Two Revolutions in Russia Two Revolutions in Russia

Two Revolutions in RussiaTwo Revolutions in Russia

What is a Revolution?

What does the term revolution mean?

Name That Revolution!

Revolution Resulting in the Factory System and Mass Production:

Revolution with new ideas on Government and society

Revolution with a Reign of Terror and the Rise of Napoleon

Revolution Where Japan Modernizes

Communism/Marxism

Economic and Political System Sees All History as Economic Worldwide Revolution of the Workers All Means of Production to be owned by

the workers. Class Struggle Power to the working class

Alexandra and AlexeiAlexandra and Alexei

RasputinRasputin

Russia in 1914Russia in 1914

A huge country– spread from Eastern Europe all the way to the Pacific Ocean

Ruled by the Romanovs Emperor in 1914 was Czar Nicholas II His German wife was Alexandra His son Alexei suffered from

haemophilia

The Russian People

Many Russian people were peasant farmers – they were poor and illiterate

Most of the land was owned by the nobility

There was a growing URBAN population which worked in the factories – they lived in poor conditions

So for most Russians life was hard

The CzarThe Czar

The Czar Ruled as An Absolute Monarch. He Held Total Power

Long Term Causes of the Russian Revolutions

Large Gap Between Rich and PoorRapid IndustrializationLoss in Russo-Japanese WarFailed Revolution of 1905 and

Czar’s Failure to Make Changes

Into World War 1Into World War 1 In 1914 Russia entered the war It had a massive army BUT faced

problems!

1. It was badly equipped (By 1915, men were sent to battle without weapons)

2. High Casualties

Nicholas II heads to war Nicholas II decided to head to the front

lines to help his men Unfortunately he was not a competent

leader and the Czarina Alexandra was left in charge ( Nicholas II)

The Czarina, German born, knew little about government

– The Czarina turned to Rasputin for advice

Gregory Rasputin An illiterate peasant and self-

proclaimed “holy man” He gained the reputation as being a

healer Following a “healing” experience with

her hemophilic son, Alexandra released more power to Rasputin

A group of nobles killed him fearing his power in 1916

Immediate Causes of Russian Revolutions

Unpopularity of Czar and his Family

Massive Casualties in World War 1

Food Shortages

Vladimir LeninCommunistLenin and the Bolsheviks

promised the people “Peace, Land and Bread”

Bolsheviks-Russian Communists

Germany and Lenin

Germans Help Lenin go Back to Russia in Hopes that he would start Revolution and Take Russia Out of WWI

Answer

What Three Things Did the Communists Promise the Russian People?

The November Revolution In November (Oct. in Russian Calendar) In just a few days Lenin’s and the

Bolsheviks overthrew the government, who put up no fight

Communists will Execute Czar and Family

The Russian Civil War The Bolshevik’s quickly looked for peace

with Germany (signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)

For 3 years the Reds (Communists) battled the Whites (Counterrevolutionaries) who remained loyal to the czar

The Allies (of WWI) sent forces to help the Whites/The Reds used this to increase distrust of the West and increase nationalism

Communism Wins

By 1921 the Communists/Reds win the Russian Civil War

But Russia was in shambles: millions of deaths from the wars, famine, and disease

Lenin would now have to rebuild the nation

USSR

Russia under Communist Rule was Known as the Soviet Union or the USSR!

Joseph Stalin

After the Death of Lenin, Joseph Stalin Will Take Power in the Soviet Union.

He Was One of the World’s Most Brutal Totalitarian Dictators.

Answer:

Who was Rasputin?Who fought in the Russian Civil

WarWho won the Russian Civil War?Who took power after Lenin?What three things did the Russian

Communists Promise?