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Tools of Meteorology
Barometer -
measures air
pressure
(mercury and
aneroid)
Tools of Meteorology
Anemometer
measures wind
speeds ten
meters above the
ground.
Tools of Meteorology Psychrometer measures
humidity. Consists of 2
thermometers, one dry-bulb
(to show air temp) and one
wet bulb (has water-soaked
wick wrapped around bulb)
a fan blows air past the 2
thermometers or you can
swing them in the air
manually, 2 thermometer
read different temps and the
difference shows the
amount of humidity.
Tools of Meteorology
Thermometer
measures
temperature.
Scientist use
Celsius scale
(0ºC freezing pt
of water, 100ºC is
boiling for water)
Tools of Meteorology
Wind vane –
is an instrument
used to determine
the direction of
winds.
Layers of the Atmosphere
Thermosphere – above 90km , 4th layer, thin atmosphere, temps increase with altitude from -80ºC to above 1000ºC – Ionosphere is part of thermosphere
(about 90-500km above Earth), where auroras take place.
Mesosphere – 3rd layer, 50-90km above Earth’s surface, temps drop with increasing altitude from -20ºC to -90ºC.
Stratosphere – 2nd layer, clear, dry layer, lower portion is cold about -60ºC to upper portion about-20ºC. Temperature increase caused by ozone (ozone absorbs ultraviolet rays from sun and then releases some of it energy in form of heat.
Troposphere – lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, temperatures decrease with altitude from 18ºC to -60ºC, contains most of water vapor in atmosphere so most of weather occurs here, plans fly here.
Layers of the Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere
Types of Clouds
Stratus clouds – layered, low clouds, form in stable air so it spreads out horizontally
Cumulus clouds – fluffy, grow upward, flat bases
Cirrus clouds – feathery, high clouds, feathery ice clouds
Alto – clouds between 2,000-7,000 meters
Nimbus – dark rain clouds
Types of Clouds
Types of Clouds - Cirrus
Types of Clouds - Cumulus
Types of Clouds - Stratus
Formation of a Cloud
Coriolis Effect and the Currents
Direction in which currents flow depends is influenced by the Coriolis Effect.
Air currents in Northern Hemisphere turn clockwise (to the right)
Air currents in the Southern Hemisphere turn counterclockwise (to the left)
Global Winds
Trade Winds
Westerlies
(where we live)
Kinds of Fronts
Cold Front – boundary between an advancing cold air mass and the warmer air mass it is displacing, moves quickly (about twice as fast as a warm front), precipitation associated with it usually ends shortly after the front passes
Warm Front – when warm air displaces cold air, warm air rises above denser cold air mass, weather changes are less dramatic, but precipitation may last for a day or more.
Occluded front – when a cold front catches up to a warm front, causes the warm caught between 2 colder air masses to rise, causes cloudiness and precipitation.
Stationary front – when a front is not moving forward, if the front remains stationary for too long flooding can occur.
Front Symbols
Warm and Cold Fronts
How to Read the Weather Symbols
Global Climates
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