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2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10 - Page 1All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem
2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
STUDENT GUIDE
TMO18003 D0 SG DEN I1.0Issue 01
All rights reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008 Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel-Lucent
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Terms of Use and Legal Notices
Switch to notes view!1. Safety Warning
Both lethal and dangerous voltages may be present within the products used herein. The user is strongly advised not to
wear conductive jewelry while working on the products. Always observe all safety precautions and do not work on the
equipment alone.
The equipment used during this course may be electrostatic sensitive. Please observe correct anti-static precautions.
2. Trade Marks
Alcatel-Lucent and MainStreet are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent.
All other trademarks, service marks and logos (“Marks”) are the property of their respective holders, including Alcatel-
Lucent. Users are not permitted to use these Marks without the prior consent of Alcatel-Lucent or such third party owning
the Mark. The absence of a Mark identifier is not a representation that a particular product or service name is not a Mark.
Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the information presented herein, which may be subject to
change without notice.
3. Copyright
This document contains information that is proprietary to Alcatel-Lucent and may be used for training purposes only. No
other use or transmission of all or any part of this document is permitted without Alcatel-Lucent’s written permission, and
must include all copyright and other proprietary notices. No other use or transmission of all or any part of its contents may
be used, copied, disclosed or conveyed to any party in any manner whatsoever without prior written permission from
Alcatel-Lucent.
Use or transmission of all or any part of this document in violation of any applicable legislation is hereby expressly
prohibited.
User obtains no rights in the information or in any product, process, technology or trademark which it includes or
describes, and is expressly prohibited from modifying the information or creating derivative works without the express
written consent of Alcatel-Lucent.
All rights reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
4. Disclaimer
In no event will Alcatel-Lucent be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, including
lost profits, lost business or lost data, resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information, whether or not Alcatel-
Lucent has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Mention of non-Alcatel-Lucent products or services is for information purposes only and constitutes neither an
endorsement, nor a recommendation.
This course is intended to train the student about the overall look, feel, and use of Alcatel-Lucent products. The
information contained herein is representational only. In the interest of file size, simplicity, and compatibility and, in some
cases, due to contractual limitations, certain compromises have been made and therefore some features are not entirely
accurate.
Please refer to technical practices supplied by Alcatel-Lucent for current information concerning Alcatel-Lucent equipment
and its operation, or contact your nearest Alcatel-Lucent representative for more information.
The Alcatel-Lucent products described or used herein are presented for demonstration and training purposes only. Alcatel-
Lucent disclaims any warranties in connection with the products as used and described in the courses or the related
documentation, whether express, implied, or statutory. Alcatel-Lucent specifically disclaims all implied warranties,
including warranties of merchantability, non-infringement and fitness for a particular purpose, or arising from a course of
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Alcatel-Lucent is not responsible for any failures caused by: server errors, misdirected or redirected transmissions, failed
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5. Governing Law
The products, documentation and information contained herein, as well as these Terms of Use and Legal Notices are
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Notices, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid for any reason, unenforceable including,
but not limited to, the warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, then such provision shall be deemed superseded by a
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Terms of Use and Legal Notices shall remain in full force and effect.
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Course Outline
About This CourseCourse outline
Technical support
Course objectives
1. Topic/Section is Positioned HereXxx
Xxx
Xxx
2. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
3. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
4. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
5. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
6. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
7. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
1. 2G-3G Mobility
1. Objectives of the Mobility Algorithms between 2G and 3G
2. PLMN and Radio Access Technology Selection
3. Cell Selection
4. Cell Reselection from 2G to 3G
5. Handover from 2G to 3G
6. Impacts of 2G3G Mobility on CS and PS Services
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Course Outline [cont.]
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Course Objectives
Switch to notes view!
Welcome to 2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:
� Describe radio algorithms and radio parameters of the Alcatel-Lucent BSS and UTRAN sub-
systems which are responsible for the mobility between 2G and 3G RAT
� Describe the objectives of the mobility algorithms from BSS to UTRAN
� Describe how the Network Operator or the User can favor either 2G or 3G at PLMN selection
� Describe how the mobile selects a 2G cell or a 3G cell after RAT selection
� Describe the 2G radio measurements used for Inter-RAT cell reselection and Inter-RAT
Handover
� Describe the phases of cell selection and reselection, the associated 2G algorithms and
parameters
� Describe the phases of Inter-RAT handovers, the associated 2G algorithms and parameters
� Describe the impact of the Inter-RAT mobility on CS and PS services.
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Course Objectives [cont.]
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About this Student Guide
� Switch to notes view!Conventions used in this guide
Where you can get further information
If you want further information you can refer to the following:
� Technical Practices for the specific product
� Technical support page on the Alcatel website: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com
Note
Provides you with additional information about the topic being discussed.
Although this information is not required knowledge, you might find it useful
or interesting.
Technical Reference (1) 24.348.98 – Points you to the exact section of Alcatel-Lucent Technical
Practices where you can find more information on the topic being discussed.
WarningAlerts you to instances where non-compliance could result in equipment
damage or personal injury.
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About this Student Guide [cont.]
� Switch to notes view!
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Self-assessment of Objectives
� At the end of each section you will be asked to fill this questionnaire
� Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
Switch to notes view!
Instructional objectives Yes (or globally yes)
No (or globally no)
Comments
1 To be able to XXX
2
Contract number :
Course title :
Client (Company, Center) :
Language : Dates from : to :
Number of trainees : Location :
Surname, First name :
Did you meet the following objectives ?
Tick the corresponding box
Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
����
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Self-assessment of Objectives [cont.]
Switch to notes view!
Instructional objectives Yes (or Globally yes)
No (or globally no)
Comments
Thank you for your answers to this questionnaire
Other comments
����
Section 1 � Module 1 � Page 1
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Module 1Objectives of the Mobility Algorithms between 2G and 3G
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
� Describe the objectives of the radio algorithms implemented in BSS and UTRAN in order to manage the mobility of the user in the network
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!Page
1 Presentation of the Objectives 71.1 Providing Access to the Service 81.2 Providing Continuity of Service 91.3 Providing the Required Quality for the Service 10
2 Radio Algorithm Parameters Setting 112.1 Distribution of Mono-Mode 2G / Bi-Mode 2G-3G Users 122.2 Density of 3G Sites Compared to 2G 132.3 Call Mix for CS and PS Services 14
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Table of Contents [cont.]
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1 Presentation of the Objectives
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1 Presentation of the Objectives
1.1 Providing Access to the Service
� Sufficient coverage, resource and quality
2GRAT
3GRAT
BEST COVERAGE
BEST RESOURCE
BEST QUALITY
BEST COVERAGE
BEST QUALITY
The first objective of the 2G-3G mobility is to provide every time and everywhere the access to the service
with the best possible coverage, quality and resource availability.
RAT: Radio Access Technology
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1 Presentation of the Objectives
1.2 Providing Continuity of Service
� In case of 3G coverage holes, the 2G layer is used to provide continuity of service:
� 3G border areas
� Indoor
� Site delay
HO 3G coverage
2G coverageSub-urban area
3GBTS
3G coverage
Hole!
2G coverage
3G2Gonly
Another objective of the 2G-3G mobility/interoperability is to provide continuity of service.
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1 Presentation of the Objectives
1.3 Providing the Required Quality for the Service
� Strategy is to keep 3G subscribers on 3G layer:
� to guarantee a good bit rate for PS service
� to promote 3G
� to limit impact on 2G network
3G2G
3G
TODAY
TODAY
TODAY
TODAY
AVAILAB
LE !
AVAILAB
LE !
AVAILAB
LE !
AVAILAB
LE !
COVERED
CITY !
COVERED
CITY !
Even if this training covers only 2G- to-3G scenarios, these objectives can be fully reached only if entire 2G-
3G mobility is available (2G to 3G and 3G to 2G).
Concerning the limitation of the impact on 2G, we deal with the case where the 2G network is already
highly loaded.
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2 Radio Algorithm Parameters Setting
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2 Radio Algorithm Parameters Setting
2.1 Distribution of Mono-Mode 2G / Bi-Mode 2G-3G Users
� As the strategy is to keep bi-mode MS on 3G cells, in case of high 3G MS penetration (> 50% for example), 3G cells can be overloaded.
� So, it is necessary to use other criteria to unload 3G areas:Only 3G MSs performing data transfer are kept on 3G cells.
………
VIDEOrunning
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
VIDEOrunning
VIDEOrunning
VIDEOrunning
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
………………
………
………
………………
3G
2G
A compromise has to be found: Keep 3G MS on 3G area.
But if there are too many 3G MSs or too much traffic, then 2G is preferred for Voice.
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2 Radio Algorithm Pparameters Setting
2.2 Density of 3G Sites Compared to 2G
� The density of the 3G sites also has to be taken into account.Particularly if the traffic is High (anyway, in case of low traffic, the 3G is preferred).
HIGH TRAFFICLOW 3G DENSITY
HIGH TRAFFICHIGH 3G DENSITY
3G
3GCS
traffic
PStraffic
CStraffic
See above:Depend on 3G MS penetration
CALL
29604765
Peter Falk
2G 2G
3GVIDEOrunning?
If the traffic is:
� low, all bi-mode MSs can stay on 3G.
� High with:
� low 3G coverage, 2G area will be preferred for voice while 3G area will be preferred for Data.
� High 3G coverage, it will depend on 3G MS penetration: if the 3G MS penetration is low, all traffic
(CS + PS) can be kept on 3G area.
Hightraffic ?
High 3Gpenetration ?
High 3Gcoverage ?
Voice?
Bimode MS
3G 2G
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
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2 Radio Algorithm Parameters Setting
2.3 Call Mix for CS and PS Services
� Due to the importance of Bit Rates for PS services, if everybody cannot be kept on 3G cell for one or several of the reasons seen before, PStraffic will be preferred…
IN ORDER TO REACH THE OBJECTIVES MENTIONED AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS CHAPTER.
If ensuring a good quality is not possible or if there is not enough space for everybody on 3G layer, then
only PS traffic will be kept, while CS traffic will be sent on 2G layer if possible.
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Exercise
� In the table below, on which RAT should the CS and PS services of bi-mode users be favored?
� Possible answers:
� On 3G for CS and PS
� On 2G for CS and PS
� On 3G for PS, On 2G for CS
� On 3G for CS, On 2G for PS
� Depends on …
Density of 3G Sites
3G Traffic
Same as 2G
Lower than 2G
HIGHLOW
2G RAT 3G RAT
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Self-assessment on the Objectives
� Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module
� The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation
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End of ModuleObjectives of the Mobility Algorithms between 2G and 3G
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Module 2PLMN and Radio Access Technology Selection
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
� Describe how the network operator or the user can give priority to an RATrather than to another one
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!Page
1 Data Stored in the USIM 71.1 List 81.2 Management and Usage 9
2 PLMN and RAT Selection Algorithm 112.1 Switch on 122.2 Automatic Mode 132.3 Manual Mode 14
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Table of Contents [cont.]
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1 Data Stored in the USIM
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1 Data Stored in the USIM
1.1 List
� User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field
� Operator-Controlled PLMN Selector list
� User-Controlled PLMN Selector list
� Access Technology identifier (e.g. UTRAN or GERAN)
� Registered PLMN
� Group of equivalent PLMNs (to the registered one in case of shared PLMN)
� Forbidden PLMN data field** (may be extended in ME* memory)
� Interval between attempts (for periodic network selection attempts)
� Population number (Access Class 0 to 9 randomly allocated)
� Special category(ies) (PLMN Staff, Emergency Services, etc.)
A “User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field” exists on the USIM to allow the user to indicate a preference
for network selection.
A list of preferred networks controlled by the user.
A list of preferred networks controlled by the operator.
An Access technology Identifier to identify the preferred RAT.
The registered PLMN (on which the mobile is camping) is also stored.
If registration is unsuccessful, the UE shall ensure that there is no registered PLMN stored in the SIM/USIM.
It shall also be possible to indicate to the UE that a group of PLMNs are equivalent to the registered PLMN
regarding PLMN selection, cell selection/re-selection and handover (case of shared PLMN).
* ME: Mobile Equipment
** Another forbidden list is stored in ME: “Forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service”
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1 Data Stored in the USIM
1.2 Management and Usage
User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field My preferred Network
My preferredNetworks list:
Net1 GERANNet2 GERAN *Net3 GERANNet1 UTRANNet4 UTRAN
Operator preferredNetworks list:
Net4 UTRANNet1 UTRANNet4 GERANNet1 GERANNet3 GERANOperator-Controlled
PLMN Selector list
User-Controlled PLMN Selector list
Access Technology identifier
USIM
Under user
control
Under operator
control
My camping PLMNUnder UE / Network control
Equivalence with Registered PLMN
RegisteredPLMNidentity
User-Controlled PLMN Selector data field can be updated by the subscriber.
Operator-Controlled PLMN Selector data field can be updated by the operator.
Preferred PLMNs in priority order (multiple occurrences possible with different Access Technology
identifiers).
Section 1 � Module 2 � Page 10
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1 � 2 � 10
1 Data Stored in the USIM
1.2 Management and Usage [cont.]
15 (Staff) , 14 (Emergency)
Forbidden PLMN data field
USIM
Under operator
control
POP 7
Under UE / Network
control
PLMN “Bozou”
18 minutes
Population number
Interval betweenattempts
Special categories
Population number:
Under specific circumstances (and not under normal operating conditions). For example, during states of
emergency, or where 1 out of 2 or more co-located PLMNs has failed, it will be desirable to prevent UE
users from making access attempts (including emergency call) or responding to pages in specified area.
The class(es) of subscribers barred from network access should be broadcast on cell basis.
The network operator can prevent overload of the access channel under critical conditions.
Each UE is member of one randomly allocated mobile populations, defined as Access Classes 0 to 9.
In addition, mobiles may be members of one out of 5 (or more) special categories (Access Classes 11 to 15).
These are allocated to specific high-priority users as follows. (The enumeration is not meant as a priority
sequence):
Special Categories:
Class15-PLMN Staff; Class14-Emergency Services; Class13-Public Utilities (e.g. water/gas suppliers); Class12-
Security Services; Class11-For PLMN Use.
An additional control bit known as "Access Class 10" indicates if network access for Emergency Calls is
allowed for UEs with access classes 0 to 9 or without an IMSI.
Forbidden PLMN Data Field:
When a registration attempt by the UE is rejected by a network with an indication of "permanent" PLMN
restriction, the PLMN identity shall be written to a list of "Forbidden PLMNs".
Interval between attempts:
Interval between which periodic network selection shall be attempted. Shall be between 6 minutes and 8
hours, with a step size of 6 minutes. One value is designated to indicate that no periodic attempts shall be
made.
In the absence of a permitted value in the SIM/USIM, or the SIM/USIM is phase 1 and therefore does not
contain the datafield, then a default value of 60 minutes shall be used by the UE.
(Ref: 3GPP TS 22.011)
Section 1 � Module 2 � Page 11
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1 � 2 � 11
2 PLMN and RAT Selection Algorithm
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1 � 2 � 12
2 PLMN and RAT Selection Algorithm
2.1 Switch on
� The MS supports both manual and automatic modes.
� The MS switches on: the last mode is selected by default.
� The user can switch from one mode to another at any time.
� The selected and available PLMNs are displayed.
� Normal operation
Switch Onor
Coveragecoming back
RegisteredPLMN present
In USIM
Covered byRegistered PLMN
NewLA LU
Registrationsuccess
NetworkselectionEquivalent
AutomaticOr
Manualmode
../..
Y
N
Y Y Y
N
N
NY
Section 1 � Module 2 � Page 13
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1 � 2 � 13
2 PLMN and RAT Selection Algorithm
2.2 Automatic Mode
� The MS selects and attempts registration on other PLMNs:
HPLMN+ preferred RATin specified
order
"User-ControlledPLMN Selector with
RAT“
"Operator-Controlled PLMNSelector with
RAT"
Other PLMN/RAT with SufficientQuality (random
Order)
OtherPLMN/RAT with best
quality
No Registered
or equivalent
PLMN coverage
Registration
N N
N
N
“No Service”displayed
N
Y
Y
YY
Y
To be selected, a PLMN must not be in the “Forbidden PLMN” data field of the SIM/USIM or in the extension
of this field in the Mobile memory.
At least one cell identified as belonging to the PLMN must support the voice service.
Section 1 � Module 2 � Page 14
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1 � 2 � 14
2 PLMN and RAT Selection Algorithm
2.3 Manual Mode
� The MS indicates all available PLMNs, the forbidden ones inclusive, in the same order as for the selection in Automatic mode:
� HPLMN
� PLMNs of "User-Controlled PLMN Selector" data field
� PLMNs of "Operator-Controlled PLMN Selector" data field
� PLMN/RAT combinations with sufficient received signal level
� PLMN/access technology combinations in order of decreasing signal strength
N u ll S w it c h o n , n o S IM
S w itc h o n w i th S IM
Y e sS IM in s e r te d
S e le c tr e g is te r e d
P L M N
Is
t h e re a
R P L M N
?
N o S IM
N o
T ry in gR P L M N
C
R e g is t r a t io ns u c c e s s
R e g is t r a t io nf a i lu r e
A B
In d ic a tes e le c te dP L M N
L U r e s p o n s e" R o a m in gn o t a l lo w e d "
E A T r y in gP L M N
O n V P L M Na n d t im e o u to c c u r s
D
AY e se s
A n ya l lo w a b leP L M N sa v a i la b le
?
O n P L M N
C
L o s s o f r a d ioc o v e r a g e o f
s e le c t e d P L M N * *
S e le c t f i r s t *P L M N in l i s t
S e le c t n e x t *P L M N in l i s t
U s e rr e - s e le c t io n
R e g is t r a t io ns u c c e s s f u l
R e g is t r a t io nfa i lu r e , m o re in l is t
B
R e g is t r a t io nfa i lu r e , n o m o r ein l is t
D
M o v e la s ts e le c te d P L M Nte m p o r a r i l y in to
l is t
N oA n y
P L M N s
& a l lo w a b le?
a v a i la b leS e le c t R P L M No r H P L M N i f
n o n e
H ig h e r p r io r i t yP L M NP L M N s e a r c h
GP L M N
b a c k g ro u n ds e a r c h
H ig h e r p r io r i t yP L M N n o t P L M N fo u n d
E A
Y e s
C
S e le c t f i r s ta v a i la b le a n d
a l lo w a b le P L M Nin l is t
AG
N o
W a it fo r P L M N s
to a p p e a r
P L M N a v a i la b lea n d a l lo w a b le
P L M N a v a i la b lea n d a l lo w a b le ,w h ic h is n o tR P L M N
E A
R e g is t e r e d
S w it c h O f f
S IM r e m o v e do r in v a l id S IM
U s e r r e s e le c t io n
H ig h e r p r io r i t y
f o u n d
N u l l S w it c h o n , n o S IM
S w itc h o n w i th S IM
Y e sS IM in s e r te d
S e le c tr e g is te r e d
P L M N
Is
t h e re a
R P L M N
?
N o S IM
N o
T ry in gR P L M N
C
R e g is t r a t io ns u c c e s s
R e g is t r a t io nf a i lu r e
A B
In d ic a tes e le c te dP L M N
L U r e s p o n s e" R o a m in gn o t a l lo w e d "
E A T r y in gP L M N
O n V P L M Na n d t im e o u to c c u r s
D
AY e se s
A n ya l lo w a b leP L M N sa v a i la b le
?
O n P L M N
C
L o s s o f r a d ioc o v e r a g e o f
s e le c t e d P L M N * *
S e le c t f i r s t *P L M N in l i s t
S e le c t n e x t *P L M N in l i s t
U s e rr e - s e le c t io n
R e g is t r a t io ns u c c e s s f u l
R e g is t r a t io nfa i lu r e , m o re in l is t
B
R e g is t r a t io nfa i lu r e , n o m o r ein l is t
D
M o v e la s ts e le c te d P L M Nte m p o r a r i l y in to
l is t
N oA n y
P L M N s
& a l lo w a b le?
a v a i la b leS e le c t R P L M No r H P L M N i f
n o n e
H ig h e r p r io r i t yP L M NP L M N s e a r c h
GP L M N
b a c k g ro u n ds e a r c h
H ig h e r p r io r i t yP L M N n o t P L M N fo u n d
E A
Y e s
C
S e le c t f i r s ta v a i la b le a n d
a l lo w a b le P L M Nin l is t
S w itc h o n w i th S IM
Y e sS IM in s e r te d
S e le c tr e g is te r e d
P L M N
Is
t h e re a
R P L M N
?
N o S IM
N o
T ry in gR P L M N
C
R e g is t r a t io ns u c c e s s
R e g is t r a t io nf a i lu r e
A B
In d ic a tes e le c te dP L M N
L U r e s p o n s e" R o a m in gn o t a l lo w e d "
E A T r y in gP L M N
O n V P L M Na n d t im e o u to c c u r s
D
AY e se s
A n ya l lo w a b leP L M N sa v a i la b le
?
O n P L M N
C
L o s s o f r a d ioc o v e r a g e o f
s e le c t e d P L M N * *
S e le c t f i r s t *P L M N in l i s t
S e le c t n e x t *P L M N in l i s t
U s e rr e - s e le c t io n
R e g is t r a t io ns u c c e s s f u l
R e g is t r a t io nfa i lu r e , m o re in l is t
B
R e g is t r a t io nfa i lu r e , n o m o r ein l is t
D
M o v e la s ts e le c te d P L M Nte m p o r a r i l y in to
l is t
N oA n y
P L M N s
& a l lo w a b le?
a v a i la b leS e le c t R P L M No r H P L M N i f
n o n e
H ig h e r p r io r i t yP L M NP L M N s e a r c h
GP L M N
b a c k g ro u n ds e a r c h
H ig h e r p r io r i t yP L M N n o t P L M N fo u n d
E A
Y e s
C
S e le c t f i r s ta v a i la b le a n d
a l lo w a b le P L M Nin l is t
AG
N o
W a it fo r P L M N s
to a p p e a r
P L M N a v a i la b lea n d a l lo w a b le
P L M N a v a i la b lea n d a l lo w a b le ,w h ic h is n o tR P L M N
E A
R e g is t e r e d
S w it c h O f f
S IM r e m o v e do r in v a l id S IM
U s e r r e s e le c t io n
H ig h e r p r io r i t y
f o u n d
Section 1 � Module 2 � Page 15
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1 � 2 � 15
Exercise
� What are the 3 entities capable of decision for RAT selection?
� What are the different fields present in SIM/USIM?
Section 1 � Module 2 � Page 16
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1 � 2 � 16
Self-assessment on the Objectives
� Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module
� The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation
Section 1 � Module 2 � Page 17
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1 � 2 � 17
End of ModulePLMN and Radio Access Technology Selection
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 1
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Do not delete this graphic elements in here:
1�3All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
Module 3Cell Selection
3JK11186AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 12G-3G Mobility
Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
TMO18003 D0 SG DEN I1.0
Issue 01
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First editionLast name, first nameYYYY-MM-DD01
RemarksAuthorDateEdition
Document History
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
� Describe the Alcatel-Lucent BSS and UTRAN radio algorithms responsible for 2G cell selection and 3G cell selection
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!Page
1 2G Cell Selection Algorithm 71.1 Principle 81.2 Parameters 91.3 Algorithm 10
2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm 112.1 Principle 122.2 Parameters 142.3 Algorithms 15
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Table of Contents [cont.]
Switch to notes view!
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1 2G Cell Selection Algorithm
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1 2G Cell Selection Algorithm
1.1 Principle
� At startup (IMSI Attach), the MS selects a cell with best C1
� Once “camped on” one cell (in idle mode)…
� … the MS can decide to reselect another cell if:
� the C1 criterion is too low.
� the MS cannot decode downlink messages.
� the current cell has become forbidden (e.g. barred).
� the MS cannot access the cell.
� there is a better cell, regarding the C2 criterion (as seen in reselection section).
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 9
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1 2G Cell Selection Algorithm
1.2 Parameters
� The C1 criterion ensures that, if a call is attempted, it will be madewith a sufficient downlink and uplink received level.
� The C1 criterion is based on 2 parameters, broadcast on BCCH:
� RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN [dBm]
� minimum level to access the cell
� MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH [dBm]
� maximum level for MS emitting
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1 2G Cell Selection Algorithm
1.3 Algorithm
� The C1 criterion is evaluated every 5 seconds (minimum):
� C1 = A - MAX(0,B) > 0
� A = RxLev - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
� assess that the MS received level is sufficient
� B = MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P
� P maximum power of MS
� assess that the BTS received level will be sufficient
� if MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH < P
� If A > 0 & B < 0 OK, if B > 0, it can be compensated by A
� A >> 0 means that the MS is closer to the BTS
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2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm
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2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm
2.1 Principle
� In 3G, a cell is not defined only with a frequency but with bothfrequency and Scrambling Code (SC).
� The cell search procedure is performed by the UE in 3 steps:� Slot synchronization
� Using Primary Synchronization Channel (PSCH)- The same PSCH is used over all the system.- The “Pick” in the band with the best signal level is selected.
� Frame synchronization and code-group identification� Using Secondary Synchronization Channel (SSCH).- SSCH is different from one cell to another.
� Scrambling-code identification� The UE determines the scrambling code used by the cell (symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group identified in the second step).
The primary scrambling code has been identified.The Primary CCPCH can be detected.The system and cell specific BCH information can be read.
BUT IS IT THE BEST CELL? IS A RESELECTION NECESSARY?
If the conditions for selection (Level and Quality) are not fulfilled,
then
the "pick" in the band with the second best signal level is selected... Etc.
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 13
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2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm
2.1 Principle [cont.]
� Depending on the signal strength and quality level, the UE will decide to perform or not a reselection.
� For this reselection, the UE can search for a cell over:
� the same frequency (IntraFreq): here in blue (other scrambling code)
� different frequencies (InterFreq): here in red
� all available frequencies (including 2G): here in green
AccesspendingPSCH
SSCH xPSCH
SSCH z
PSCH
SSCH y
GSM
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 14
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2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm
2.2 Parameters
� To decide for level and quality:
� Qqualmin
� Qrxlevmin
� sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach
� To decide for reselection:
� sIntraSearch
� sInterSearch
� sSearchRatGsm
Squal = CPICH_Ec/No - qQualMin
sIntraSearch
sInterSearch
sSearchRatGsmMeasurement
on same frequency
Measurement on other
frequencies Measurement on other RAT
Good
Bad
These parametersdo not concern
BSS but UTRAN tuning
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 15
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2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm
2.3 Algorithms
� Cell Selected if:
� Squal > 0 ⇔ CPICH_Ec/No > QqualMin
� and
� Srxlev > 0 ⇔ CPICH_RSCP > Qrxlevmin + Pcompensation
� With:
� Squal = Qqualmeas – Qqualmin
� Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas – Qrxlevmin – Pcompensation
� Pcompensation = max (sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach – P_MAX, 0)
Pcompensation is an uplink constraint.
Indeed, the cell is disadvantaged if the class of the UE doesn’t allow it to transmit over sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach.
P_MAX depends on the UE class (see notes).
The measured Quality (Qqualmeas) is called CPICH_Ec/No.
The measured Level (Qrxlevmeas) is called CPICH_RSCP.
P_MAX depends on the UE Class
+21 dBm4
+24 dBm3
+27 dBm2
+33 dBm1
P_MAXUE Class
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 16
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2 3G Cell Selection Algorithm
2.3 Algorithms [cont.]
� The UE looks for another cell to select:
� “inside” the same frequency (intraFreq)
� IF Squal ≤ sIntraSearch
� Over other FDD frequencies (interFreq)
� IF Squal ≤ sInterSearch
� Over frequencies of other RAT (interRat)
� IF Squal ≤ sSearchRatGsm
+21 dBm4
+24 dBm3
+27 dBm2
+33 dBm1
P_MAXUE Class
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 17
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Exercise
� Case 1: After 2G RAT selection
� Which cell is the selected one among those proposed in the table below?
� 2W MS
� RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN = -95 dBm
� MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH = 30 dBm
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN -99-90 -90-95
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH 3933 3033
-88
-89
-91
CELL32G
-81-90-87Case 3
-83-99-87Case 2
-92
CELL22G
-90-95Case 1
CELL42G
CELL12G
CELL
MEASUREMENT
Accesspending
?
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 18
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Exercise
� Case 2: After 3G RAT selection
� Which cell is the selected one among all those that are proposed in the table below?
� QqualMin =
� QrxlevMin =
� sibMaxAllowedUlTxPowerOnRach = 26
CELL33G
UE Class 2
UE Class 1
CPICH_Ec/N0
CELL23G
UE Class 4
CPICH_RSCP
CELL42G
CELL13G
CELL
MEASUREMENT
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 19
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Self-assessment on the Objectives
� Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module
� The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation
Section 1 � Module 3 � Page 20
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End of ModuleCell Selection
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1�4All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
Module 4Cell Reselection from 2G to 3G
3JK11187AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 12G-3G Mobility
Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
TMO18003 D0 SG DEN I1.0
Issue 01
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First editionLast name, first nameYYYY-MM-DD01
RemarksAuthorDateEdition
Document History
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
� Describe the Alcatel-Lucent BSS radio algorithms responsible for 2G to 3G cell reselection and the related parameters
� Estimate the impact of a parameter value modification
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!Page
1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages 71.1 Where and When? 81.2 What in SI2ter? 91.3 What in SI2quarter? 101.4 What in PSI3quarter? 11
2 Inter-RAT Measurements 122.1 What Is Measured? 132.2 2G MS States Impacting 3G Reselection 142.3 NC2 Activation Impact on 3G Reselection 152.4 When Is 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Enabled ? 162.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After? 17
3 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Algorithm 203.1 Algorithm 213.1 Summary 22
4 Fast 3G Reselection 234.1 Objective 244.2 Principle 25
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Table of Contents [cont.]
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1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages
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1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages
1.1 Where and When?
� 2G to 3G MS autonomous cell reselection is supported in NC0 for:
� Circuit Idle mode.
� Packet Idle mode.
� Packet transfer mode.
� The MFS and BSC shall know UMTS frequencies. Frequencies and useful parameters must be broadcast to Mobiles.
� The BSS schedules:
� SI2ter and/or SI2quarter (with or without Extended BCCH) for that.
� PSI3quarter too if PBCCH is available.
Location (SI2ter or SI2quarter) is given by flags in SI3 and depends on…(see notes)
� 2G/TD-SCDMA (3G TDD) networks Inter-operability is possible from B10.
B10
SI: System Information
EN_2G_TO_3G
CELL_RESELECTION
≠ 0
Is 2G TO 3G Cell Reselection Enabled?
Nb of UTRAN FDD
neighbor frequency
to describe ≥ 1
Nb of UTRAN TDD
neighbor frequency
to describe ≥ 1
CELL
≠
EVOLIUM
CELL
≠
EVOLIUM
Nothing SI2quarter SI2ter
At least one 3G frequency to describe?
Cell is not an Evolium one?
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
NNY
N
PSI3quarter
Nb of UTRAN FDD
neighbor frequency
to describe ≥ 1
EN_2G_TO_3G
CELL_RESELECTION
= 1 or 2
Master PDCHIs
present
Y
Y
Y
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1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages
1.2 What in SI2ter?
� Up to 3 FDD frequencies
� FDD_ARFCN (known as UARFCN in 3GPP)
� 3G Measurement Parameters Description
� Qsearch_I (Search or not for 3G cells in Idle mode)
� FDD_Qoffset (Offset added to Received Level Average of GSM cells)
� FDD_Qmin (Minimum Ec/No Threshold for 3G cell reselection)
� In addition, Qsearch_P_PTM is sent in PMO with PACCH (see note).
Note:
A 3G cell is completely defined by a Frequency and a Primary scrambling code (refer to the 3G Cell
Selection Algorithm chapter).
As only the frequencies are provided, the MS will have to detect which Scrambling codes are used in the 3G
neighbor cells (blind search procedure).
In addition, a flag 3G_BA_IND (toggle) informs the MS each time a change of frequencies occurs in the list.
(this is not a settable parameter)
PTM: Packet Transfer Mode (GPRS/EGPRS)
PACCH is the Associated Control Channel used in GPRS mode for signaling purposes.
PMO is the Packet Measurement Order message sent to the MS when entering in PTM (when NC2 is
activated).
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1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages
1.3 What in SI2quarter?
� Up to 3 FDD frequencies and/or 3 TDD frequencies� FDD_ARFCN_LIST / TDD_ARFCN_LIST
� 3G Measurement Parameters� Qsearch_I
� FDD_Qoffset
� FDD_Qmin
� TDD_Qoffset (Offset added to Received Level Average of GSM cells)
� GPRS 3G Measurement Parameters Description (if there is no PBCCH)� Qsearch_P (Search or not for 3G cells in GPRS)
� SEARCH_3G_PRIO (Search for 3G cells in priority) (see note)
� 3G Additional Measurement Parameters(Available only if EN_CPICH_2G_3G_Reselection = 1)
� FDD_Qmin_Offset (Offset added to FDD_Qmin value)
� FDD_RSCPmin (Minimum RSCP threshold for 3G cell reselection)
B10
The MS shall attempt to check the BSIC for as many non-serving cell BCCH carriers as possible and as often
as possible, and at least every 10 seconds.
A multi-RAT MS is allowed to extend this period to 13 seconds in order to monitor FDD cells.
(the MS may use “search frames” that are not required for BSIC decoding for that).
IF the neighbor cell list contains cells from other RATs
AND
IF SEARCH_3G_PRIO = 1
THEN
The MS may search 3G cells more frequently than if SEARCH_3G_PRIO = 0
So, SEARCH_3G_PRIO forces the MS to search either for more 2G cells or more 3G cells.
The 3 following parameters appear in B10:
� FDD_Qmin_Offset:
Used with FDD_Qmin parameter so that Rel-5 onwards mobiles can put some dBs offset (0 to 14) to
FDD_Qmin value. It makes sufficient quality UTRAN coverage look larger to Rel-5 onwards MSs using GERAN
cell
� FDD_RSCPmin:
Gives the MS the minimum threshold of RSCP for 3G cell reselection (-84 to –114 dBm)
� EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION:
� 0: Only Ec/No measurement is used.
� 1: CPICH Ec/No and RSCP measurements must be used.
In addition, 2G/TD-SCDMA (3G TDD) networks Inter-operability is possible from B10.
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1 System Information and Packet System Information Messages
1.4 What in PSI3quarter?
� Up to 3 FDD frequencies
� FDD_ARFCN_LIST
� 3G MEASUREMENT Parameters
� FDD_GPRS_Qoffset (= FDD_Qoffset in B9 MR0)
� FDD_Qmin
� Qsearch_P (= Qsearch_I in B9 MR0)
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.1 What Is Measured?
� An MS camping on a 2G cell measures 2 characteristics of 3G cells:
� CPICH Ec/No: the received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band:
� mostly determined by the system load.
� can be seen as Interference level.
AND IF EN_CPICH_2G_3G_Reselection = 1
� CPICH RSCP (Received Signal Code Power: the received power on one code measured on the Primary CPICH:
� gives an indication about coverage.
� can be seen as level strength.
CPICH RSCP measurement appears from B10 in order to avoid ping-pong(see notes)
B10
In B9, only CPICH Ec/No is taken into account by the MS to decide for 3G reselection.
It can trigger reselection on a 3G cell with a bad CPICH RSCP. The MS comes back.
This situation leads to 2G-3G ping-pong.
In B10, the MS measures the 3G cell CPICH RSCP too and triggers reselection only if both CPICH Ec/No and
CPICH RSCP are good.
There is no more 2G-3G ping-pong.
EN_CPICH_2G_3G_Reselection appears in B10.
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2 Inter-RAT measurements
2.2 2G MS States Impacting 3G Reselection
� GPRS idle mode or Standby mode:
� Either the MS is GPRS detached (unknown in SGSN) and only IMSI attached (GSM)(*).
� Or the MIS is GPRS attached but TREADY is expired (**).
� GPRS Ready PIM:The MS is GPRS attached and T_READY is running.
� GPRS Ready PTM:The MS is transferring packet data.
STANDBY PTM PIM STANDBY
t
TBF running T_READY
IDLE
(*) (**)
T_READY is an SGSN parameter.
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.3 NC2 Activation Impact on 3G Reselection
� NC2 can be:
� De-activated (NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER = 0)=> MS autonomous reselection in all cases
� Activated (NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER = 2)
� during PTM only (NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE = 0)
� during PTM and PIM (NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE = 1)
NC0 NC0 / NC2 NC0NC2 / NC0
STANDBY PTM PIM STANDBY
t
IDLE
NC0
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.4 When Is 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Enabled ?
� It depends on EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION (see note)
� 0: Disabled
� ≠≠≠≠ 0: Enabled
but 3G cell is not necessarily sought after…
EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION (for TDD network)
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After?
� It depends on 3 parameters:
� EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION (see note)
� NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE
� Qsearch
� EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION(used here to choose the 3G search activation mode)
� = 1: Yes even if the MS is in GMM Ready state
� = 2: Yes except if the MS is in GMM Ready state
� = 3: Yes even if the MS is in GMM Ready state and Network_Control_Order > 1(NC2 is used)In this case, NC2 will be automatically deactivated when entering in PTM.
Value 3 should be used only in case of good 3G coverage.
TEST IT !
B10
EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION for TDD network
Value “3” for EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION and EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION appears in B10.
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After? [cont.]
� If the 3G search is activated (previous slide), it is really actual only if the level received by the MS from the 2G serving cell is below or abovethe Qsearch threshold.
-47-98 -50-54-70-74-78-110
RXlev
Always Never
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL >
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL <
0 1 2 3 54 6
8 9
7
10 1312 1411
15
Qsearch tuning areas
Coded values :
Low High
Coded value (binary): Value (dBm): Text displayed at OMC level
0 -98 -98 dBm (below)
1 -94 -94 dBm (below)
2 -90 -90dBm (below)
3 -86 -86dBm (below)
4 -82 -82 dBm (below)
5 -78 -78 dBm (below)
6 -74 -74 dBm (below)
7 -70 Always search for 3G neighbor cells
8 -78 -78 dBm (above)
9 -74 -74 dBm (above)
10 -70 -70 dBm (above)
11 -66 -66 dBm (above)
12 -62 -62 dBm (above)
13 -58 -58 dBm (above)
14 -54 -54 dBm (above)
15 -50 Never search for 3G neighbor cells
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.5 When Is 3G Cell Sought After? [cont.]
� But Qsearch can take different values depending on the MS state:
� Qsearch_I in Idle mode (SI2ter & SI2quarter)
� Qsearch_P in GPRS (SI2quarter)
� Qsearch_P_PTM in PTM (PACCH)
� Note that Qsearch_P_PTM is sent to the MS in Packet Measurement Order (PMO) when entering in Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) and is by default set to –50 (never search).
Qsearch_I Qsearch_P_PTM Qsearch_P Qsearch_I
STANDBY PTM PIM STANDBY
t
IDLE
When NC2 is used, 3G cell monitoring is systematically deactivated in PTM: Q_search_P is set to Never in
the PMO(NC2) at DL TBF establishment.
3G cells can be monitored in PTM even when NC2 is not used for some UEs.
and
EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION
is set to “Enabled with 3G search activated while the UE/MS is in GMM ready state”:
so
Q_search_P is set to Q_search_P_PTM (default: never search) in the PMO at DL TBF establishment.
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3 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Algorithm
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3 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Algorithm
3.1 Algorithm
� The MS reselects a 3G cell IF for a period of 5s:
� CPICH RSCP (3G) > RLA (2G) + FDD_Qoffset if MS is in CS modeor CPICH RSCP (3G) > RLA (2G) + FDD_GPRS_Qoffset if MS is in PS mode
for 2G serving and all suitable 2G neighbors (see note)
AND
� CPICH Ec/No (3G) ≥ FDD_Qmin - FDD_Qmin_Offset
AND
� CPICH RSCP (3G) ≥ FDD_RSCPminif FDD_RSCPmin is broadcast (EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION = 1) else, this criterion is not effective
� Anti Ping-Pong: In case a cell reselection occurs within the previous 15 seconds, FDD_Qoffset is increased by 5 dB.
B10
"Suitable 2G neighbors" means the 2G cells the MS can reselect (received level > RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN, not
barred, BCCH decodable, etc. ). See 2G to 2G Reselection in the GSM Radio Fine Tuning training.
The 3 following parameters appear in B10:
� FDD_Qmin_Offset:
Used with FDD_Qmin parameter so that Rel-5 onwards mobiles can put some dBs offset (0 to 14) to
FDD_Qmin value. It makes sufficient quality UTRAN coverage look larger to Rel-5 onwards MSs using GERAN
cell.
� FDD_RSCPmin:
Gives the MS the minimum threshold of RSCP for 3G cell re-selection (-84 to –114 dBm).
� EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION:
� 0: Only Ec/No measurement is used.
� 1: CPICH Ec/No and RSCP measurements must be used.
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3 2G to 3G Cell Reselection Algorithm
3.1 Summary
� To reselect a 3G cell, 5 conditions must be met:
� The reselection must be Enabled for the mode corresponding to the state of the MS.EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION
� The 3G search must be active (depends on the 2G serving received level).Qsearch_X
� The 3 radio conditions of the reselection algorithm must be met.FDD_Qoffset FDD_GPRS_Qoffset FDD_Qmin FDD_Qmin_Offset FDD_RSCPmin
B10
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4 Fast 3G Reselection
B10
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4 Fast 3G Reselection
4.1 Objective
� An MS ending in 2G cell, a CS call started in 3G cell
� performs an LA/RA update to camp on 2G.
� reselects 3G cell.
� performs an LA update to camp on 3G.
� In order to avoid double LA update, the 3G reselection must be speeded up at 2G CS call release.
B10
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4 Fast 3G Reselection
4.2 Principle
� GSM allows to send the optional Information Element (IE) “cell selection indicator” after release of all TCHs and SDCCH” in the CHANNEL RELEASE message, indicating the frequency on which the MS shall start a cell selection.
� When 3G frequency is indicated, the MS shall as quickly as possible camp on a suitable cell of this frequency.
� This is performed in the Alcatel-Lucent BSS IF
EN_FAST_3G_RESELECTION = 1
� No useless LUs are performed anymore.
� The 3G reselection is speeded up.
� Can be useless if 2G to 3G HOs are enabled.
B10
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Exercise
� Which radio parameters in the table below can be used to inhibit 2G to 3G reselection?
� Which value will prevent this reselection?
EN_2G_TO_3GTDD_CELL_RESELECTION
FDD_GPRS_Qoffset
EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION
Qsearch_I
EN_FAST_3G_RESELECTION
PARAMETER VALUEINHIBITION
Y / N
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Exercise
� Is a 2G to 3G reselection attempted or not?
� If yes, which is the 3G target cell selected?
� Voir l’exo sous excel dans repertoire GA
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No
Max RLA (2G cells) measured
MS STATE
NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER
EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION
FDD_Qoffset
FDD_GPRS_Qoffset
Qsearch_PTM
Qsearch_P
Qsearch_I
FDD_Qmin
FDD_Qmin_Offset
FDD_RSCPmin
EN_CPICH_2G_3G_RESELECTION
YES OR NOT
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
(coded value)
Including serving
CASE1 CASE2 CASE3
-78
-22
-92
READY PTM
-80
-28
-78
READY PTM
2
1
3
3
5
6
6
7
15
5
5
0
4
6
6
0
4
11
7
13
0 1
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Exercise
� What are the impacts on 2G to 3G cell reselection?
NNINCREASEZZZ
NNDECREASEYYY
NNINCREASEXXX
DECREASE
MODIFICATION
MODIFICATION
N
SPEED-UP
2G to 3G RESELECTION
N
SLOW-DOWN
AAA
LESSMOREPARAMETER
PARAMETER
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Self-assessment on the Objectives
� Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module
� The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation
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End of ModuleCell Reselection from 2G to 3G
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Do not delete this graphic elements in here:
1�5All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008
Module 5Handover from 2G to 3G
3JK11188AAAAWBZZA Issue 01
Section 12G-3G Mobility
Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
TMO18003 D0 SG DEN I1.0
Issue 01
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First editionLast name, first nameYYYY-MM-DD01
RemarksAuthorDateEdition
Document History
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
� Describe the Alcatel-Lucent BSS radio algorithms responsible for2G to 3G Handover and the related parameters
� Estimate the impact of a parameter value modification
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!Page
1 Measurement Information Message 71.1 WHERE? 81.2 WHEN? 91.3 WHAT? 10
2 Inter-RAT Measurements 122.1 Are Measurements Performed? 132.1 What Does the MS Measure? 142.2 What Is Reported? 15
3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm 163.1 Cause 31 Detection 173.2 HO Candidate Cell Evaluation 183.3 HO Management 20
4 2G to 3G HO Based on 2G Cell Load 254.1 Objective 264.2 Principle 274.3 Example 28
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Table of Contents [cont.]
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1 Measurement Information Message
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1 Measurement Information Message
1.1 WHERE?
� Information Messages are sent by the network to the MS on the SACCH.
� If not, all information fits into one message. The remaining information will be sent in other instances of this message.
Note: the SACCH frame occurrence is 480ms.
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1 Measurement Information Message
1.2 WHEN?
� When EN_3G_HO is set to Enabled
And there is at least one UTRAN FDD neighbor frequency to describe.
And the cell is Evolium.
And the MS classmark information indicates UMTS FDD supported.
And the MS Utran classmark is available.
And the Service Handover Information is[available and different from“Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 shall not be performed”or“Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should not be performed”]
OR [not available and EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO = 1]
EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO allows handovers towards 3G cells for a given MS when I.E. Service
Handover is missing and the load in the serving cell is high (see THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ), default = 1
(disable). This allows to force 2G to 3G HO in case of a loaded 2G serving cell.
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1 Measurement Information Message
1.3 WHAT?
� List of Information Messages sent if EN_3G_HO is set to disabled
� FDD_ARFCN_LISTUp to 3 FDD frequencies and/or 3 TDD frequencies
� Qsearch_CThreshold for searching for 3G cells in dedicated mode.(Same principle as explanation for Qsearch in the Cell Reselection from 2G to 3G section).
� SEARCH_3G_PRIOThe MS may search 3G cells more frequently if SEARCH_3G_PRIO = 1
� FDD_REP_QUANTType of measurement reported by the MS (CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/No)
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1 Measurement Information message
1.3 WHAT? [cont.]
� FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING
Number of the strongest 3G cells to be reported by the MS.
� FDD_REPORTING_OFFSET
Offset that the MS shall apply to measurements before reporting.
� FDD_REPORTING_THRESHOLD
Threshold above which the MS shall report the measurements.
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.1 Are Measurements Performed?
� Depends on Qsearch_C (Connected mode):
the level received by the MS from the 2G serving cell must be below or above the threshold:
� SEARCH_3G_PRIOMore time (frames) can be granted to theMS to measure 3G neighbors if set to 1 (less for 2G neighbors in compensation)
-47-98 -50-54-70-74-78-110
RXlev
Always Never
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL >
Search 3G IF Rxlev DL <
0 1 2 3 54 6
8 9
7
10 1312 1411
15
Qsearch tuning areas
Coded values :
Low High
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.1 What Does the MS Measure?
� Depends on FDD_REP_QUANT:
� FDD_REP_QUANT = 0 then only CPICH RSCP is reported by the MS
� FDD_REP_QUANT = 1 then only CPICH Ec/No is reported by the MS
� Value 0 is not supported for FDD_REP_QUANT
Then only CPICH Ec/No is reported by the MS
(Linked to level => coverage evaluation only)
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2 Inter-RAT Measurements
2.2 What Is Reported?
� FDD_MULTIRAT_REPORTING
Number of the strongest 3G cells reported by the MS (from 0 to 3, Default=2)
if EN_3G_HO is set to disabled, this parameter is considered as equal to zero (the MS doesn’t report any 3G cells)
� FDD_REPORTING_OFFSET (Default=0)
Offset that the MS shall apply to measurements before the reportingstep size = 6dB (0 : 0dB, 1 : 6dB, … 7 : 42dB)
� FDD_REPORTING_THRESHOLD (Default=0)
Threshold above which the MS shall report the measurementsstep size = 6dB0 : 0 : Always report the 3G neighbor cells1 : 6 : 6 dB2 : 12 : 12 dB..7 : 42 : Never report the 3G neighbor cells
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3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
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3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
3.1 Cause 31 Detection
� The only cause of 2G to 3G HO is the cause 31.
� The only measurement taken into account for detection is Ec/No
� The cause 31 is detected IF
� AV_ECNO(n) ≥ THR_ECNO_HO
AND
� EN_3G_HO = Enable
� Size of window for ECNO averaging: A_ECNO_HO
AV_ECNO(n): Average Ec/No of the 3G neighbor cell n
Range: -110 to –47 dBm
Bin coded: 0 (-110) to 63 (-47)
Step size: 1 dBm
The 2G-3G handover cause 31 has no specific priority since it is checked with a different trigger than the
other handover causes (same behavior as for causes 29 (TFO) and 30 (CS to PS)).
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3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
3.2 HO Candidate Cell Evaluation
ORDERING
PROCESS
RAW
CELL LIST
CAUSE 31
DETECTION
3G cell with highest averaged Ec/No
3G cell
3G cell
3G cell with lowest averaged Ec/No
2G cell if any
2G cell if any
2G cell if any
2G cell if any
. . .
� Ranking
� Then, HO Preparation Process removes or not 3G cells from the listdepending on both values of:� 2G_3G_HO_Allowed state
� Service Handover for the concerned MS
see table on next slide ../..
3G cells put on the TOP
The 2G_3G_HO_Allowed state is provided to HOP by the Resources Allocation and Management (RAM)
process.
The value of 2G_3G_HO_Allowed state depends on the 2G serving cell load (as detailed in the next
chapter).
The Service Handover for the concerned MS is provided by NASS (Normal Assignment) or by ECC (External
Channel Change).
There is no specific checking on the Service Handover. If present, the contents of this I.E. (Information
message) shall be stored by the BSC, to be further used in case of 2G to 3G handover.
3GPP TS 48.008: In case of Assignment Request received from the MSC with Service Handover IE included
and indicating that "Handover to UTRAN or cdma2000 should be performed", the BSS may trigger, if
possible, a directed retry towards a 3G cell. Such a feature is not supported.
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3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
3.2 HO Candidate Cell Evaluation [cont.]
(2G cell Loaded) (2G cell not loaded)
* Only one supported
2G_3G_HO_Allowed =forbidden
Service Handover I.E.value
“Handover to UTRANor cdma2000 shallnot be performed”
“Handover to UTRANor cdma2000 shallnot be performed”
“Handover to UTRANor cdma2000 shallnot be performed”
I.E. missing (orundefined value
present in the I.E.) *
2G_3G_HO_Allowed = allowed
Remove 3G cells fromthe raw cell list
Remove 3G cells fromthe raw cell list
raw cell list is not modified
IF EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO = 1raw cell list is not modified
IF EN_2G_3G_HO_NO_SERVICE_HO = 0remove 3G cells from the raw cell list
Remove 3G cells fromthe raw cell list
Remove 3G cells fromthe raw cell list
Remove 3G cells fromthe raw cell list
raw cell list is not modified
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3 2G to 3G handover algorithm
3.3 HO Management
� PARAMETERS
� MAX_ADJ_CELL_3G_HO� Maximum number of 3G target cells for 2G-3G handover adjacency.
� Min= Max=Default=12 (Not settable at OMCR)
� T_HO_REQD_LOST USED DURING PREPARATION� Supervision of the MSC response after sending of HANDOVER REQUIRED.
� step size = 1sec Min=6 Max=120 Default=30
� Must be > T7 (Timer controlling the repetition of HANDOVER REQUIRED)
� RESP_REQ� This flag controls “Response request” OIE inclusion in HANDOVER REQUIRED.
� 0: IE not included (Default), 1: IE included
� T3121 USED DURING EXECECUTION� Used to keep the old channels sufficiently long for the MS to be able to return to the old channels, and to release the channels if the MS is lost (DROP).step size = 0.1sec Min=0 Max=25.5 Default=14
RESP_REQ: Default value depends on MSC type.
For external directed retries (or 2G to 3G HO), the serving BSC does not know whether or not the external
target cells (towards which the directed retry is triggered) are congested. Therefore, Alcatel-Lucent
recommends to set RESP_REQ to 1 if EN_EXT_DR is set to enabled in order to get a Handover Reject
message from the MSC in case all target cells are congested and thus to attempt other procedures.
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3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
3.3 HO Management [cont.]
UE/MS Serving BTS Target RNC MSCServing BSC
Measurements Result HO Detection
Preparation
Execution
Start T_HO_REQD_LOSTHO REQUIRED
HO COMMAND
Prepare HO
Relocation Request
Relocation Request Ack
Prepare HO Resp
Stop T_HO_REQD_LOST
INTER SYSTEMTO UTRAN HO CMD
DR (INTER SYSTEMTO UTRAN HO CMD)
Start T3121
HO COMPLETE
Relocation detect
Relocation Complete
End Signal Request
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
����
����
����
����
����
����
Stop T3121
MC924cSuccess
MC924cPreparations
MC924dAttempts
� SUCCESS CASE
(1) Need of Handover to 3G cell is detected (see the Cause 31 Detection and HO Candidate Cell Evaluation
parts of this section.).
T7 is started
T_HO_REQD_LOST is started to guard against no response from the MSC.
(2) The BSC initiates an intersystem to UMTS external channel change by sending a HANDOVER
REQUIRED message with the 3G cell in the top of the cell list.
Note: the HANDOVER REQUIRED message may contain the OIE “Response Request”
depending on the O&M parameter RESP_REQ.
(3) The MSC performs the handover required procedure with the target RNC. The protocol shown in the
figure is for example only: it may deviate, as it is not in the scope of this training.
(4) The MSC indicates to the serving BSS that the handover is accepted by the UMTS, in a HANDOVER
COMMAND message.
The L3 INTERSYSTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER COMMAND is included in that HANDOVER COMMAND.
(5) The serving BSC: stops T_HO_REQD_LOST; sends the INTERSYTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER IE
COMMAND to the UE/MS; starts T3121.
(6) The UE/MS on reception of the INTERSYTEM TO UTRAN HANDOVER COMMAND: disconnects the
old channel; synchronizes to the new cell and sends a HANDOVER COMPLETE message to the target RNC.
(7) The target RNC terminates the protocol to the MSC.
(8) The serving BSS RF channel and terrestrial resources are released. This is performed by the MSC
sending the CLEAR COMMAND (cause "Handover successful") , T3121 and T7 are stopped.
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3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
3.3 HO Management [cont.]
UE/MS Serving BTS Target RNC MSCServing BSC
Measurements ResultHO Detection
Preparation
Start T_HO_REQD_LOSTHO REQUIRED
HO REQUIRED REJECT
Prepare HO
Relocation Request
Relocation Request Ack
Prepare HO RespStop T_HO_REQD_LOST
MC924cPreparations
MC924g
Preparations failures
Incremented only ifRESP_REQ = 1
� PREPARATION FAILURE
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3 2G to 3G Handover Algorithm
3.3 HO Management [cont.]
� EXECUTION FAILURE WITHOUT REVERSION
Execution
HO COMMAND
INTER SYSTEMTO UTRAN HO CMD
DR (INTER SYSTEMTO UTRAN HO CMD)
Start T3121
Relocation detect
CLEAR REQUEST
CLEAR COMPLETE
T3121 Expiry
MC924e
HO Failure withoutReversion(Drop)
MC924dAttempts
UE/MS Serving BTS Target RNC MSCServing BSC
PREPARATION OK
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3 2G to 3G handover algorithm
3.3 HO Management [cont.]
� EXECUTION FAILURE WITH REVERSION
Execution
HO COMMAND
INTER SYSTEMTO UTRAN HO CMD
DR (INTER SYSTEMTO UTRAN HO CMD)
Start T3121
Relocation detect
MC924f
HO Failure withReversion
to old channel
MC924dAttempts
UE/MS Serving BTS Target RNC MSCServing BSC
COMING BACK TO2G CHANNEL
HANDOVER FAILURE(ROC)
PREPARATION OK
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4 2G to 3G HO Based on 2G Cell Load
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4 2G to 3G HO Based on 2G Cell Load
4.1 Objective
� In order to reduce the number of 2G to 3G HOs, the feature
“2G to 3G handover based on 2G load criteria”
allows to avoid HO when the 2G cell is NOT loaded.
THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ threshold is used for that.
� So, the BSC will determine the 2G_3G_HO_Allowed State(as seen in the previous chapter)
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4 2G to 3G HO Based on 2G Cell Load
4.2 Principle
� IF the last N_TRAFFIC_LOAD averages AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD (including the new one), verify:
� AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD > THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ
� THEN 2G_3G_HO_Allowed = allowed
� IF the last N_TRAFFIC_LOAD averages AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD (including the new one), verify:
� AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD ≤ THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ
� THEN 2G_3G_HO_Allowed = forbidden
� At initialization, 2G_3G_HO_Allowed is set to “allowed”.
� IF THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ = 0
� Then the feature “2G to 3G handover based on 2G load criteria” is disabled.
GSM Radio Fine Tuning prerequisites:
The 2G cell traffic is evaluated (%) every TCH_INFO_PERIOD=5s (not settable).
The load is averaged over A_TRAFFIC_LOAD.
The number of consecutive load averages below or above the threshold before to take the decision is
N_TRAFFIC_LOAD.
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4 2G to 3G HO Based on 2G Cell Load
4.3 Example
� With N_TRAFFIC_LOAD = 3 (recommended value for 3 or 4 TRXs)
� THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ = 50%
� A_TRAFFIC_LOAD = 8 (recommended value for 3 or 4 TRXs)
12
3
12 1
23
1 212
AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD
T
A_TRAFFIC_LOAD X TCH_INFO_PERIOD = 40s
THR_CELL_LOAD_3G_REQ
2G_3G_HO_Allowed allowed forbidden allowed
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Exercise 1
� Which radio parameters in the table below can be used to inhibit 2G to 3G handover?
� Which value will prevent this handover?
VALUE
P4
P3
P2
P5
P1
INHIBITION
Y / NPARAMETER
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Exercise 2
� Is 2G to 3G handover attempted or not?
� If yes, which is the 3G target cell selected?
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Exercise 3
� What are the impacts on 2G to 3G handover?
INCREASEZZZ
DECREASEYYY
INCREASEXXX
DECREASE
MODIFICATION
MODIFICATION
SPEED-UP
2G to 3G HANDOVER
SLOW-DOWN
AAA
LESSMOREPARAMETER
PARAMETER
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Self-assessment on the Objectives
� Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module
� The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation
Section 1 � Module 5 � Page 33
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End of ModuleHandover from 2G to 3G
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Section 12G-3G Mobility
Alcatel-Lucent Evolium Base Station Subsystem2G-3G Mobility Algorithms - B10
TMO18003 D0 SG DEN I1.0
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
� Describe the impact for the user on the provided service (CS or PS) when switching from 2G to 3G
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G 71.1 MS Using the CS Service 81.2 MS Using the PS Service 10
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1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G
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1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G
1.1 MS Using the CS Service
� What happens when the UE moves while having a CS service established?
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1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G
1.1 MS Using the CS Service [cont.]
� When the UE moves while having a CS service established:
� the CS service (speech only or DTM in B10) is maintained thanks to a 2G to 3G handover.
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1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G
1.2 MS Using the PS Service
� What happens when the UE moves while having a PS service established?
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1 Mobile Camping in 2G and Moving to 3G
1.2 MS Using the PS Service [cont.]
� When the UE moves while having a PS service established:
� The PS service is maintained thanks to a 2G to 3G cell reselection.
� Reselection to 3G can still be performed when the UE is in GPRS Standbymode.
� In GPRS Ready mode, the reselection to 3G depends on the activation or not of the NC2 reselection mode (no CCO 2G to 3G in B10).
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Self-assessment on the Objectives
� Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module
� The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation
Section 1 � Module 6 � Page 13
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End of ModuleImpacts of 2G3G Mobility on CS and PS Services
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