Tracing Speciation · Tracing Speciation 1. Phylogenetic Tree –evolutionary relationships among...

Tracing Speciation

Tracing Speciation 1. Phylogenetic Tree –evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities

2. Cladogram- A clade is a grouping that includes a common ancestor and all the descendants (living and extinct) of that ancestor.

Reading Cladograms

Extinction• The lengths of the branches

have been adjusted to show when lineages split and went extinct.

If you were to add a trout to the phylogeny shown above, where would its lineage attach to the rest of the tree?

Constructing Cladogram Practice

Constructing Cladogram Practice

Analyzing Gene Sequences

• Which ones are more similar/less similar to one another

• Calculate the percentage similarity by dividing the number of matching sequence bases by the total number compared.

• Construct cladogram with data given • Organism A Sequence: ATGATCCAGT

• Organism B Sequence: ACGACTCAGT

• Organism C Sequence: TTGATCCAGT

Practice Making Cladograms• Download document “Making Cladograms”

• 30 minutes to complete

• Found under “Evolution” Section

• Will be required to build a cladogram based upon characteristics shared.