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TRANSPORT LIBERALIZATION: Maritime Maritime status. CONTENTS. Global Maritime overview Maritime trade in services overview Maritime trade in services by country Key issues and recommendations Way forward. Maritime sector overview. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TRANSPORT LIBERALIZATION: MaritimeMaritime status
CONTENTS
• Global Maritime overview
• Maritime trade in services overview
• Maritime trade in services by country
• Key issues and recommendations
• Way forward
MARITIME SECTOR OVERVIEW
SADC ports are part of an international networkServices to West Africa (examples)
MidasFrequencyVesselsDurationSmallest vesselLargest vessel
Week1070 days1,700 TEU2,490 TEU
CMA/CGM Midas
CMA/CGM Angola Shutle
Angola ShuttleFrequencyVesselsDurationSmallest vesselLargest vessel
8 Days549 days1,800 TEU2,200 TEU
• Some west coast services use hubs in Europe and the Mediterranean
• Lines include Maersk, OACL-Safmarine, OATL, MSC
SADC ports are part of an international networkServices to East Africa (example)
NYK ServiceFrequencyVesselsDurationSmallest vesselLargest vessel
10 Days550 days400 TEU800 TEU
• MSC operates a service to East Africa using the Salalah hub
• Other lines include Ethiopian Shipping Lines, Messina, H&H lInes, Delmas
NYK
Export corridors are being developed
• Regional rail corridors are being developed in East Africa and West Africa to unlock export potential
• These require co-operation and harmonisation along entire corridors, including across countries
• Africa is rapidly developing as a strategic supply of resources
• Both east and west coast have mineral and other natural resources
Maritime industry developments
• Larger vessels require upgraded infrastructure– Largest container ship is the Maersk Triple-E class (18,000 TEU)– Largest container vessel to call in Durban (MSC Sola - 11,660 TEU)
• Ports aspire to hub status– Improved frequency, service levels– Reduced cost/TEU
• The industry dominated by relatively few international entities– Global terminal operators control 71% of container capacity (includes public
sector operators e.g. PSA)– Top 5 operators control almost 50% of capacity
• Shipping lines are coming off a period in which they incurred severe losses
Key issues
• Ports handle over 90% of import-export cargoes
• Shipping lines are highly mobile
• Port and hinterland capacity has not kept pace with demand throughout the Region
• Congestion and delays result in higher costs to cargo owners (missed calls, surcharges, etc.)
• An under-developed maritime sector constrains economic growth
Factor that support a successful maritime sector
• Connectivity– Trade routes
– Hinterland
• Volume
• Infrastructure
• Support services
• Trading environment
• Partnerships
MARITIME TRADE IN SERVICES
Maritime trade in services
• The SADC Protocol on Trade in Services (PTCM) in transportation is expected to reduce or remove barriers that impede the flow of trade between SADC countries
• The maritime sector for this study includes vessel operations (sea freight and sea passengers), and supporting services for maritime transport, namely WTO codes 7211, 7212 and 745**
• Maritime countries within SADC are the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC), Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Mauritius and the Seychelles
• The objective of the PTCM is facilitate an efficient, cost effective and fully integrated infrastructure and operations
• The process is expected to result in request-offers by August and initial offers (including transport) by November 2012
PTIS (maritime) key elements
• Maritime transport is an area of strategic importance to regional economic growth
• Realising the potential of this sector requires harmonised international and regional transport policies and regulations
• It is understood that developing coastal shipping, encouraging joint ventures with the private sector are key components for developing the sector
• Regional co-operation and harmonised tariff structures should not result in uncompetitive business practices
Issues affecting implementation
• The port sector has strong control and influence from government in all SADC countries. The industry often reflects national priorities
• Investment backlogs, inefficient port operations and undeveloped skills are critical factors affecting the industry
• Relatively low volumes limit the ability of SADC maritime nations to negotiate service and price advantages with large international carriers
• Creating capacity and requires large-scale investment. Skills development also requires investment and co-ordinated effort
• SADC countries are at different levels of implementation regarding international maritime regulations and conventions
Liberalisation status (maritime)
• No maritime states currently restrict foreign flagged vessels. Angola is considering a state-owned shipping company
• Coastal maritime trade is restricted in Angola, Tanzania
• Private sector participation– Only Mozambique has private sector involvement in port authority
functions– All SADC countries support concession arrangements for port
operations– Only Mozambique has an initiative to privatise marine services. South
Africa considers this an option
MARITIME TRADE IN SERVICE BY COUNTRY
Maritime trade in services by country
• Angola
• Democratic republic of the Congo
• Mauritius
• Mozambique
• Namibia
• South Africa
• Seychelles
• Tanzania
Maritime sector profileAngola
Owned Dominated By Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger Private International
Ship repair Both Sonagol Private sector participation
Agency and other support
Private Delmas Shipping line affiliates
Authority Public Only provider
Marine Public Regional port authorities
Operations Public Sogester (Luanda)
Depot Private Maersk
Rail Public
• Resources attracting investment , including from China• Strong government influence in the sector
Maritime trade in service environment: Angola
• Current status– Priority given to national economy. Priorities for Angolan companies– Not yet taken binding commitments to WTO– Controlled entry long-distance maritime and access for coastal shipping is limited– Concession and private sector involved in port operations, ship repair– Limited transparency
• Developments– Intention to establish a state owned shipping company may result in
restrictions on foreign vessels
Luanda Port
Maritime sector profileDemocratic Republic of Congo
Owned Dominated By Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger Private Local operators Local transport
Ship repair Private Minimal activity
Agency and other support
Public SEP (bunkering) Also private shipping agents
Authority Public Onatra Only provider
Marine Public Onatra Only provider
Operations Public Onatra
Depot
Rail Public Onatra
• State-owned Onatra is the dominant provider• Lack of deep water capacity adds time and cost to cargo• Volumes remain low
Maritime trade in service environment: DRC
• Current status– Port revenue used to subsidise other
Onatra divisions– Political climate coming off an unstable
base– Port authority and operations (mostly)
performed by Onatra– Approval required for market entry– Ratio of foreign to national employees
a restriction ( mode 4)
• DevelopmentsRecently joined OHADA to improve legal stability and facilitate regional economic integration
Lack of capacity to progress harmonisation and liberlaisation
Matadi Port
Maritime sector private profileMauritius
Owned Dominant Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger Private
Ship repair Private Limited
Agency and other support
Private Shipping line affiliates
Authority Public Mauritius Port Authority
Different share-holding by port
Marine Public MPA Outsourced
Operations Public Cargo Handling Corp.
Depot
Rail
• Cargo Handling Corporation is a government owned operation• Private firms handle oil tank farms, fertiliser, flour, cement, etc.
Maritime trade in service environment: Mauritius
• Current status– No current concessions for authority and
port operations– Private sector currently excluded form
container operations and other designated general cargoes
– o Private sector currently excluded form container operations and other designated general cargoes
– o Foreign equity ownership subject to approval (some areas restricted to nationals)
• Developments— Initiative to concession the container terminal is being revivied
Port Louis
Maritime sector private profileMozambique
Owned Dominant Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger Private MSC
Ship repair Private Small dock facilities
Agency and other support
Private Shipping line affiliates
Authority Mixed CFM Different share-holding by port
Marine Public Outsourced
Operations Mixed DP PortsGrindrod
Depot Private
Rail Public
• Mozambique has regional port authorities, each with a stake held by state-owned CFM
• Port services provided by authority and operators
Maritime trade in service environment: Mozambique
• Current status– Concessions for authority and port
operations– Cabotage by coastal vessel limited to
national individuals / companies– Regulations that prevent ownership of
land are restrictive– Regional transit bond guarantees – New Labour Law restricts the hiring of
foreign staff
• Developments— Increasing focus on governance to improve transparency
Maputo Port
Maritime sector private profileNamibia
Owned Dominant Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger
Ship repair Public Namport Namport operates dock facilities
Agency and other support
Private Shipping line affiliates
Authority Public Namport Only provider
Marine Public Namport Only provider
Operations PublicPrivate
NamportGrindrod
ContainersMainly dry bulk
Depot Private
Rail Public
• Namport provides both authority and operations functions• Trans Namibia corridor seen as an opportunity for growth
Maritime trade in service environment: Namibia
• Current status– State owned entity Namport engaged
in landlord and port operations– Some private terminal operations– No foreign company may provide
towing services– Access by foreign nationals remains
difficult
• Developments― Corridor initiatives to promote regional co-operation― Planned container expansion considering private investment
Walvis Bay Port
Maritime sector private profileSouth Africa
Owned Dominant Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger Private MSC Seasonal
Ship repair Private SA shipyards, Dormac, ++
TNPA owns dry dock facilities
Agency and other support
Private Bidvest, Grindrod, ++
Shipping line affiliates
Authority Public Transnet Only provider
Marine Public Transnet Only provider
Operations PublicPrivate
TransnetGrindrod, Bidvest, ++
In all sectorsMainly dry bulk
Depot Private SACD, ++
Rail Public Transnet
• Transnet is the dominant provider in the sector• Extensive private sector involvement in shipping (non-local), ship repair, agency and
port terminal (non-container) operations
Maritime trade in service environment: South Africa
• Current status– State owned entity controls ports
and engaged in port operations– Competition in bulk, general
purpose cargoes– Policy and regulations to
encourage private sector participation
– Restrictions on foreign employees ( mode 4)
• Developments— Transaction advisor appointed for Ngqura Container Terminal. Also enquiry
for new dig-out port in Durban— Revised maritime policy being drafted
Ngqura Port
Maritime sector private profileSeychelles
Owned Dominant Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger Private
Ship repair Private Small
Agency and other support
Private Shipping line affiliates
Authority Public Seychelles Port Authority
Only provider
Marine Public SPA Only provider
Operations Public SPA
Depot
Rail
• Seychelles competes with Mauritius, Madagascar, Reunion for passenger volumes• Shallow draft except for Mahe Quay (9.5m – 11.5m)
Maritime trade in service environment: Seychelles
• Current status– State owned entity controls ports and
engaged in port operations– Foreigners require permission to own
land – Investment in port infrastructure a
reserved strategic area – permission subject to conditions
– Restricted and strategic areas limits competition and limit attractiveness to foreign investors
– Gainful Occupation certificate issued once no suitable Seychellois application
• Developments— Seychelles is currently negotiating accession to WTO. GATS schedule
Port Victoria
Maritime sector private profileTanzania
Owned Dominant Comments
Cargo vessels Private International Major lines
Passenger Private Seasonal
Ship repair Private Small scale
Agency and other support
Private Shipping line affiliates
Authority Public TPA Only provider
Marine Public TPA Only provider
Operations MixedPublic
TICTS ContainersMainly dry bulk
Depot Private
Rail Public
• Transnet is the dominant provider in the sector• Extensive private sector involvement in shipping (non-local), ship repair, agency and
port terminal (non-container) operations
Maritime trade in service environment: Tanzania
• Current status– State owned entity controls ports and
engaged in port operations– Container terminal (TCITS) has been
concessioned– Only Tanzanian ships in coastal trades– Restrictions on foreign equity
ownership (60% in listed companies)– Increasing cost of permits for foreign
workers
• Developments— Fair Competition Act to promote effective competition— Extensive port and hinterland developments planned
Dar Es Salaam Port
KEY ISSUE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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