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Towards Geographies of Consumption. Measuring energy consumption from transportation in metropolitan areas. Rob Neff Geography and Environmental Systems UMBC neff@umbc.edu Presented at Baltimore Ecosystem Study UMBC, October 18-19, 2006. Representing the consumptive landscape - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Towards Geographies of Consumption
Measuring energy consumption from
transportation in metropolitan areas.Rob Neff
Geography and Environmental SystemsUMBC
neff@umbc.eduPresented at Baltimore Ecosystem Study
UMBC, October 18-19, 2006
OutlineOutline
Representing the consumptive Representing the consumptive landscapelandscape
Transportation and patterns of energy Transportation and patterns of energy consumptionconsumption
Patterns of division at work and at Patterns of division at work and at homehome
ConclusionsConclusions Future directionsFuture directions
Representing the Consumptive Representing the Consumptive LandscapeLandscape
All-or-Nothing traffic assignment modelAll-or-Nothing traffic assignment model Origin-Destination data from the CensusOrigin-Destination data from the Census Emissions from commuters who drove aloneEmissions from commuters who drove alone Commuting patterns for all commutersCommuting patterns for all commuters GHG emissions assigned to residences and workplacesGHG emissions assigned to residences and workplaces
Hotspots: workplaces with above-average Hotspots: workplaces with above-average emissionsemissions
Results for each hotspot visualized as statistical Results for each hotspot visualized as statistical surfacessurfaces Work-shedsWork-sheds Car-shedsCar-sheds Emission-shedsEmission-sheds
Study AreaStudy Area
PlaceEmissions
(MTCE)Percent of
Total DriversPercent of
TotalCommute
rsPercent of
Total
Center City 24.81 6.19% 84,937 5.88% 239,746 11.40%
King of Prussia 14.11 3.52% 44,849 3.11% 53,897 2.56%
NE Philadelphia 5.03 1.26% 17,157 1.19% 27,618 1.31%
All Hotspots 146 36.35% 515,385 35.71% 864,045 41.10%
Other 255 63.65% 927,933 64.29% 1,238,428 58.90%
All Places 401 100.00% 1,443,318 100.00% 2,102,473 100.00%
Selected TotalsSelected Totals
PlaceKgCE /
DriverKgCE /
Commuter
Commuters Driving
(%)
Center City 0.29 0.10 35.43%
King of Prussia 0.31 0.26 83.21%
NE Philadelphia 0.29 0.18 62.12%
All Hotspots 0.28 0.17 59.65%
Other 0.27 0.21 74.93%
All Places 0.28 0.19 68.65%
Selected Efficiency Selected Efficiency MeasuresMeasures
Solo Drivers
Emissions
Commuters
Center CityCenter City
Non-Hispanic White69%
Non-Hispanic
Black25%
Non-Hispanic Other3%
Hispanic All Races
3%
Center City Workplace Center City Workplace DiversityDiversity
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
Media
n E
arn
ings
Center City Transit & Center City Transit & EarningsEarnings
Solo Drivers
Emissions
Commuters
King of King of PrussiaPrussia
Non-Hispanic White89%
Non-Hispanic Other2%Non-
Hispanic Black8%
Hispanic All Races
1%
King of Prussia Workplace King of Prussia Workplace DiversityDiversity
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
Media
n E
arn
ings
King of Prussia Transit & King of Prussia Transit & EarningsEarnings
Solo Drivers
Emissions
Commuters
NE PhiladelphiaNE Philadelphia
Non-Hispanic White70%
Non-Hispanic Other2%
Non-Hispanic
Black26%
Hispanic All Races
2%
NE Philadelphia Workplace NE Philadelphia Workplace DiversityDiversity
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
Media
n E
arn
ings
NE Philadelphia Transit & NE Philadelphia Transit & EarningsEarnings
Emissions Cross TabulationsEmissions Cross Tabulations
Suburban Urban Other Total
Suburban 18.0% 1.7% 0.6% 20.3%
Urban 7.9% 3.6% 1.3% 12.8%
Other 2.0% 1.0% 0.3% 3.2%
Sub Total 28.0% 6.3% 2.1% 36.4%
Suburban 51.2% 3.0% 1.0% 55.2%
Urban 4.1% 2.4% 0.8% 7.3%
Other 0.6% 0.4% 0.1% 1.2%
Sub Total 55.9% 5.8% 1.9% 63.6%
Suburban 69.2% 4.7% 1.6% 75.5%
Urban 12.1% 6.0% 2.0% 20.1%
Other 2.7% 1.4% 0.4% 4.4%
Total 83.9% 12.1% 4.0% 100.0%
Origin TypeDestination Type
Emis
sion
s
Hot
spot
sN
ot H
otsp
ots
Tot
al
Efficiency Cross TabulationsEfficiency Cross Tabulations
Suburban Urban Other Average
Suburban 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.23
Urban 0.22 0.05 0.18 0.12
Other 0.30 0.11 0.10 0.18
Average 0.23 0.08 0.18 0.17
Suburban 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.22
Urban 0.30 0.07 0.18 0.14
Other 0.33 0.13 0.06 0.17
Average 0.23 0.11 0.19 0.21
Suburban 0.22 0.22 0.26 0.22
Urban 0.24 0.06 0.18 0.13
Other 0.30 0.12 0.08 0.18
Average 0.23 0.09 0.18 0.19
Ave
rage
Not
Hot
spot
s
Com
mut
er E
ffici
ency
(KgC
E)
Destination TypeOrigin Type
Hot
spot
s
ConclusionsConclusions
Urban workplaces were more efficient, per commuter and Urban workplaces were more efficient, per commuter and per driver. per driver.
Suburban workplaces were less efficientSuburban workplaces were less efficient ~65% of all commuters~65% of all commuters ~76% of all emissions~76% of all emissions
The pattern of energy consumption is centrifugalThe pattern of energy consumption is centrifugal Raw numbers increase away from the cityRaw numbers increase away from the city Efficiency decreases away from the cityEfficiency decreases away from the city Emissions increase away from hotspotsEmissions increase away from hotspots
Areas of highest energy consumption also are areas of the Areas of highest energy consumption also are areas of the greatest racial exclusiongreatest racial exclusion
Urban/Suburban dichotomy in both sets of patternsUrban/Suburban dichotomy in both sets of patterns Northeast Philadelphia as a counter exampleNortheast Philadelphia as a counter example
Future DirectionsFuture Directions
Comparative studiesComparative studies Software developmentSoftware development Extension to air quality issuesExtension to air quality issues Economic, cultural and social drivers Economic, cultural and social drivers
of regional consumption patternsof regional consumption patterns Links to land useLinks to land use Strengthening links to other scales Strengthening links to other scales
and placesand places
Towards Geographies of Consumption
Measuring energy consumption from
transportation in metropolitan areas.Rob Neff
Geography and Environmental SystemsUMBC
neff@umbc.eduPresented at Baltimore Ecosystem Study
UMBC, October 18-19, 2006
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