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Types of Chemical Reactions (equations/balancing). ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ _________________________ __________________________. Types of Reactions The big ideas. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Types of Chemical Reactions(equations/balancing)
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Types of ReactionsThe big ideas
1. Matter is ______conserved- “what goes in must come out”
This is how we balance
2. _______ happen in many ways
3. Four categories are used to predict ________ (there is much overlap)
Decomposition
•The general idea
AB A + B
A demonstration
Hydrogen Peroxide _____ + oxygen
_H2O2 __ ______ + __ ________
•
Decomposition- samples
• XCO3 XO + CO2
Carbonate oxide + carbon dioxide
CaCO3 • XSO3 XO + SO2
Sulfite oxide + sulfur dioxide
Na2SO3 Examples to balance
Decomposition (cont.)
•XOH XO + H2O
Hydroxide oxide + water
NaOH
XClO3 / XClO4 XCl + O2
Chlorates & perchlorates chloride + oxygen
KClO3
KClO4
Single Replacement• The general idea
M + A- + B + B+ A- + M
Compound1 + metallic element1
compound2 + metallic element2
•B is more active then M see activity of metals list.
Silver(II) Nitrate + copper(s)
Name Symbol
Iron Fe
Nickel Ni
Tin Sn
Lead Pb
(hydrogen) (H)*
Copper Cu
Mercury Hg
Silver Ag
Gold Au
Activity of Metals(for single replacement reactions)
Name SymbolLithium Li
Potassium K
Barium Ba
Calcium Ca
Sodium Na
Magnesium Mg
Aluminum Al
Zinc Zn
Most
least
Li
K
Ba
Ca
Na
Replace H in acids &
water
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Ni
Sn
Pb
Replace H in acids only
Single Replacement (cont)• M + C - + N M + N - + C
Compound1 + nonmetallic element1
compound2 + nonmetallic element2
• N must be more active then C - …. Nonmetals higher and to the right on the P.T. are more active.
KBr(aq) + Cl2 (aq)
Double Replacement
• A+ B - + C + D - A+ D - + C + B –
•Only occurs IF a product is gas, precipitate (insoluble) or H2O.
Lead(II) nitrate(aq) + potassium iodide(aq)
Double Replacement (cont.)
Acid + Base water + salt
• Neutralization
H +B- + C +OH - HOH + C + B-
H2CrO4 (aq) + LiOH (aq)
Synthesis(composition/combination)
• A + B AB . Element + Element Compound
Zinc(s) + Oxygen(g)
Zn(s) + O2 (g)
• MO + H2O MOH .
Metal oxide + water metal hydroxide (base)
CaO(s) + H2O(l)
Synthesis (cont.)(composition/combination)•NMO + H2O H( NM)O
Nonmetal oxide + water oxyacid
SO3(g) + H2O(l)
Combustion•Complete Combustion (of a hydrocarbon):
C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g)
hydrocarbon + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + q
Combustion (cont)
Incomplete combustion:
hydrocarbon + oxygen water + carbon monoxide + q
C2H5OH (l) + O2 (g)
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