Ulcerative Colitis By Aicha N. Saba MD4. What is it? Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel...
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- Ulcerative Colitis By Aicha N. Saba MD4
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- What is it? Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease
that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in your digestive
tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining (mucosa and
submucosa) of your colon and rectum. Symptoms usually develop over
time, rather than suddenly.
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- Epidemiology In the United States, about 1 million people are
affected with ulcerative colitis The prevalence rate is 35-100
cases per 100,000 people. Ulcerative colitis is 3 times more common
than Crohn disease Ulcerative colitis is slightly more common in
women than in men. Age of onset follows a bimodal pattern, with a
peak at 15-25 years and a smaller one at 55-65 years Ulcerative
colitis is more common in the Western and Northern hemispheres; the
incidence is low in Asia and the Far East.
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- Causes
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- Risk factors Have a family history of the disease Risk
increases if an immediate family member such as a parent, brother,
or sister has the disease. Are of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.
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- Pathophysiology
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- Signs and Symptoms The most common symptoms are: recurring
diarrhea, which may contain blood, mucus or pus abdominal pain
Needing to empty your bowels frequently Extreme tiredness Loss of
appetite and weight loss. Weeks or months with very mild or no
symptoms (remission), followed by periods where the symptoms are
particularly troublesome (flare-ups or relapses)
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- Ulcerative Colitis classification The severity of UC can be
graded as follows: Mild: Bleeding per rectum, fewer than 4 bowel
motions per day Moderate: Bleeding per rectum, more than 4 bowel
motions per day Severe: Bleeding per rectum, more than 4 bowel
motions per day, and a systemic illness with hypoalbuminemia (<
30 g/L)
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- Complications Life-threatening complications Severe diarrhea
and electrolyte derangements Massive hemorrhage Severe colonic
dilation (toxic megacolon) with potential of perforation with
peritonitis Higher risk for Colon cancer
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- Exams and tests Blood tests: to check for anemia or to check
for signs of infection. Stool sample. White blood cells in your
stool can indicate ulcerative colitis. Can also help rule out other
disorders. Colonoscopy. to view your entire colon. Can also take a
biopsy for laboratory analysis. X-ray. If severe symptoms, standard
X-ray can rule out serious complications, such as a perforated
colon. CT scan of abdomen or pelvis may be performed if a
complication from ulcerative colitis suspected. A CT scan may also
reveal how much of the colon is inflamed.
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- Treatment
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- Work cited Clinic, Mayo. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/ulcerative-colitis/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20043763.
09 September 2014. 09 March 2015. Medscape.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183084-
overview#aw2aab6b2b4aa. 14 November 2014. 09 March 2015. Staff,
Healthwise. http://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-
disease/ulcerative-colitis/ulcerative-colitis-what-happens. 08
October 2012. 09 March 2015.