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Types and models of research impact
Sandra NutleyUniversity of St Andrews
Research Unit for Research Utilisation
(RURU)
www.st-and.ac.uk/~ruru www.evidencenetwork.org
Key message
Impact assessment strategies need to be underpinned by
realistic ideas about the nature and process of research impact
Types of impact
• Instrumental – change in policy or practice
• Conceptual – change in knowledge, understanding, attitudes
…and Enlightenment impact
A research impact continuum
AwarenessAttitudes, perceptions, ideas
Knowledge & understanding
Practice & policy change
CONCEPTUAL USE INSTRUMENTAL USE
Models of research impact
Stocks or reservoirs of research knowledge
Political and professional environments and wider
society
Models of research impact
Stocks or reservoirs of research knowledge
Political and professional environments and wider
society
Knowledge impels action
Percolation
Knowledge grabbing
Problem solving or tactical
Interaction
Co-productio
n of knowledg
e
Models of research use in social care
Research-based practitioner
Embedded research
Organisational excellence
Research based practitioner
Individual craft
knowledge and
experience
Research based
knowledgePractice
Embedded research modelResearch on what works
Practice guidelines and tools
Training in use of guidelines and
tools
Scrutiny of the use of guidelines
tools
Service delivery organisations
Organisational excellence model
Developing a research-minded culture
Learning from existing research
Commissioning local research
and evaluations
Working in partnership with local
universities and research intermediarie
s
Models of research use in social care
Research-based practitioner
Embedded research
Organisational excellence
One size does not fit all
Implications for impact assessment
No single model of research impact likely to be relevant for all situationsMake choices based on a clear understanding of the purpose of impact assessment activities
• Research production• User communities• Interactions between research producers and users• Context within which this occurs
Research Users
Context
May need to consider activities, outputs and outcomes in at least 4
spheres:
Interaction
Some funded research may have immediate and recognisable impacts – and some may have none – it is difficult to know these things in advance, especially as impact often occurs far down the line…
Need to be cautious about the consequences of any impact assessment
regime
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