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Course plan 2022
10 Nov 2021 5
COVENANT LEAGUE OF NATIONSARTICLE 22.To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilisation and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories on behalf of the League.The character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the development of the people, the geographical situation of the territory, its economic conditions and other similar circumstances.Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory.….
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San Remo Peace Conference 1920League of Nations
1946
1946
1922
1932
1932
Independence
Independence
Independence
Independence
Independence
Mandate forPalestine:
• A homeland forthe Jewish peoplein Palestine
• Immigration• Close settlement
by Jews• Jewish Agency
8
78 %22 %
1921:
Transjordanseparated from the
area west of theJordan River
(League of Nations)
10 Nov 2021
1949: Armistice Lines
10 Nov 2021 13
Jordan occupies(and later annexes)
“West Bank”
Egypt occupies
Gaza
EU Two State Solution since Venice Declaration (1980)Th
• Borders: 1949 Armistice Lines
• Palestinian State
• Capital: East Jerusalem
• Gov’t: PLO / PA
10 Nov 2021 17
WEST BANK AFTER OSLO
450,000 Jews
2 million Palestinian Arabs
1993: Oslo Accords
Areas A, B and C
Palestinianautonomy
(not ‘statehood’)
10 Nov 2021 18
2000 Camp David Summit
• President Bill Clinton: "I regret that in 2000 Arafat missed the opportunity to bring that nation into being and pray for the day when the dreams of the Palestinian people for a state and a better life will be realized in a just and lasting peace.”
• Dennis Ross: what Arafat really wanted was "a one-state solution. Not independent, adjacent Israeli and Palestinian states, but a single Arab state encompassing all of Historic Palestine."
• Saudi Prince Bandar: "If Arafat does not accept what is available now, it won't be a tragedy; it will be a crime.”
10 Nov 2021 20
The sticking points
• Jerusalem
• Settlements
• Right of return / recognition of Israel as a ‘Jewish’ State
• Security
• PA/Terrorism
• West Bank <-> Gaza
10 Nov 2021 24
Palestinian statehood in the UN
• 1967: UNSC res 242 • 2004: ICJ ‘Wall’ Advisory Opinion • 2011: Palestine applies for UN membership
(failed) • 2012 UNGA: Palestine is a “UN non-Member
Observer state”• 2015: International Criminal Court• 2016: UN Security Council res 2334• 2018: International Court of Justice • 2020: “Palestine” is a State Party
10 Nov 2021 25
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