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Questions in Cognitive PsychologyHow do people manage the flow of
information?How do people “decode” and store sensations
and perceptions?What’s in the “black box”?
Gestalt PsychologyGestalt – German word for “whole” or
“configuration”Emphasizes the study of unified patterns or
wholesPerception and insightNatural organizations
Jean PiagetSensorimotor Stage (up to 18
months)Preoperational Thinking (18 months
– 6 years)Concrete Operations (6 years – 11
years)Formal Operations (11 years and
older)
Sensation and PerceptionPerception – organizing and interpreting
sensory information (more cognitive)Sensation – unorganized, raw sensory
information (more biological)Bottom Up vs. Top Down Processing
Bottom Up – starts from the stimulusTop Down – starts with memory and prior
experience
MemoryRecall vs. RecognitionThree primary stages of memory
Sensory memoryShort-term memoryLong-term memory
Explicit vs. implicit memory
California Verbal Learning Test-II (Example)AppleOrangeCatOwlMonkeySparrowWaterPeach
DogBananaMilkPigeonHawkSodaJuiceSquirrel
LanguageProvides an infinite number of meanings and
messagesPhonemesMorphemesSyntax
Acquisition of language
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