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Translational Science: Library Services & Knowledge Professionals. Paul J Graham, MA, MLIS Presented to University of Washington, Seattle September 14 th 2012. Presentation Contents. Translational Science can turn to Knowledge Studies for Innovation. 1) Knowledge System - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE:LIBRARY SERVICES
& KNOWLEDGE PROFESSIONALS
Paul J Graham, MA, MLISPresented toUniversity of Washington, SeattleSeptember 14th 2012
Presentation Contents1) Knowledge System
Definition and Application2) State of the Art
Some current issues of Translational Science Research
3) Librarian Perspectives Library services
4) Knowledge Professionals Knowledge Management Being a Knowledge Broker
Translational Science can turn to Knowledge Studies for Innovation
Part 1: The Knowledge System
Production Organization
(Storage & Retrieval) Transfer, Diffusion Application Implementation
1979 publication Knowledge Application: The Knowledge System in Society by Holzner and Marx
P1: Knowledge Management Systems
Over a thousand citations since 2001 on the Web of Science
Over 4000 citations on Google Scholar
Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems (2001) Alavi & Leidner MIS Quarterly Vol. 25 no. 1, 107-136.
P1: Library as Knowledge System
A.L. Dick, "Society's Knowledge System and Its Implications for Librarianship." South African Journal for Librarianship and Information Science 50, no. 1 (1982): 17-21.
Based on his thesis from the University of Washington, Seattle
He argues that libraries can reconsider their role and functions relative to Knowledge-Systems processes. He championed libraries becoming more involved in Knowledge Production and Application.
The Library has a Knowledge System and is part of a greater Knowledge System
P1: Translational Knowledge System
P1: Translational Knowledge System
Called a Translational Cycle, we can see it is a systems perspective
Results in better science and health benefits.
Revealing the judgements behind science, before science is conducted.
Kelley et al. 2012 champion a normative approach, but also provide their version of a Health Knowledge cycle.
Part 2: State of the Art
Definition History & Terminology Barriers Interdisciplinary Teams Community-Based Research Collaborative Methods Research Support Assessment Metrics
What are some of the current issues of Translational Science?
P2: Definition
What is Translational Science Research? A term first used in 1990s (Davidson, 2011) Popular in medical sciences Universities now expanding Translational Research credentials
General Definition Activities designed to transform ideas, insights, and discoveries
generated through basic scientific inquiry and from clinical or population studies into effective and widely available clinical applications. (Mitchell et al. 2010)
Includes Market trends, tendencies of the industry, capitalization, and
regulatory requirements (Kleinbeck et al. 2012)
What is the Definition of Translational Science? What are the components of Translational Science?
P2: History & Terminology
Terminology Transfer, Utilization, Translation, Dissemination, Distribution,
Diffusion, Uptake, Bridging the gap, research utilization, implementation research/science,
Theory Mode 2, Post Normal Science, Triple Helix,“Two Communities
Metaphors” “Sticky Knowledge” “Communities of Practice” “Epistemic Culture”, Habermas’s “Communicative Action”
Models Iowa Model of Research in Practice, Ottawa Model of Research Use,
CURN, Outcomes Focused KT, r2p2r Methods
Social Network Analysis, Environmental Scanning
“Translational Science” is a part of a larger societal project
P2: Barriers to Translation
Bridging the cultural divide separating investigators engaged in “fundamental” research vs. “applied” research. (Hobin & Galbraith, 2012) Investigators may find it difficult to publish
their works Tenure and promotion structure may
adversely affect time needed for quality Translation of knowledge.
Hobin & Galbraith, 2012 Addressing the issues academic perception
that Translational research is “not intellectually challenging, worthwhile, or good for [a] career.”
What are some of the stated Barriers to Translational Research
P2: Translational ModelsThe Development of Models for Translational Science is needed. Thematic analysis is championed to
produce a schema for clinicians, policymakers and researchers. (Mitchell et al. 2010)
EBP & RU Organizational Change Knowledge exchange & Synthesis Designing & Interpreting dissemination results.
Theories and frameworks enhance dissemination and implementation (Tabak et al., 2012)
Construct Flexibility Dissemination or Implementation Sociological Framework
P2: Collaborative Teams
Moise et al., 2006 Bridging the distance between the clinic floor and the bench top.
Clinical science and Pure Science. Having a collaborative team that includes clinical perspective and
fundamental research. Wagner & Srivastava, 2012
Championing the “It takes a village” paradigm for a shift in the approach to biomarkers research.
Hobin & Galbraith, 2012 Encouraging and engineering collaboration, cooperation,
communication, and respect between basic and clinical scientists. Byrne et al. 2012
Collaboration is fundamental to the enterprise.
Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary Collaborative teams are seen as a key to better Translational Science outcomes.
P2: Collaborative Outreach
Better health outcomes occur for the population when we evaluate key critical judgments. (Kelley et al. 2012) Ethical, social , cultural, economic Which disease to target, which programmes to fund, Offer a Normative Model of the Translational Process Who will advocate for disease and conditions that
impact smaller, more diffuse, or less empowered populations?
Dialectical Thinking (Crockett et al., 2012) Transformative Consumer Research emphasizing
societal welfare. Tracking social problems Getting the results into the hands of stakeholders
Collaborative methods for achieving greater health impact
P2: Community-Based Research
Community-Based Participatory Research Skills (DiGirolamo et al., 2012) Social determinants of Health Having community involved in all aspects of
the process Design, conduct, analysis, dissemination
Community Relation Building Many researchers did not have the
comprehensive package of CBPR skills Translational Research Teams (Crockett et
al. 2012) Includes public and community health
researchers, as well as community members.
Community Based Research is now seen as a vital part of Translational Science activities.
P2: Community-Based Research
Extensive Planning Environmental Scan to identify
key resources and people Formulating relevant
relationships Collaborative research
department or committee Creating a shared vision
Some Important Steps for Community Based Research Planning
P2: Research Support
Research Studios provide specific research advice for a specific problem from local specialists.
T1 Studio: Bench to Bedside, captures research and proposed research that involve uncovering pathophysiology and mechanisms of disease, as well as early-phase feasibility, safety, and efficacy trials.
T2 Studio: Bedside to Practice and Policy, captures research and proposed research that involve clinical
Two Directors for each major area Offers ability to overcome barriers identified by CTSA
academic health centres Research workforce, research operations, organizational
silos Reflects Mode 2 Knowledge Production
Interdisciplinary
Byrne et al. 2012 “Clinical and Translational Research Studios”
P2: Research SupportWhere are the Librarians in Research Studios? Not on the set…
P2: Other Supportive Models
Program Development Teams ( Hunt et al. 2012) To assist the individual researcher to navigate
through the myriad of resources provided. To help guide the researchers in proposal
development, study design, and identification of support components that can help bring projects to fruition.
Clinical Effectiveness Department (Damani & Fulton, 2010) Interdisciplinary groups
Mentorship Model (Sundgren, 2012) Facilitates smoother transition to researcher Gets assistance with ideas. Demonstrates strengths, explores potential
…but there are other Research Support Models to consider…
P2: Metrics & Assessment
Lee et al., 2012 Clinical and Translational Scientist Career Success: Metrics for Evaluation
Domains of Career Success Extrinsic Career Success Factors Intrinsic Career Success Factors
Determinants of Career Success Personal Factors Organizational Factors
Other Metrics in Process Experience Survey of the Association for Clinical
Research Training Research Support Survey of the Duke Translational
Medicine Institute Graduate tracking Survey System
Assessing Research Impact is a major component of any research endeavour today (Learning Cycle diagram from Center for Instructional Innovation, Western Washington University)
There are many Info Literacy Assessment tools we can adapt for the clinical environment.
Part 3: Librarian’s Perspective
Evaluation & Assessment
Research & Reference Outreach Information Literacy Database Services Collaborative Spaces
What can Librarianship offer to Translational Science?
P3: Evaluation & Assessment
Internal Analysis Survey/Focus groups to students, faculty & staff. Reviewing Grey Literature (e.g., memos, emails)
External Analysis Reviewing Health Library websites Informal conversations with key professionals In-depth review of scholarly literature Assessing Trends via STEEPLE method
Environmental Scan methodology allows for a full consideration of resources and services
P3: Research & Reference
iGuide Literature Reviews Literature reviews that compile the latest
apps in a subject field, e.g. Iphone apps for plastic surgeons (Mohan & Brandford, 2012)
Evidence Based Blogging Powell et al. 2012 suggests structured
blogging as a valid EB tool for sharing of methods and results, and conclusions.
Evolving Librarian skills McGown et al. 2010 assessed the
librarian’s ability to summarize information for physicians within 20 minutes of the request.
Hunt et al. 2012 bibliometrics used for social network analysis
We must now be concerned with “Evidence Based” everything.
P3: Research & Reference
Dealing with Data (Haendel et al., 2012) Eagle-i Network: accelerating the cycle of scholarly
communication by making research resources easy to find. Connects researchers to other researchers, and resources.
Resource Navigators, connects to not just research, but to lab protocols, instrumentation, human studies, software.
This expands the notion of Reference beyond typical sources of information to objects and services, and the location of those services for use.
We now must consider expanding our notion of reference beyond books, CDs, DVDs, etc. to scientific equipment.
P3: Research & Reference
Assessing Familiar Tools within Academia Wikis: Collaborative annotated bibliographies (eg., PDBWiki) Twitter: Translational Twitter (e.g., CTSI information) Facebook: Providing an avenue for Knowledge Management. YouTube: Research/Training videos (e.g. Cancer Connection)
New & Developing Services Online BioMedexperts, mylabmeeting, Mendeley, Nature Network StickyWalls: wallwisher.com, primary wall, Stixy, Bizkit
Cloud Computing (Rosenthal el al., 2010) Evaluating a “cloud” for Biomedical purposes
Web 2.0 Technologies are only now being rigorously assessed for their Academic value
P3: Research & Reference
Budget for Library Resources Will there be a stable financial platform for the “Gold”
model of O.A. peer-reviewed journals? Will current library budgets be redirected to O.A. fees, or
free up funds for other projects? Open Access Journal funds supported by 30 universities
(Nariani & Fernandez, 2012). Responsibility for an Open Access Archive
Will Libraries be responsible for “Green” model of O.A. archives for the creation of university repositories?
Open Access resources are growing in importance, especially as a way to spread innovation, improving Translational Research.
P3: Outreach (Mobile Devices)
Mobile Webpage & LibGuide Drug Resources Library Catalog Requests Ask Us feature Calculators Wireless access and Device tips
StanMed: Stanford App for accessing clinically useful educational modules, tutorials, videos, podcasts at point of care.
CATs: Centre for EBM provides a software tool for creating Critically Appraised Topics
We can offer Mobile Webpages for Translational Research Services
P3: Outreach (Mobile Reference)
Librarian reported an increase in consultations by 400% from Prusin 2012 by simply having 2 sessions of 2 hour office hours.
P3: Outreach (Marketing)
Marketing Campaigns (Serenko et al., 2012) Targeted messages raising awareness of Information Literacy. Don’t oversell, be clear about training objectives
E-Options (from Matsoukas et al., 2011) USB Flash Drive marketing library services to Med students
at Columbia University. Other Ideas
Print is still important Book marks, pamphlets, one page research guides
Special Interest Groups Targeting Student organizations & other campus organizations
Any Translational Research effort needs marketing. You have to be an entrepreneur.
P3: Information Literacy
Foundational Health Science Teaching Services Clark & Esson, 2012 found that Information literacy training did not
prepare them adequately for Evidence Based Practice. Implementing Information Literacy Strategy
Awareness of Clinical & Pre-Clinical Translational Resources provided via NIH institutions. Research Match, Red Cap, CTSA-IP
Empirical Tools in Knowledge Translation Conferences, Journals, Grant Information Bioinformatics resources (e.g., directory links)
Integrated approach to instruction (MacEachern et al., 2012) Strategic sessions at different stages of education
Includes both in-person and virtual
Always accepting the challenges and opportunities of Information Literacy training is important to improve Translational Research.
P3: Information Literacy
P3: Database Services
Effectiveness of Intervention Databases Rx for Change (synthesis of global evidence) (Grimshaw
et al. 2012) Health Systems Evidence
Creating a Translational Database via Faceted Analysis KUPI Database, University of Saskatchewan Translational Science Blogging
McKibbon et al., 2012 Although not perfect search filters have been developed
for identifying “knowledge translation” articles in Medline
Creating a specialized database provides specialized service that general databases, and traditional cataloguing systems cannot.
P3: Collaborative Spaces
Collaborative Commons (U of Florida) Providing “neutral” collaborative spaces Emphasizes a variety of Technology
Smart & White boards Expanded videoconferencing
Comfortable seating/Table space Biomedical software (Vivo)
iCentre: A central facility where information, technology, learning, and teaching needs are supported by tech specialists. Considered an “instructional zone” Includes both print and online resources Professional information technology staff
Social Learning Ambience is as important as choice of technology…selecting the right tech for the right space.
Part 4: Knowledge Professionals
Knowledge Management Assessing research
projects form a KM perspective.
Knowledge Brokering A model for action.
We can offer additional services as Knowledge Brokers
P4: Knowledge Management
KM is vital simply because of the vast amount of knowledge and data tools available today. (Hunt et al, 2012)
Emphasis on Knowledge Sharing which is vital to Translational Knowledge
Combined thinking about Technology and People.
Epistemic thinking Communities of Practice Learning Community Knowledge-Based Organization
Converting Tacit to Codified knowledge
Knowledge Management perspectives can assist medical research.
P4: Knowledge Brokering
Typologies Organizational Brokering Individual Brokering Strategic Services
Characteristics Puts actual focus on outreach to
community and for research output. Networking & Marketing Collecting the best evidence for decision
making Breaking down knowledge barriers
Deciphering the best communication models
Being a Knowledge Broker is primarily about connecting people-to-people
Concluding Thoughts
Some Key Areas to Consider…
Taking a Knowledge Systems Perspective for critique and conceptual clarity of Translational Science processes.
Implementing Translational support such as Research Studios, Program Development teams, or Librarian Mentorship to Translational Researchers.
Marketing our services with USB packages directly to key stakeholders, and/or researcher
Applying Library services with a Translational Science focus, such as creating a Translational Science database.
Taking up a Knowledge Brokering paradigm to define the role of Translational Science & Collaboration Librarian.
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