Today’s standard- *Analyze works of literature for what is suggested about the historical period...

Today’s standard-Today’s standard-

*Analyze works of literature for what *Analyze works of literature for what is suggested about the historical period in is suggested about the historical period in which they were written.which they were written.

Objective- Gather information to Objective- Gather information to better understand Shakespeare better understand Shakespeare and his work Romeo & Juliet.and his work Romeo & Juliet.

William Shakespeare

Parker Presents

Life of William ShakespeareLife of William ShakespeareElizabethan Period 1558-1603Elizabethan Period 1558-1603

FamilyFamilyBorn around April 23, Born around April 23,

1564 in Stratford–on–1564 in Stratford–on–AvonAvon

33rdrd of 8 children of 8 childrenFamily was well offFamily was well offMost quoted, other than Most quoted, other than

the Biblethe Bible

The Dirt !The Dirt !Married Anne Married Anne

Hathaway at 18 - she Hathaway at 18 - she was 26!was 26!

Three childrenThree childrenAbsentee fatherAbsentee father

Life of William ShakespeareLife of William Shakespeare

Stratford-on-AvonStratford-on-Avon

Stratford-on-AvonStratford-on-Avon

London During ShakespeareLondon During Shakespeare’’s s DaysDays

No running water No running water or electricityor electricity

PovertyPoverty

Bathing considered dangerousBathing considered dangerousChildhood diseasesChildhood diseasesChildren often died youngChildren often died youngSmall Pox & Bubonic PlagueSmall Pox & Bubonic Plague

killed thousandskilled thousands

London During ShakespeareLondon During Shakespeare’’s s DaysDays

No running waterNo running waterChamber PotsChamber PotsOpen SewersOpen SewersCrowdedCrowded

London During ShakespeareLondon During Shakespeare’’s s DaysDays

ClothesClothesOne set used all year One set used all year

long, rarely washedlong, rarely washedUnderclothing slept in, Underclothing slept in,

rarely changedrarely changedClothes handed down Clothes handed down

from rich to poorfrom rich to poor

London During ShakespeareLondon During Shakespeare’’s s DaysDays

Theater in LondonTheater in London

The TheaterThe Theater First public theaterFirst public theater Demolished in 1599 Demolished in 1599

Theater in LondonTheater in London

The GlobeThe GlobePenny admissionPenny admissionHard to believe? ThinkHard to believe? Think

about admission to the about admission to the

movie theater in the movie theater in the ‘‘50s 50s

Theater in LondonTheater in London

Theater in LondonTheater in London

ActorsActorsAll menAll menFemale parts played by young boysFemale parts played by young boysNo actual kissing or hugging on stageNo actual kissing or hugging on stage

Audience Audience

2000-3000 people from all walks of life2000-3000 people from all walks of life Rich audience sat in covered galleries Rich audience sat in covered galleries

around stagearound stage Most stood in the pit around platform Most stood in the pit around platform

stage – stage – ““groundlingsgroundlings””

The groundlingThe groundling

Poor audience Poor audience membermember

Stood around stage Stood around stage in in ““the pitthe pit””

Threw rotten Threw rotten vegetables at bad vegetables at bad performancesperformances

The PlaysThe PlaysTragedyTragedy

Ends in the death Ends in the death of one or more of of one or more of the main the main characterscharacters

Most of Most of Shakespeare’s Shakespeare’s tragedies tragedies involved involved historicalhistorical individuals or individuals or events. events.

Tragic Endings Tragic Endings Most tragic heroes are partly to blame for Most tragic heroes are partly to blame for

their own fates and end up dying as a their own fates and end up dying as a result.result.

All of Shakespeare’s tragedies have a tragic hero.

Tragic HeroesTragic Heroes

All of Shakespeare’s tragedies have a All of Shakespeare’s tragedies have a tragic hero. tragic hero.

Often makes more than one bad judgmentOften makes more than one bad judgment Usually recognizes his mistakesUsually recognizes his mistakes We feel sympathy for him.We feel sympathy for him. The hero is often a man of high rank, such The hero is often a man of high rank, such

as a king or prince.as a king or prince. Will dieWill die

Line ReferencesLine References

Romeo & Juliet, II. i. 35

The play’s title is written in italics

The scene is in small Roman numerals

The act is written in capital Roman numerals

The line number is written as a normal number

New WordsNew WordsIn Shakespeare’s time . . . In Shakespeare’s time . . .

There were no dictionaries.There were no dictionaries.

There were no spelling rules.There were no spelling rules.

Shakespeare created over 2,000 Shakespeare created over 2,000

words.words.Wordplay, bawdy jokes, and lofty language Wordplay, bawdy jokes, and lofty language appealed to Elizabethan audiences.appealed to Elizabethan audiences.

Shakespeare’s WordsShakespeare’s Words

Hint eyeball majestic laughable generous gloomy

fashionable undress

Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet

Think & WriteThink & WriteWhen family differences stand When family differences stand between two people, it can be between two people, it can be destructive because_______________.destructive because_______________.

Skills for this Unit: Skills for this Unit:

• Understand globe theater Understand globe theater • Summarize and paraphrase complex text Summarize and paraphrase complex text • Analyze characters Analyze characters

(protagonist/antagonist, flat/round, (protagonist/antagonist, flat/round, static/dynamic, stock)static/dynamic, stock)

• Analyze conflicts (internal/external),Analyze conflicts (internal/external),• Analyze stage directions, dialogue and Analyze stage directions, dialogue and

dramatic speeches (monologue, dramatic speeches (monologue, soliloquy, aside)soliloquy, aside)

• Analyze themeAnalyze theme

What are we about to read? What are we about to read?

This play is a tragedy-it traces the downfall of This play is a tragedy-it traces the downfall of the main character, often called the tragic the main character, often called the tragic hero. hero.

Tragic hero-admired character, but has a Tragic hero-admired character, but has a major flaw that causes his downfall. major flaw that causes his downfall.

Overall Structure Overall Structure

Called a “five act play” Called a “five act play” Act 1-IntroductionAct 1-IntroductionAct 2- Rising ActionAct 2- Rising ActionAct 3-ClimaxAct 3-ClimaxAct 4-Falling ActionAct 4-Falling ActionAct 5- Resolution Act 5- Resolution

Romeo and Juliet: BackgroundRomeo and Juliet: Background

• Act I

The Elizabethan audience expected a drama to unfold in five predictable segments.

Introduction Climactic moment, resolution

Crisis, or turning point

• Act IV

• Act III

• Act II

• Act V

Rising action

Falling action

Globe TheaterGlobe Theater

The Globe- most famous theater in the history The Globe- most famous theater in the history of English stage, for many more of of English stage, for many more of Shakespeare’s plays were performed there. Shakespeare’s plays were performed there.

It was a round theater with a central stage It was a round theater with a central stage open to the sky. open to the sky.

Summarize and Paraphrase: Summarize and Paraphrase: What’s the difference?What’s the difference?

Summarize-briefly stating the idea of a text in Summarize-briefly stating the idea of a text in a few sentences. a few sentences.

Paraphrase-summarize a text LINE by LINE.Paraphrase-summarize a text LINE by LINE.

Analyze CharactersAnalyze Characters

Dynamic-a character changes and grows Dynamic-a character changes and grows Static- a character remains the same Static- a character remains the same Flat-one dimensional; has only one or two Flat-one dimensional; has only one or two

qualitiesqualities Round-multi-dimensional; has many qualities Round-multi-dimensional; has many qualities Stock character-a stereotypical character Stock character-a stereotypical character

(villian, mean librarian, etc.) (villian, mean librarian, etc.)

Remember a character can be flat and static. Remember a character can be flat and static. Most flat, static characters are also Most flat, static characters are also stereotypical, or stock characters. stereotypical, or stock characters.

A character can be dynamic and round at the A character can be dynamic and round at the same time.same time.

Analyze ConflictsAnalyze Conflicts

Internal- man vs. self (Example: Should I Internal- man vs. self (Example: Should I cheat?)cheat?)

External- man vs. man External- man vs. man

DialogueDialogueDialogue= conversation between characters. Dialogue= conversation between characters.

Prose dialogue is written in quotation marks.Prose dialogue is written in quotation marks. In drama, it generally follows the name of the In drama, it generally follows the name of the

speaker- seen belowspeaker- seen below

BENVOLIO. My noble uncle, do you know the BENVOLIO. My noble uncle, do you know the cause?cause?

MONTAGUE. I neither know. MONTAGUE. I neither know.

Stage Directions Stage Directions

• Notes in a play that describe how the Notes in a play that describe how the work should be performed, or staged- work should be performed, or staged- such as scenes, lighting, sound such as scenes, lighting, sound effects and character actions. effects and character actions.

• Usually set in italics and are Usually set in italics and are sometimes set off in brackets or sometimes set off in brackets or parentheses. parentheses.

• Example:Example:• Scene iii. Friar Lawrence’s cell [Enter Scene iii. Friar Lawrence’s cell [Enter

FRIAR LAWRENCE alone, with a basket.]FRIAR LAWRENCE alone, with a basket.]

Stage DirectionsStage Directions

Sally: Good Morning, teacher.Sally: Good Morning, teacher.Teacher: Good Morning, Sally.Teacher: Good Morning, Sally.Sally: What do you want us to do this Sally: What do you want us to do this morning?morning?Teacher: I want you to get out your Teacher: I want you to get out your homework.homework.Sally: Great.Sally: Great.

Same skit with stage directions included. Same skit with stage directions included.

Sally: (loudly) Good Morning, teacher.Sally: (loudly) Good Morning, teacher.Teacher: (acting irritated) Good Teacher: (acting irritated) Good Morning, Sally.Morning, Sally.Sally: (laughs rudely) What do you want Sally: (laughs rudely) What do you want us to do this morning?us to do this morning?Teacher: (sternly) I want you to get out Teacher: (sternly) I want you to get out your homework.your homework.Sally: (sarcastically) Great.Sally: (sarcastically) Great.

And again.And again.

Sally: (cheerfully) Good Morning, Sally: (cheerfully) Good Morning, teacher.teacher.Teacher: (smiles) Good Morning, Teacher: (smiles) Good Morning, Sally.Sally.Sally: (sweetly) What do you want us Sally: (sweetly) What do you want us to do this morning?to do this morning?Teacher: (energetically) I want you to Teacher: (energetically) I want you to get out your homework.get out your homework.Sally: (excitedly) Great.Sally: (excitedly) Great.

Dramatic SpeechesDramatic Speeches

Monologue- a long, uninterrupted speech Monologue- a long, uninterrupted speech delivered to other characters on stage.delivered to other characters on stage.

Soliloquy- (solo) a speech in which a Soliloquy- (solo) a speech in which a character, alone on stage, reveals private character, alone on stage, reveals private thoughts that the audience is allowed to thoughts that the audience is allowed to overhear.overhear.

Aside-a brief remark a character makes to the Aside-a brief remark a character makes to the audience rather than to the other characters. audience rather than to the other characters.

Now use your guided notes paper- Now use your guided notes paper- AGAIN.AGAIN.

Romeo & Juliet!!Romeo & Juliet!!

Romeo and Juliet: IntroductionRomeo and Juliet: Introduction

Verona, ItalyVerona, Italy

Feud between Capulets and MontaguesFeud between Capulets and Montagues

The Montagues and the Capulets hate each other.

Romeo and Juliet: IntroductionRomeo and Juliet: Introduction

Is there such a thing as love at first sight? Is there such a thing as love at first sight?

Romeo Montague sneaks into a Capulet party.

He and Juliet Capulet can’t take their eyes off each other.

That’s before the well known romantic exchange on her balcony.

Romeo and Juliet: IntroductionRomeo and Juliet: Introduction

But the couple has a friend in the local priest—But the couple has a friend in the local priest—if only Friar Laurence can coax the families if only Friar Laurence can coax the families toward peace. toward peace.

Neither family is pleased with their interest in each other.

Romeo and Juliet: IntroductionRomeo and Juliet: Introduction

and even leads and even leads to revenge and to revenge and death.death.

But meanwhile, the feud between the families

is getting worse

Romeo and Juliet: BackgroundRomeo and Juliet: Background

• In Romeo and Juliet a prologue in sonnet (type of poem) form summarizes the play for the audience

Prologue- introduction before the first act.

• Most lines in the play, like the lines of a sonnet, are in iambic pentameter—ten syllables of a steady unaccented/accented pattern.•Creates a beat/rhythm when read.

Romeo and Juliet question Romeo and Juliet question

During the 1300s in Verona, Italy— in the setting During the 1300s in Verona, Italy— in the setting for for Romeo and Juliet—Romeo and Juliet—it was customary for a it was customary for a father to arrange a suitable marriage for his father to arrange a suitable marriage for his daughter.daughter.

Prologue activityPrologue activity

Do 1-5 thoroughly for homework.Do 1-5 thoroughly for homework.

Stage Directions Exit Stage Directions Exit Questions 1 & 2Questions 1 & 2

Choose the correct description for the following words in Choose the correct description for the following words in parenthesis:parenthesis:

(Reciting)(Reciting)(whistling)(whistling)(at the gate)(at the gate)

A They establish the setting and foreshadow upcoming A They establish the setting and foreshadow upcoming conflict.conflict.

B They contribute to the characterization and B They contribute to the characterization and relationship between the actors.relationship between the actors.

C They indicate how the lines should be spoken and C They indicate how the lines should be spoken and describe offstage activity.describe offstage activity.

D They describe what the stage looks like and how the D They describe what the stage looks like and how the actors should speak and move.actors should speak and move.

What would be gained if the drama were What would be gained if the drama were performed instead of read?performed instead of read?

A The emotions of the characters would A The emotions of the characters would be more apparent.be more apparent.

B The characters would be more essential B The characters would be more essential to the plot.to the plot.

C The plot would come to a conclusion C The plot would come to a conclusion more quickly.more quickly.

D The foreshadowing would be more D The foreshadowing would be more effective.effective.

2015 STOP HERE2015 STOP HERE

Literature book page 808 ACT I

Sampson: Nurse: Gregory: Mercutio: Abram: Servingman 1: Benvolio: Servingman 2: Tybalt: Servingman 3: Officer: Capulet: Lady Capulet: Montague: Lady Montague: Prince: Romeo: Juliet:

Romeo and Juliet Exit ticketRomeo and Juliet Exit ticket

Who is fighting in the beginning of Who is fighting in the beginning of Act I?Act I?

What does Aside mean?What does Aside mean?

Are you confused about the play? Are you confused about the play? Write your question here on your paper.Write your question here on your paper.