None NKDA
BVA: 20/20 OD 20/60 OS PERRL No
APD EOM: Full EXT:
Moon Face, Buffalo Hump
SLE: WNL Fundi: WNL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1. Acromegaly
2. Pituitary adenoma
3. Optic nerve glioma
4. Optic neuritis
What tests would you order?
1. Visual fields
2. MRI of the brain
3. VER
4. Cortisol
What is the best treatment?
1. Trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy
2. IV methylprednisolone
3. Radiation of the chiasm
4. Monitor over time
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis-Chiasmal tumor, optic
nerve disease, Acromegaly, Cushings
Syndrome, pheochromocytoma
Additional Testing-ACTH/cortisol, MRI, Visual
fields, red cap, growth hormone, BP
Diagnosis-Pituitary adenoma
Treatment Plan-Neurosurgery consultation
Pituitary Adenomas
Macrocytic/microcytic
Hormone secretion varieties
Prolactin, GH, ACTH
Bromocryptine (Parlodel)
Surgical approach -trans-sphenoidal
Case of “Nevus”
34yowf CC: “Freckle in my eye”
HPI: OD / 2 wks duration / Lasik OU 1 wk
Meds: Allopurinol NKDA
BVA: 20/15 OU PERRL No APD
EOM: Full EXT: W&Q
SLE: Flaps OU IOP: soft OU
Fundus: as pictured
What is the likely
diagnosis?
1. Epiretinal membrane
2. Congenital hypertrophy of RPE
3. Macular drusen
4. Choroidal osteoma
5. Benign choroidal nevus
6. Malignant melanoma
What eye test would you order
now?
1. IVFA
2. Visual fields
3. SCODI
4. B scan ultrasound
What is the best course now?
1. Retina consult
2. Ocular Oncology
3. PCP
4. LASIK retreatment
5. Retire; I can’t take another day of this
Case of Wife Made Me Do It”
Age: 67yoWM CC: “discharge” SH: wife just had cat surg and thinks husband needs it too
HPI: OS / few weeks / Mild / worsening
Meds: none Allergy: Codeine
VA: 20/80 OD, 20/100 OS Pupils:PERRL-APD EOM:NL EXT: NL
SLE: NS+2 OU, inject+2 OU, poor tear qual
IOP:14/14
Fundi: as shown
PFSH & ROS: Smoker 2ppd, Spec Rx NVO
What are the diagnostic
problems?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What tests would you order?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What Is Your Treatment Plan?
1.
2.
3.
4.
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – HTN/hypertensive retinopathy, venous stasis, hyperviscosity, Glaucoma, atherosclerosis/hypercholesterolemia
Additional Testing – IVFA, photos, Lipid profiles, BP, Carotid auscultation/US, Nuclear stress test, cardiac catheterization,
Diagnosis – Impending Central Retinal vein Occlusion OS, CAD, PVD, HTN, Hypercholesterolemia, Cataracts, Allergic conjunctivitis, Dry eyes
Treatment Plan – Diovan, Toprol, Cardiac angioplasty, ASA, Plavix and may have lower extremity surgery later. Close observation of retina status, watch for glaucoma. Cataract surgery later.
Case of Wife Made Me Do It”
Age: 67yoWM CC: “Blur”
HPI: OS / few weeks / Mild / improving
Meds: Toprol,Diovan,ASA,Plavix, Patanol, Systane Allergy: Codeine
VA: 20/25 OD, 20/30 OS Pupils:PERRL-APD EOM:NL EXT: NL
SLE: NS+2 OU, improved tear quality
IOP:15/15
Fundi: as shown
PFSH & ROS: Smoker 4 cigs/D
Case of “Light Sensitive”
Age: 15 yowf CC: “Lights hurt”
HPI: OS / 2D / worsening / severe
Meds: none OcHx: Accuvue SCL denies sleeping in lens, Renu
VAsRx: OD 20/100, OS LP Pupils: PERRL-APD EOM: full EXT: injected, ptosis
SLE: as pictured
IOP: not done
Fundi: not viewed
PFSH & ROS: NL
What is the likely diagnosis?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What tests would you order?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What Is Your Treatment Plan?
1.
2.
3.
4.
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – bacterial keratitis, fungal keratitis, acanthameba keratitis, foreign body, hypopion uveitis
Additional Testing – culture/sensivity
Diagnosis – bacterial keratitis
Treatment Plan – moxifloxacin q2h, close watch
Case of “High pressure”
Age: 55 yowf CC: “High pressure”
HPI: OD / 2mos / worsening / severe
Meds: atenolol, gabapetin OcHx: OD blurry for 4-6mos
VAsRx: OD HM, OS 20/30 Pupils: PERRL+APD EOM: full EXT: Nl
SLE: as pictured
IOP: 37/14
Fundi: as pictured, CDR 0.7/.1
PFSH & ROS: HTN, Post-herpetic neuralgia (chest & back) x 3 yrs
What is the likely diagnosis?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What tests would you order?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What Is Your Treatment Plan?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – glaucoma, hyphema, cataract, neovascularization of iris, venous stasis/occlusion
Additional Testing – anterior & posterior segment photography, gonioscopy, scanning laser, carotid artery auscultation, IVFA, BP
Diagnosis – Neovascular glaucoma, vein occlusion
Treatment Plan – Cosopt bid, xalatan qhs, schedule glaucoma tube shunt surgery, retina for photocoagulation and VEGF
Case of the “Bump”
Age: 45 yowf CC: “Bump”
HPI: OD / 5mos / worsening / Mild
Meds: none OcHx: RCE OS/PTK 5yrs ago, Dry eye symptoms OS – artificial tears frequently, inferior punctal plugs 4 years ago
VA: OD 20/15 (SCL), OS 20/20 Pupils: PERRL-APD EOM: full EXT: punctal lesion
SLE: as pictured
IOP: 16/13
Fundi: CDR 0.2/0.2
PFSH & ROS: Zoloft
What is the likely diagnosis?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What Would You Do Next?
1.
2.
3.
4.
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Testing
Diagnosis
Treatment Plan
You Make The Call
Differential Diagnosis – chalazion, molluscum, verruca, sebaceous gland carcinoma, pyogenic granuloma
Additional Testing – anterior segment photodocument
Diagnosis – pyogenic granuloma (punctal plug)
Treatment Plan - excision
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