Twentieth Century House Forms and Materials. Bungalows 1890-1940 Bungalow has its roots in Stick...

Twentieth Century House Forms and Materials

Bungalows 1890-1940

Bungalow has its roots in Stick Style, particularly as expressed in the Craftsman movement as popularized by Gustav Stuckey in his magazine, The Craftsman. It was inspired by Charles and Henry Greene, who practiced in Pasadena, California between 1893 and 1913. Their bungalows began about 1903. These houses are contemporaneous with Prairie Style buildings and were popularized through style books and magazines as were the Prairie and Colonial Revival buildings. It has enormous variety of forms and finishes. Bungalow houses continue to be built up to World War II, but are rare from the rebuilding after that War.

Often called Arts & Crafts houses; Craftsman bungalow or A & C bungalow

Term “bungalow” derived from words used to describe houses built in India for English colonists by local laborers

Influenced by Arts & Crafts movement in England

Gustav Stickley & William Morris

Originated in California in 1901Charles Sumner Greene & Henry Mather Greene

Period of Popularity: 1905 - 1930

Blended elements of Arts & Crafts, vernacular folk houses, Stick Victorian, Romanesque and Asian architecture and design

Popularized through magazines

Numerous pattern books promoted the style

Utilised by Sears, Aladdin Homes and other mail order kit house companies

Provided affordable single family houses for new suburbs

Helped satisfy high demand for housing post WWI

Defining Features

Low pitched gabled roof

Wide, unenclosed overhanging eaves

Exposed roof rafters; simple decorative beams and braces

Full or partial width one story porches

Square or tapered square columns as porch supports

Solid masonry piers supporting columns; or solid porch balustrade

Gabled dormers

Wall cladding is typically wood clapboard or wood shingles with stone, brick, concrete block and stucco used in North & Midwest

Bungalows, 1890-1940

• Charles and Henry Greene• Diverse origins, American production• Contemporary to Prairie style• Middle class worker housing• Popularized through style books, magazines

(The Craftsman, Ladies’ Home Journal)• Mail order companies (Aladdin, Sears &

Roebuck)

Bungalows, 1890-1940Characteristics

• 1 or 1 ½ story

• Distinctive roof w/ low pitch and overhanging eaves

• Porches and posts (battered piers)

• Asymmetry

Sears and Roebuckadvertisement

Irwin House, Pasadena, Calif.1906 (Greene and Greene)

Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)

Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)

Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)

Gamble House, Pasadena, Calif.1908, (Greene and Greene)

Sears, Roebuck & Co.Kit House catalogue

1908 - 1914

“The Osborne”Sears, Roebuck & Co.

1915-1920

FOUR Subtypes

Front Gabled Roof ~35%

Full or partial width one story porches under main roof or with separate extended roofs

Typically 1 story; 1½ - 2 story examples exist as well

10% have dormers

Cross Gabled Roof ~25%

Partial width front gabled porch forms cross gable

75% of these are one story

20% have dormers

Side Gabled Roof ~35%

1½ story with centered shed/gable dormers

Porches usually under main roof; often break in slope

Common in NE & Midwest

Hipped Roof <10 %

1 & 2 story examples are equally common

Similar to simple Prairie house

Four Square

Sears, Roebuck & Co.Kit House catalogue

1908 - 1914

American Foursquare

American Foursquare

American Foursquare

Lustron Homes and other modular components

1. Lustron House, 411 Bowser Ave., CHESTERTON, Porter County, IN. Originally designed by Roy Burton Blass and Morris H. Backman.

Interior view.

2. Armco-Ferro House, 251 Lake Front Dr. (moved from Century of Progress exhibition in Chicago,IL 1933), BEVERLY SHORES, Porter County, IN. Robert Smith, Jr., Cleveland Ohio (architect). Sponsored by the American Mill Rolling Company and the Ferro Enamel Corporation.

Manufacturer Plate

HABS Drawing of first floor.