Ultra-Capacitors€¦ · •Maxwell Ultracapacitor System Solution • SDG&E completing site...

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Ultra-CapacitorsState Of The Art And Future Trends

May 2017

Jan-Hendrik Ernst –Application Engineering Manager

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Maxwell Technologies

Founded 1965; IPO – 1983 (NASDAQ: MXWL)

Corporate Headquarters: San Diego, California

370 employees worldwide

Design, Manufacturing: United States, Switzerland, China

2017 Acquisition of NESSCAP Energy

Overview

Target Markets

Business Highlights & Markets

A U T O T R U C KB U S W I N D G . E . S .R A I L

GridTransportation HV

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USA:

Maxwell Technologies, Inc.Global HQ & Technology Center

San Diego, CA

USA:Maxwell Technologies, Inc.

Electrode Manufacturing

Phoenix, AZ (Opened 2013)

SWITZERLANDMaxwell Technologies SA

Rossens

GERMANYMaxwell Technologies GmbH

Munich

CHINAContract Manufacturer

Shenzhen

CHINAMaxwell Technologies

Shanghai Trading Co., Ltd

CHINAContract Manufacturer

Tianjin

KOREAMaxwell Technologies Korea

Co., Ltd

TAIWANContract Manufacturer

Taichung

Electrode Manufacturing Sales, Engineering, Marketing Cell & Module Manufacturing

Maxwell Technologies – A Global Force

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• High Power, Fast Charge & Discharge (sub-seconds)

• Long lifetime >500,000 cycles

• Scalable from W to MW

• Wide operating temperature (- 40oC to 65oC)

• No chemical but electrostatic process

Ultra-Capacitor Properties

Ultracapacitors are high power, ultrafast response devices

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The basic material to make ultracapacitors is carbon from a

sustainable source: coconuts

Grind

Activation

Maxwell Electrode

• Coating• Rolling• Kneading• Pasting

Charred Carbon Activated Carbon

Dry and chip shells

Maxwell Ultracapacitors

• Insert• Impregnate• Seal

What is an Ultracapacitor (UCAP)?

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Ultra-Capacitor Technology

Ultra-Capacitors (a.k.a. Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors, Supercapacitors)

Capacitance ≈ Surface Area

Separation Distance

An electronic charge accumulator having extreme

capacitor plate specific area and atomic scale charge

separation distance

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Comparing Ultra-Capacitors With Other Storage Types

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

10 100 1000 10000

En

erg

y D

en

sit

y/[W

h/k

g]

Power Density/[W/kg]

MAXWELL Ultracapacitors

0.5 seconds

ConventionalCapacitor

.03 seconds

Lithium

Battery

1 hourLead Acid

Battery

Ni-Cad

Battery

10 hours

Ultra-Capacitors have high power density (charge/discharge rate), expressed as watts per kilogram.

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Maxwell Products

Cells (W)

Ultra High Capacity

• 1 – 3400 F capacitance range

• Cells available at

• 2.7 Volt

• 2.85 Volt

• 3 Volt

• Specific Power = 8500 W/kg,

• Specific Energy = 7.7Wh/kg

Modules (kW)

Easy Integration

• Application specific, from 12V to 160V

• Configurations to integrate into racks

and subsystems

• Integrated Monitoring and Balancing

Systems (kW-MW)

Multiple service Storage

• Multiple applications in a single

system

• Hybrid ultra capacitor-battery

energy storage systems

• Provided by Maxwell and its

integration partners

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Ultra-Capacitor Design Considerations

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•Voltage

•Power / Current / Energy

•Runtime

•Temperature

•Dutycycle

•Lifetime

•Balancing

•Monitring

Design of Ucap Systems

Type

Minimum Initial Capacitance 165 F 132 F

Number of unit in series 16 16

Number of stack in parallel 11 11

Quantity of unit for a system 176 176

Max Absolute system voltage 816 V 816 V

Rated Voltage 768 V 768 V

System Rated Capacitance 113.4 F 90.8 F

Usable Energy 6969.6 Wh 5575.7 Wh

Stored Energy 9293 Wh 7434 Wh

33454.080 kJ 26763.264 kJ

Peak Power 15965 kW 8014 kW

Device max ESR DC 9.16 mOhm 18.33 mOhm

System max ESR DC 9.24 mOhm 18.40 mOhm

BMOD0165 P048

EOLBOL

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Typical Ultra-Capacitor ApplicationsTransportation

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In over 30 thousand hybrid buses and 2.0M start / stop vehicles worldwide

AUTOMOTIVE BUS RAIL TRUCKING

Start / Stop

High Power e-Turbo

Active Suspension

Hybrid

Electric Bus

Engine Starting

Regeneration

Propulsion

Voltage Stabilization

Engine Starting

Over 10M ultracapacitor cells shipped into transportation applications

Auto & Transportation Applications

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Wayside Storage Project (Korea)

Content from WOOJIN Industrial Systems Co. Ltd.

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• Emergency Power for Local Door Controller

• No scheduled maintenance allowed

• Stringent environmental requirements (temperature, vibration, shock)

• Aviation Safety Standards

Advantages by using Maxwell Ultracapacitors

Low weight

Long Life

High reliability

No maintenance

Airbus A380 – Emergency Back up Power

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Hybrid Bus

MAN Lion’s City Hybrid

• In service in Munich, Paris, Barcelona, Milano, Vienna…

• Breaking / accelerating fully electrically

• Brake energy recuperation

• Up to 30% reduced fuel consumption

• Silent approach and departure at bus stop

• Zero emission in the bus stop area

• 6 x HTM Modules:

• Voltage range: 400-700VDC

• Nominal current: 150A (max. 500A)

• Usable Energy content: 400-600Wh

• Electrical power: 200 kW

Bus

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Typical Ultra-Capacitor ApplicationsGRID

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Boost power and fail

safe back-up power

Wind farm retrofit –

battery replacement

Voltage / Frequency

Stabilization

Solar & Wind Firming

Peak Shaving

UPS: bridging / back-

up

Power Stabilization

Brake energy

recovery

Voltage and Power

stabilization

Green Infrastructure Markets

GRID / MICROGRID

ENERGY STORAGEINDUSTRIAL WAYSIDE RAIL

In over 54,000 wind turbines worldwide

Improving the reliability of the grid in the kW to MW scale

Over 8M ultracapacitor cells shipped into green infrastructure applications

WIND PITCH

CONTROL

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1. Resource Adequacy and Firm Capacity

2. Frequency Regulation

3. Energy Firming

4. Energy Shifting and Arbitrage

5. Renewables and Distributed Energy Resource Smoothing

Short and long duration applications may be stacked in a single energy storage system to maximize value

Primary Drivers for Utility Energy Storage

SHORT DURATION LONG DURATION

Power Quality & Reliability

Frequency Response/Regulation

Grid Voltage Stability

Renewables Time Shifting

Load Shifting

Spinning Reserves

Forecast HedgingGrid Operational Support

Requires frequent discharge

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Project Highlights: SDG&E

• SDG&E Borrego Springs Microgrid (Generators and Batteries)

• Ultra-capacitors rapidly respond to PV intermittency

microgrid stabilization

• Maxwell Ultracapacitor System Solution

• SDG&E completing site preparation (trenching, etc.)

• System commissioning Q2 2017

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• UCAPS smooth intermittent renewable energy generation in cycles - milliseconds timeframe

• Light cloud cover can cause large swings in output power

• Rated size: 250 kW for 3 min at end of life

• System design life: 20 years

Renewable Energy Smoothing

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Wind Farm Energy Stabilization – NE ChinaMAXWELL CONFIDENTIAL

• Wind Intermittency Smoothing

• Largest generation-side energy storage plant in China

• Facility already had Li-ion and flow batteries operating, added

Ultracapacitors for Faster Response

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Requirement Ultracapacitors Batteries Combination

Rapid Energy Capture <1 second 2-5 seconds < 1 second

Rapid Power Delivery <1 second 2-5 seconds < 1 second

Extended Temperature Range Excellent Poor Good

Product Life 8-15 years 2-6 years 4-10 years

Run Time (Energy) Seconds to Minutes Minutes to hours Seconds to hours

Batteries – Ultra-Capacitor Hybrid Systems:

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Typical Ultra-Capacitor ApplicationsIndustrial

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Industrial

Hybrid Harbor Crane

Straddle Carriers & Cranes

• Diesel-electric

• Lift load leveling / lowering

• 150 kW peak power

• Rapid energy storage through energy recapture

• Down-sizing of on-board engine

• Reduction of emissions and noise

• Clean harbor mandates met

• Peak power through ultra-capacitors

• Improved energy efficiency

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Public Transportation / Cabins

• Olympic games 2012 in London; spanning over the

Thames River between Greenwich and the Royal Docks

• 6 – 8 Mbit WLAN connection enabling HDTV broadcasting

• Two 48V modules used as energy storage

• Quick recharge at every station

• Also in service in Singapore (hot condition), Koblenz and

Lenzerheide (cold condition)

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General: Lower Cost; More Energy; Longer Life

GRID Scale Applications:•Monitoring Security•Scalability

Transportation Applications:•Higher Operation Temperature•Customization

Industrial Applications:•Standardization•Integration

Ultra-Capacitor Outlook

Requirements For The Future

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Thank You ! Mr. Jan-Hendrik ErnstApplication Engineering Manager

Maxwell Technologiesjernst@maxwell.com