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Type I SupernovaeType I Supernovae
Eric LeJeune
SupernovaSupernovaHigh-mass star’s final brillianceStar explodesA turning off or sudden turn on of
nuclear fusion
ClassifyingClassifyingType I & Type II
◦Type I doesn’t have hydrogenType Ia, Ib, Ic
◦Type Ia Exploded white dwarf
◦ Type Ib & Ic Massive stars that have blown away
outer layers Doesn’t have a silicon line like type Ia
Type Ia SupernovaeType Ia Supernovae
What leads to a Ia What leads to a Ia supernova?supernova?
Single Degenerate Model Double Degenerate Model
Single Degenerate ModelSingle Degenerate ModelTwo sun-like stars in binary
systemOne goes to red giant, to white
dwarfThe other star eventually goes
red giantWhite dwarf accretesChandrasekhar limit and nuclear
fusion
The ExplosionThe Explosion
Deflagration and detonation Brighter than entire galaxies
SUPERNOVA 2005KESUPERNOVA 2005KE
Visible UV X-Ray
The AftermathThe AftermathNo leftovers, no neutron star or
black holeThe white dwarf is completely
obliterated
Type Ia RemnantsType Ia Remnants
ImplicationsImplicationsSimilar compositions, same massPractically same brightnessCan measure distancesObserved Brightness =
Luminosity 4π*Distance2
Standard candle
The Universe’s Accelerating The Universe’s Accelerating ExpansionExpansionObserve supernovaDetermine distanceResults are farther away, and
receding faster than expected in a universe expanding at a constant rate
Conclude accelerating expansion
Type Ib & Ic SupernovaeType Ib & Ic Supernovae
Core CollapseCore CollapseSuper massive star at the end of its
lifetimeStar has layers of fused chemical
elements up to ironIron does not fuse so the core can’t
generate heat.Once the core reaches the
Chandrasekhar mass, the core pressure drops and overlying material falls in.
More Core CollapseMore Core CollapseThe core collapses and material
bounces off the core, resulting in a shock wave
Neutrino pulse propels shock wave
Shock wave blows star apart
Type Ib & Ic SupernovaeType Ib & Ic SupernovaeType II supernovaeType Ib supernovae
◦ Blown off hydrogen shellType Ic supernovae
◦ Blown off hydrogen and helium shells
Visualizing Type Ib & Ic Visualizing Type Ib & Ic SupernovaeSupernovae
Type Ib (SN 2005bf) Type Ic (SN 2006jc)
ImagesImages http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0506/wd_cxc_full.jpg http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2007/deml238/deml238
_4panel.jpg http://csp1.lco.cl/~cspuser1/PUB/PROJ/CI/c1/sn05bf.html http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Core_collapse_scenario.png http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/news/SN2005ke_labe
ls.jpg
http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/images/lec22_07.gif
http://space.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/cms/dn8368/dn8368-1_579.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Evolved_star_fusion_shells.png
http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/web/3142_web.jpg
http://www.nso.lt/stories/img/starchild.jpg http://www.supernovae.net/sn2006/u4904s5.jpg
Works ReferencedWorks Referenced Bennett, Jeffrey, Megan Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, and Mark Voit. The Cosmic
Perspective. 3rd ed. Boston: Addison Wesley, 2004.
"Dark Energy." ChemistryDaily.com. 01 Jan 2007. 27 Nov 2007 <http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/Accelerating_universe>.
Goldhaber, Gerson and Saul Perlmutter. "A study of 42 type Ia supernovae and a resulting measurement of ΩM and ΩΛ." Physics Reports 307.1-4. 01 Dec 1998 325-331. 27 Nov 2007 <http://www.sciencedirect.com>.
Hillebrandt, Wolfgang, Hans-Thomas Janka, and Ewald Müller. "How to Blow Up a Star." Scientific American Oct. 2006: 43-49.
Leibundgut, Bruno and Jesper Sollerman. "A cosmological surprise: the universe accelerates." Europhysics News 32.4. 2001 27 Nov 2007 <http://www.eso.org/~bleibund/papers/EPN/epn.html>.
"Supernova." wikipedia.org. 27 Nov 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. 27 Nov 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova>.
"Type Ia Supernova." wikipedia.org. 25 Nov 2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. 27 Nov 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova>.
Van Dyk, Schuyler D.. "ASTRONOMY: Elusive Supernova Progenitors." Science 302.5648. 14 Nov 2003 1161-1162. 27 Nov 2007 <http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/302/5648/1161>.
Wawrzyn, Alexander. "Modeling Supernovae with PHOENIX." www.hs.uni-hamburg.de. 05 Sep 2006. Universität Hamburg. 27 Nov 2007 <http://www.hs.uni-hamburg.de/EN/For/ThA/phoenix/supernova.html>.
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