View
6
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
TMAP Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 32 - 2014
1
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
2
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
PublishersCommon Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, Germany;Trilateral Salt Marsh and Dunes Expert Group
AuthorsJörg Petersen nature-consult, Hackelbrink 21, D-31139 Hildesheim, petersen@nature-consult.deBas Kers Rijkswaterstaat, Central Information Services (RWS-CIS). Ministry of Infrastructure & Environment, P.O. Box 5023, NL-2600 GA Delft, bas.kers@rws.nlMartin Stock Landesbetrieb für Küstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-
Holstein, Schloßgarten 1, D-25832 Tönning, martin.stock@lkn.landsh.de
Cover photosMartin Stock
Lay-outGerold Lüerßen
Source:TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area. Version 1.0, 2014.www.waddensea-secretariat.org, Wilhelmshaven Germany.Possible updates can be downloaded at www. waddensea-secretariat.org/saltmarsh
3
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 32
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Jörg PetersenBas Kers
Martin Stock
2014Common Wadden Sea Secretariat
Trilateral Salt Marsh and Dunes Expert Group
WITH COMMENTS OF THE TMAP EXPERT GROUP SALT MARSH & DUNES: Jürn Bunje, Kees Dijkema, Olaf von Drachenfels, Willem van Duin, Marinus van
der Ende, Peter Esselink, John Frikke, Norbert Hecker, Ulrich Hellwig, Kai Jensen, Peter Körber, Evert-Jan Lammerts, Piet Schipper, Madelein Vreeken
4
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Contents
1 Introduction 5
2 Basic Information 7
3 Standard TMAP Types of Dunes 9
4 Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks 27
5 Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes 44
6 Overview of the complete TMAP Typology 71
7 References 86
5
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
1 Introduction
Coastal landscapes and their typical ecosystems like salt marshes and sand dunes are highly dynamic, characterized by steep environmental gradients and controlled by geomorphological, physical and biological processes. In addition, both direct and indirect human impacts are im-portant factors that give shape to the spatial and temporal variation of coastal ecosystems. The conservation of these coastal ecosystems is a major aim of the Wadden Sea Plan (management plan of the Trilateral Cooperation). As a basis for conservation management, sound knowledge about the spatial distribution of coastal ecosys-tems and their temporal change is required. In the past, multiple regional vegetation or biotope typologies have been used to describe and map plant communities of coastal ecosystems in the Wadden Sea region (e.g. Westhoff & den Held 1969; Dijkema & Wolff 1983; Dierssen 1988; Preising et al. 1990; Schaminée et al. 1995, 1996, 1998; Petersen 2000, 2011; Petersen & Pott 2005; Drachenfels v. 2011). In addition, several regional or national classifications for mapping purposes have been developed (SALT-Code, Rijkswater-staat, s. Jong de et al. 1998; Staatsbosbeheer-Code, s. Schipper 2002; Ringot-Code, s. Ringot 1992; SH-Code, LKN, s. Stock et al. 2005). For a trilateral assessment, however, these different regional approaches have been shown to be dif-ficult to compare at first sight.
The Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Pro-gramme (TMAP; 1997) aimed to harmonize these different approaches for the Wadden Sea region as a basis for improving conservation manage-ment and to reach the conservation targets listed in the Wadden Sea Plan (see CWSS 2010). Since 2000, the TMAP salt marsh expert group developed and discussed a common commu-nity typology for the Wadden Sea saltmarshes. This TMAP salt marsh typology, which the ex-pert group endorsed in 2003, encompassed 29 different types or plant communities from the pioneer, low and high salt marshes and from brackish marshes, including reed beds (Bakker et al. 2005, Esselink et al. 2009). It is a simplified aggregation of vegetation types which is based on the presence of characteristic or dominant plant species. The TMAP salt-marsh typology has been widely used for monitoring the extent and composition of this ecosystem in both the Neth-erlands and in Germany for more than 10 years. In addition, a complementary TMAP dune typol-ogy was developed, in which 68 types of dunes and dune slacks are differentiated (Petersen & Lammerts 2005, Lammerts et al. 2009). However, a common TMAP synopsis of coastal ecosystems
that covers both salt marshes and dunes of the Wadden Sea region was lacking so far.
The synopsis presented here aims to give a comprehensive overview about the existing salt marsh and dune vegetation types in the Wad-den Sea region. Further, a ‘translation’ of these TMAP types to the typologies used in the differ-ent regions of the Wadden Sea is given. Last but not least, an assignment of the presented TMAP types to the habitat types protected by the Eu-ropean Fauna-Flora-Habitat directive (European Commission 2007, Drachenfels v. 2012) is also included in the synopsis.
The synopsis consists of two parts: In the first part, the most important TMAP types are pre-sented on separate and similarly arranged pages. Here, information on typical plant species and on plant communities, which belong to this type, is included. Further, the use of the type in map-ping programs in the Wadden Sea regions and the assignment to regional typologies are listed. Finally, a picture gives a visual impression of the described TMAP type. In the second part of the synopsis, a complete overview about all TMAP salt marsh and dune types of the Wadden Sea region is presented in a table. We, nevertheless, would like to emphasize that this synopsis is not thought to be used as a field key, allthough it has been successfully practised. Regionally field keys are available for this purpose.
We hope that the synopsis will be widely dis-tributed and repeatedly used by nature conserva-tion in all countries and regions of the Wadden Sea. We are sure that this synopsis will contrib-ute to the harmonization of different typologies of coastal habitats, and that it assists us in the process towards a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variation of coastal habi-tats in the Wadden Sea region.
Finally, the synopsis has been developed to improve conservation management of coastal habitats in the Wadden Sea region and thus to contribute to the long-term preservation of the Wadden Sea Natural Heritage.
Kai Jensen, Hamburg University, chair of the TMAP expert group
6
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
7
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
2 Basic Information
Column header in tableTMAP Code and TypeCode and description of the TMAP types for dunes, dune slacks and salt marshes.(Bakker et al. 2005 and Petersen & Lammerts 2005).
Standard TMAP TypeDescription of the minimum standard/level of TMAP typology applied in each region. Since Denmark only maps habitat types the assign-ment to the standard TMAP typology constitutes an exception to the rule.
Typical / characteristic speciesDescriptiom of the TMAP type; species written in bold are the important representative taxa; +/- means: not always all, but some of the follow-ing species indicate the TMAP type (Garve 2004, Hauck & de Bruyn 2010, Koperski 2011).
Typical / characteristic vegetationRepresentative plant communities of the TMAP types (Westhoff & Held den 1969, Dierssen 1988, Preising et al. 1990, Pott 1995, Schaminée et al. 1995, 1996, 1998, BFN 2000, Petersen 2000, Petersen & Pott 2005).
Applied in country / federal stateStandard TMAP (in chapter 4-6 only Standard TMAP types are displayed) Netherlands (NL),Lower Saxony (LS), Hamburg (HH), Schleswig-Holstein (SH),Denmark (DK).
Values in the columns“X” = mapped/applied in this Wadden Sea region, “-“ = not mapped in this Wadden Sea region, “N” = no occurrence in this Wadden Sea region.
Reference to other typologiesNatura 2000 Code: European Commission (2007).Types of Annex 1 of Habitat Directive; in addition to the following tables the TMAP-types of salt marshes may also be part of 1130 (in estuaries).
Mapping Code, NL: Bas Kers (Rijkswaterstaat, NL),
RWS SALT 2008 Code, NL: Bas Kers (Rijkswa-terstaat, NL),
Staatsbosbeheer Code, NL: Piet Schipper, Evert Jan Lammerts (Staatsbosbeheer, NL),
Biotope Code, LS: Olaf von Drachenfels (Nds. Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz, GER),
Biotope Code, HH: Peter Körber (Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer, GER),
Mapping Code SH: Martin Stock (Landes-betrieb für Küstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-Holstein, GER),
Biotope Code, SH: Martin Stock (Landesbetrieb für Küstenschutz; Marinus van der Ende (Landes-amt für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, GER),
Mapping Code, DK identical with Natura 2000 Code: John Frikke (Miljøministeriet Naturstyrel-sen, DK).
PhotographsJörg Petersen (X.2.2, X.5, X.6.2, X.7.1, X.7.2, X.7.3, X.7.4, X.8.0, X.8.1, X.8.2, X.8.3, X.10, H.0, H.1.1, H.1.2, H.1.3, H.1.4, H.2.1, H.2.2, H.3.1, H.4.1, H.5.1, H.5.2, H.6.1, H.6.2, H.8, H.9, S.1.2, S.2.1, S.2.3, S.3.2, S.3.6, S.3.8, S.3.10, S.3.12, S.3.14, S.5.1, S.5.3),
Martin Stock (X.2.1, X.3.1, X.4.1, X.5, X.6.1, X.12, S.0.0, S.0.1, S.0.2, S.0.3, S.1.1, S.2.2, S.2.4, S.3.1, S.3.7, S.3.12, S.5.1, S.5.3),
Bas Kers (S.2.3, S.3.3, S.3.4, S.3.5, S.3.9, S.3.10, S.3.11, S.3.13, S.5.2, S.6.0, S.6.1),
Uwe de Bruyn (X.8.0, X.8.3).
8
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
9
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
3 Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.2.1 Cakile maritima type
Cakile maritimaand +/- Salsola kali, Honckenya pep-loides, Atriplex species, Elymus farctus ssp. boreoatlanticus
Cakiletum maritimae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1210(in LS 2110)
XEd Dxc, Dxh, Deu, Dxs
22-a, 22B1
(KDV) KSV KSa CM 2110
Notes: Annual drift lines are short-lived and thus unstable stages during dune development (xeroserie). The vegetation is often of narrow-linear shape, developing on alluvial organic matter deposited during high water levels. A characteristic species in this environment is the Sea Rocket Cakile maritima (see picture).
10
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.2.2 Crambe maritima type
Crambe maritimaand +/- Honckenya peploides, Silene vulgaris ssp. maritima, Glaucium flavum, Eryngium maritimum, Rumex crispus, Leymus arenarius
Crithmo-Crambetum, Honkenya peploides and Silene vulgaris ssp. maritima veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X N N N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1220 - - - - KSV KSv CR -
Notes: Perennial drift-line vegetation at beaches with gravel and boulders, which usually consists of perennial, salt-tolerant and nitrophilous species. Typical species are e.g. Sea Sandwort (Honckenya peploides), Sea-Holly (Eryngium maritimum; see picture) and Yellow Horned-Poppy (Glaucium flavum; see small picture).
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
11
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.3.1 Elymus farctus type Elymus farctus ssp. boreoatlanticus (dominant) and +/- Leymus arenarius, Ammo-phila arenaria, Honckenya peploides, Salsola kali, Cakila maritima
Elymo-Agropyretum, Honkenyo-Agropyretum juncei
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2110 Xef Def, Deg, Dd
22A1, 22B1, 22B-a, 22-a, 23A1, 23B-a
KDV KDV KDv EG 2110
Notes: Embryonic dunes are usually only a few decimetres high and their vegetation is often formed solely by Sand Coach (Elymus farctus ssp. boreoatlanticus; see picture). Embryonic dunes represent the earliest stage of dune development (xeroserie).
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
12
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.4.1 Ammophila arenaria type
Ammophila arenaria, x Calammophi-la baltica, Leymus arenarius (at least one species dominant)and +/- Sonchus arvense, Oenothera parviflora var. ammophila, Hieracium umbellatum, Calystegia soldanella (rare), Eryngium maritimum (rare), Lathyrus maritimus (rare), Festuca rubra ssp. arenaria, Carex arenaria, Honckenya peploides, Elymus farctus ssp. boreoatlanticus, Cakile maritima
Elymo-Ammophiletum, x Calammophila baltica-veg., Potentillo-Leymetum arenariae (Potentillo-Elymetum)
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2120 - Dd 23B1, 23B-a, 23-a
KDW KDW KDw EM, E 2120
Notes: White dunes are more stable than drift lines and embryonic dunes. They can form the high-est dunes in coastal areas, for which a crucial factor is constant sand supply. If sand supply is reduced or stopped, dune vegetation will develop into later successional stages. Vegeta-tion of white dunes is often patchy without a closed canopy. Typical species are European Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria; see picture) and Lyme Grass (Leymus arenarius). Spe-cies richness of the vegetation is increasing in later successional stages.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
13
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.5 Dune grassland species of X.5: Carex arenaria, Agrostis capillaris, Festuca rubra ssp. arenaria, Aira praecox, Anthox-anthum odoratum, Luzula campes-tris, Viola canina, Viola tricolor (ssp. curtisii), Jasione montana, Hiera-cium umbellatum, Rumex aceto-sella, Hypochaeris radicata, Galium mollugo, Cerastium semidecan-drum, Lotus corniculatus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Dicranum scoparium, Polytrichum juniperinum, Campylo-pus introflexus, Ceratodon pu-pureus, Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia ciliata, C. portentosa, C. furcata, C. subulata, C. grayi, C. cervicornis, C. ramulosa and see: X.5.1 – X.5.5
Koelerio-Corynepho-retea-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2130 - Dd 14-c, 14-d, 14-g, 14-h, 14-l,m
KDG KDG KDg TR 2130
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
X.5.1
14
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: Dune grasslands are characterized by mostly small-growing species. The canopy of the vegetation is often almost closed, organic material is slowly accumulating in the soil and sand supply occurs only occasionally. In this stage of dune development, cryptogams be-come established for the first time. The various sub-types clearly differ (see pictures: X.5.1, X.5.2 and X.5.4) and commonly co-occur within small areas.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
X.5.2
X.5.4
15
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.6.1 Empetrumnigrum type
Empetrum nigrum (dominant)and +/- Polypodium vulgare, Calluna vulgaris, Hieracium umbellatum, Salix repens agg., Lonicera periclymenum, Carex arenaria, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Luzula campestris, Festuca ovina, Dantho-nia decumbens, Dryopteris dila-tata, Ammophila arenaria, Hypnum jutlandicum / cupressiforme, Pleuro-zium schreberi, Dicranum scoparium, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Hylocom-nium splendens, Cladonia portentosa, C. furcata
Hieracio-Empetretum, Polypodio-Empetretum
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2140 - Dd 20A3, 20-a, 11A3, 11-b, 11/a
KDE - KDe HE 2140
Notes: Black Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum, see picture) is the dominant species of this type, in which Common Polypody (Polypodium vulgare, see picture) does regularly occur too. Or-ganic material is accumulating in the soil at higher rates than in dune grasslands. Low soil pH values due to decalcification are characteristic.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
16
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.6.2 Calluna vulgaris type
Calluna vulgaris (dominant)and + (nearly) no Empetrum nigrumand +/- Salix repens agg., Carex arenaria, Agrostis capillaris, Anthox-anthum odoratum, Luzula campestris, Festuca ovina, Danthonia decumbens, Hieracium umbellatum, Hypnum jutlandicum / cupressiforme, Pleuro-zium schreberi, Dicranum scoparium, Pseudoscleropodium purum
Hieracio-Empetretum - dom. Calluna vulgaris
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2150 - Dd 20A1 KDC - KDc CV -
Notes: This dune type is characterized by the dominantly occurring Common Heather (Calluna vul-garis, see picture), whereas Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) is mostly lacking. Accumulation of organic material in the soil and low soil pH values are characteristic for this dune type.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
17
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.7.1 Hippophaë rhamnoides type
Hippophaë rhamnoides (dominant) and +/- Salix repens (ssp. dunensis), Sambucus nigra, Carex arenaria, Ammophila arenaria, Galium mollugo, Festuca rubra agg., Poa pratensis, Li-naria vulgaris, Rubus caesius, Senecio jacobaea
Hippophao-Sambuce-tum nigrae, Salici are-nariae-Hippophaetum
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2160 - Dd 37B1, 37B2, 37B3, 37B-c, 37B-d, 37B-e
KGS - KHh HR 2160
Notes: This shrub vegetation usually occurs on the still calcareous transition zone between white and gray dunes. A characteristic species is the Common Sea-Buckthorn (Hippophaë rham-noides, see picture). Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is characteristic for later stages of this type.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
18
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.7.2 Salix repens agg. type
Salix repens (ssp. dunensis) (dominant) and +/- Rosa spinosissima, Pyrola rotundifoliaand +/- Carex arenaria, Ammophila arenaria, Galium mollugo, Festuca rubra agg., Poa pratensis
dry Salix repens agg.-veg., Pyrolo-Salicetum, Rosa spinosissima-Salix arenaria-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2170 - Dd 19-f, 20-a, 36A2
KGK - KHs X 2170
Notes: Creeping Willow (Salix repens) is the dominant species of this dune type with shrubby vege-tation at rather dry sites. Burnet Rose (Rosa spinosissima; syn. R. pimpinellifolia) and Round-Leaved Wintergreen (Pyrola rotundifolia, see small picture) are further typical species.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
19
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.7.3 Rosa canina type Rosa canina, Rosa rubiginosa, Rubus fruticosus s.l., Crataegus spp., less Betula spp., less Populus tremula, Sambucus nigra, Sorbus aucuparia, etc. (at least 1 species dominant)and +/- Salix repens (ssp. dunensis), less Hippophaë rhamnoides, Lonicera periclymenum, Rubus caesius, Carex arenaria, Ammophila arenaria, Galium mollugo, Festuca rubra agg., Poa pratensis
Rhamno-Prunetea-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type
- Dd 37-f,37B-b,37-c,37-e,14-m,15-d,17A-b
KGH - - GD -
Notes: At dry to mesic sites, tall-growing shrubby vegetation dominated by Roses (Rosa sp., e.g. Rosa canina, see small picture), Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) or other woody species is developing.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
20
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.7.4 Rosa rugosa type Rosa rugosa (dominant)
and +/- species of the X.5/X.6/X.7
Rosa rugosa-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
- - Dd - KGX - - GR -
Notes: This type is dominated by the non-native Japanese Rose (Rosa rugosa, see picture). Stands often occur close to human settlements and/or were originally planted.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
21
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.8.0 Dune woodland, unspecific
Populus alba, Prunus serotina(at least one species dominant)and +/- species of X.8
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
NL, DK 2180
- Dd 37B-b,41A/c,43-a,43-h,43-i
KGY - KHx UW -
Notes: Shrubby vegetation dominated by non-native species like White Poplar (Populus alba, see picture), Rum Cherry (Prunus serotina) or other woody species.
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
22
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.8.1 Populus tremula type
Populus tremula, Betula pendula / Betula pubescens (at least one spe-cies dominant)and +/- Sorbus aucuparia, Carex arenaria, Agrostis capillaris, Anthox-anthum odoratum, Dryopteris dilatata, Empetrum nigrum, Holcus lanatus, Lonicera periclymenum
Populus tremula / Betula pendula Quercus robur-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2180 - Dd 43-j KGP - KHt PT 2180
Notes: Shrubby vegetation at dry to mesic sites dominated by Eurasian Aspen (Populus tremula, see picture) or Birch trees (Betula pendula).
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
23
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.8.2 Pinus spp. type Pinus sylvestris, Pinus mugo, Pinus nigra (at least one species domi-nant) and +/- species of X.8
Pinus spp.-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
- - Dd 41-a, 41-b,41A-b,41A/a,41A2,A3
KGY,WZK
- KHp KI -
Notes: Coniferous forests at dry sites, usually with Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris, see picture), Moun-tain Pine (Pinus mugo) or European Black Pine (Pinus nigra).
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
24
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.8.3 Quercus type Quercus robur (dominant)and +/- Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Populus tremula, Sorbus aucuparia, Agrostis capillaris, Anth-oxanthum odoratum, Carex arenaria, Dryopteris dilatata, Empetrum nigrum, Holcus lanatus, Lonicera pericly-menum
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2180 - Dd 42A1,2, 42A-a,b, 42A-c, 43A1, 43A-b, 43B-c,d, 43B-e, 43B2, 43B-b,c, 43B-d, 43-d
KGQ - KHq QR 2180
Notes: Deciduous forest at dry to mesic sites dominated by Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur, see picture).
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
25
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.10 Ruderal dune areas Epilobium angustifolium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Urtica dioica, Urtica urens, Rubus caesius, Anchusa officinalis, Rubus frutico-sus, Linaria vulgaris (at least one species dominant)and +/- species of X.5
dry. veg. of Urtica spp., Epilobium angustifolium
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type
- Dd,Rrl
14/a, 14E-a, 14-h, 15-d,e, 17A2, 17A-a, 31-e, 33-a, 33A1,4, 33A5, 33/a, 34A1, 37-g
KDR KDW, KDG
KDr EA -
Notes: Dune areas dominated by species indicating nutrient enrichment such as Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium, see picture), Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) or Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica).
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
26
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
X.12 Drifting sand duneApplied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X N N N X X
Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type (mostly 2120)
- Dd KDO - - KDm WD 2120
Notes: Drifting dune mostly without vegetation (see picture). Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria) might occur occasionally (X.4.1).
Standard TMAP Types of Dunes
27
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.0 Dune slacks (humid)Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv - KN,KB
KDT - - 2190
Notes: Wet dune slacks arise either after the accretion of a new dune line (primary dune slack; mostly linear in shape and parallel to the coastline) or if sand from older dunes is blown out by wind (secondary dune slack; mostly of roundish appearance).
4 Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
28
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.1.1 Centaurium littorale type
Centaurium littorale, Sagina nodosa (at least one species)and +/- species of hygroserie: Juncus anceps, Agrostis stolonifera, Potentilla anserina, Juncus articulatus, Holcus lanatus, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Carex flacca, Bryum algovicum and +/- species of xeroserie: Leon-todon saxatilis, Carex arenaria, Lotus corniculatus, Honckenya peploides, Festuca rubra, Ammophila arenaria, Sonchus arvensis, Sedum acre, Hip-pophaë rhamnoidesand +/- species of haloserie: Plan-tago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Juncus gerardii, Odontites vernus, Glaux maritima, Carex distans, Carex extensa, Trifolium fragiferum
Centaurio-Saginetum (samoletosum, parnas-siotosum)
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 HSs Crs 27A2, 27A1
KNH KDT KPc CS 2190
Notes: Plant community representing the earliest stage of vegetation development in wet primary dune slacks (hygroserie). Seaside Centaury (Centaurium littorale, see picture) and Knotted Pearlwort (Sagina nodosa, see picture) are characteristic species. This plant community is related to those of the xero- and haloserie, because dune and salt marsh species do also occur here.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
29
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.1.2 Radiola linoides type Radiola linoides, Anagallis minima, Juncus pygmaeus, Cicendia fili-formis (at least one species)and +/- Juncus bufonius, Gnapha-lium uliginosum, Isolepis setacea, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Centaurium pulchellum, Sagina procumbens, Carex viridula, Plantago major, Poa annua, Calliergonella cuspidata, Drepano-cladus aduncus, Ceratodon purpureus, Bryum spec, Pohlia nutans, Scapania irrigua, Fossombronia foveolata, Jungermannia gracillima, Cephalozia bicuspidata and +/- species of H.1.4/H.3.1or +/- species of H.2/H.2.1or +/- species of S.0 and H.1.1
Cicendietum filiformis, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv 28A1 KNP (KNH)
KDT KPr RL 2190
Notes: The early successional Dwarf Rush community occurs at sites with different site conditions. The characteristic species All-Seed (Radiola linoides, see picture) and Chaffweed (Anagallis minima, see small picture) are commonly occurring, while Pygmy Rush (Juncus pygmaeus) and Yellow Centaury (Cicendia filiformis) occur very rarely.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
30
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.1.3 Littorella uniflora type
Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Eleocharis multicaulis, Deschampsia setacea, Apium inunda-tum, Pilularia globulifera, Scirpus flui-tans, Baldellia ranunculoides, Samolus valerandi, Potamogeton gramineus, Juncus bulbosus, Lythrum portula, Spar-ganium minimum (at least one species)and +/- Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Ranun-culus flammula, Carex viridula, Juncus articulatus, Juncus anceps, Potentilla anserina, Eleocharis palustris ssp. palustris, uniglumis, Agrostis stolonifera, Carex nigra, Phragmites australis, Drepanocladus spec., Calliergonella cuspidata.and +/- (wet situation) Utricularia spp. (often U. australis), Chara spp. (often C. globularis), Myriophyllum spp. (often M. spicatum), Potamogeton spp. (often P. natans), Ranunculus peltatus ssp. baudotii, Hippuris vulgaris, Polygonum amphibium. (basic situation) Mentha aquatica, Carex flacca, Campylium polygamum, and rare: Scorpidium scorpioides, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Scorpidium revolvens
Littorelletea uniflorae-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -
Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv 06-a, 06C4
KNP (KNKn, KNT)
KDT KPl LU 2190
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
Littorella uniflora (1)
31
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: The early-successional vegetation type is named after the Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora, see picture 1). It is occurring in wet dune slacks, which regularly dry out during summer. Vegetation is characterized by a variety of typical species and can be divided into different sub-types. At sites with a rather high soil pH (pictures 2-3), Lesser Water-Plantain (Baldel-lia ranunculoides), Various-Leaved Pondweed (Potamogeton gramineus) and Brookweed (Samolus valerandi) regularly occur. At sites with a low soil pH (picture 4), Bog Hair-Grass (Deschampsia setacea) is a typical species.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
Baldellia ranunculoides and Potamogeton gramineus (2)
Samolus valerandi (3) leftDeschampsia setacea (4)
right
32
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.1.4 Lycopodiellainundata type
Lycopodiella inundata, Rhynchospora alba, Rhynchospora fusca, Drosera intermedia (at least one species, and rare Hammarbya paludosa)and +/- species of H.3.1: Erica tetralix, Drosera rotundifolia, Vac-cinium uliginosum, Empetrum nigrum, Narthecium ossifragum, Drosera rotundifolia, Oxycoccus palustris, Gen-tiana pneumonanthe, Molinia caeru-lea, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angusti-folium, Juncus bulbosus, Salix repens, Polytrichum commune, Dicranum scoparium, Sphagnum denticulatum, Drepanocladus exannulatus and other Drepanocladus, Sphagnum spec. and +/- Liverworts: Gymnocolea in-flata, Scapania irrigua, Fossombronia foveolata, Jungermannia gracillima, Cephalozia bicuspidata
Lycopodiella inundata-veg., Sphagno-Rhyn-chosporetum, Lycopo-dio-Rhynchosporetum
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv 11A1 KNE KDT KPi LI 2190
Notes: A characteristic species of this pioneer community is the Marsh Clubmoss (Lycopodiella inundata, see picture). This vegetation type usually occurs in small patches within wet heathlands (H.3.1), often in areas with bare soil resulting from anthropogenic disturbances.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
33
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.2.1 Carex trinervis type Carex nigra, Carex trinervis, Poten-tilla palustris (at least one species dominant)and +/- Salix repens agg. (often dominant), Calamagrostis canescens, Eriophorum angustifolium, Epilobium palustre, Stellaria palustre, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Lycopus europaeus, Drepan-ocladus aduncus, Calliergon cordifo-lium, Sphagnum fimbriatumand +/- species of H.2
Caricetum trinervi-nigrae, Caricion nigrae veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv 09A1, 09A3, 09A-a, 09-a,b,c, 09-e,f,h, 09B-b, 09/c
KNA KDT KMm CN 2190
Notes: This vegetation type is characterized by the Three-Nerved Sedge (Carex trinervis, see small picture). It occurs in older, acidic dune slacks with generally high water level fluctuations. The vegetation is often a homogeneous mixture of sedges and creeping willows.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
34
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.2.2 Schoenus nigricans type
Schoenus nigricans, Liparis loeselii, Parnassia palustris, Epipactis palus-tris, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Pellia endiviifolia, Campylium polygamum, C. stellatum, Bryum pseudotri-quetrum, and rare: Gentianella amarella, Carex pulicaris, Juncus subnodulosus, Taraxacum palus-tre, Fissidens adianthoides, Aneura pinguis, Preissia quadrata, Moerckia hibernica (minimum three species)and +/- Mentha aquatica, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Carex flacca, Linum catharticum, and rare: Equisetum var-iegatum, Pedicularis palustris, Juncus arcticus ssp. balticus, Gymnadenia conopsea, Anagallis tenellaand +/- species of H.2and +/- species of H.1.1/H.1.2
Junco baltici-Schoene-tum nigricantis, Juncus subnodulosus-veg., Parnassio-Juncetum atricapilli, Caricion davallianae veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N N -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 HSc Dv, Dvs, Dvp
09C3 KNK KDT - - 2190
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
Schoenus nigricans (1)
35
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This calcareous fen, which is characterized by Schoenus nigricans (see picture 1), usually harbors several plant species with colorful flowers, e.g. Marsh Grass-of-Parnassus (Par-nassia palustris; see picture 2), Fen Orchid (Liparis loeselii) and Early Marsh Orchid (Dac-tylorhiza incarnata, see picture 3). It colonizes pioneer sites in weakly brackish, young primary dune slacks, in secondary dune slacks and in enclosed or reclaimed coastal areas. Under favorable conditions, the vegetation type is persistent for long periods. This com-munity contains higher numbers of “Red list species” than all other plant communities of the Wadden Sea islands.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
Parnassia palustris (2)
Dactylorhiza incarnata (3)
36
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.3.1 Erica tetralix type Erica tetralix (dominant) and +/- Empetrum nigrum, Narthe-cium ossifragum, Vaccinium uligino-sum, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium macrocarpos, Drosera rotundifolia, Juncus squarrosus, Gentiana pneu-monanthe, Scirpus cespitosus ssp. germanicus, Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum fimbriatum, S. subnitens, S. palustre, S. fallax, S. squarrosum, S. molleand +/- Salix repens agg., Cal-luna vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Viola palustris, Carex trinervis, Carex panicea, Agrostis canina, Eriophorum angustifo-lium, Pedicularis sylvatica, Danthonia decumbens, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Hypnum jutlandicum / cupres-siforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum scoparium, Pseudoscleropodium purum
Empetro-Ericetum, Narthecium ossifragum-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -
Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK2190 - Dv 11A3 KNE KDT KMt ET 2190
Notes: The coastal wet heathlands are characterized by the dominance of Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix, see pictures). The community occurs in old, acidic dune slacks.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
37
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.4.1 Phragmites australis type
Phragmites australis (dominant) and +/- Iris pseudacorus, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia, Schoeno-plectus tabernaemontaniand +/- species of H.2
Scirpo-Phragmitetum, Schoenoplecto-Phrag-mitetum, Typho-Phrag-mitetum
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv 08B2, 08B3, 26-b
KNR KDT KMr R 2190
Notes: This community occurs in wet dune slacks and consists of reed beds dominated by Common Reed (Phragmites australis, see picture).
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
38
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.5.1 Salix cinerea type Salix cinerea (dominant), Salix repens agg.
and +/- species of H.2/H.4/H.6
Salix cinerea-Salix arenaria-veg., Salice-tum cinereae – saliceto-sum repentis
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 (NL, DK 2170)
- Dv 36A2 KBH KDT KMw SA 2170
Notes: This tall-growing willow shrubbery occurs in moist to wet dune slacks. It is usually domi-nated by Grey Willow (Salix cinerea, dominant, see picture). Creeping Willow (Salix repens) is another, commonly occurring species.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
39
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.5.2 Myrica gale type Myrica gale (dominant), Salixrepens agg.
and +/- species of H.2/H.4/H.6
Myricetum galis
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N N NReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 (NL, DK 2170)
- Dv 09-h, 36A-b
KBH KD - - 2170
Notes: This tall-growing shrubbery dominated by Bog Myrtle (Myrica gale, see picture) does mainly occur on the West Frisian Islands in moist to wet dune slacks with a low soil pH.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
40
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.6.1 Betula pubescens type
Betula pubescens (dominant)and +/- Carex nigra, Calamagrostis canescens, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Men-tha aquatica, Phragmites australis, Erica tetralix, Salix repens agg., Salix cinerea, Calliergonella cuspidata, Sphagnum spp. and +/- Calamagrostis epigejos, Carex arenaria, Lonicera periclymenum, Agrostis capillaris, Empetrum nigrum, Dicranum scoparium, Rubus spec.
Betula pubescens-veg., Empetro-Betuletum carpaticae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2180 - Dv 40A2, 40A-c, 40A-d
KBA, KBR
KDT KMb BP 2180
Notes: This forest community in moist to wet dune slacks is mostly dominated by Downy Birch (Betula pubescens, see picture). In the herb layer, plant species indicating high soil moisture like Common Sedge (Carex nigra), Purple Small-Reed (Calamagrostis canescens) or Com-mon Reed (Phragmites australis) do typically occurr.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
41
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.6.2 Alnus glutinosa type Alnus glutinosa (dominant)and +/- Carex nigra, Calamagrostis canescens, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Men-tha aquatica, Phragmites australis, Iris pseudacorus, Erica tetralix, Salix repens agg., Salix cinerea, Calliergo-nella cuspidata, Sphagnum spec.and +/- Calamagrostis epigejos, Carex arenaria, Lonicera periclymenum, Agrostis capillaris, Empetrum nigrum, Ribes nigrum, Dicranum scoparium, Rubus spec., Solanum dulcamara, Glyceria maxima, Thypha spec., Carex riparia
Alnus glutinosa-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2180 - Dv 39A1,2, 39A-a,b, 39A-d,e, 39A-f
KBE KDT KMe AG 2180
Notes: This forest community in moist to wet dune slacks is dominated by Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa, see picture). As in type H.6.1, plant species indicating high soil moisture like Common Sedge (Carex nigra), Purple Small-Reed (Calamagrostis canescens) or Common Reed (Phragmites australis) do typically occurr in the herb layer.
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
42
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.8 Aquatic vegetation in dune slacks - Hydroserie
Utricularia spp. (often U. austra-lis), Chara spp. (often C. globula-ris), Myriophyllum spp. (often M. spicatum), Potamogeton spp. (often P. natans), Ruppia spp., Ranunculus peltatus ssp. baudotii, etc. (at least one species dominant)
Charetea fragilis, Pota-mogetoneta, Utriculari-etea-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X N X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv 04-a, 04B2,3, 04C1,3, 04D1a, 04D1b, 05A1,2, 05A-a, 05E3, 05-f,h
KNT KDT KMf HY 2190
Notes: Aquatic dune slack vegetation with Bladderworts (Utricularia), Watermilfoil (Myriophyl-lum), Pondweed (Potamogeton) or Chara (see picture).
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
43
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
H.9 Ruderal Dune slack areas with litter brushwood
Epilobium hirsutum, Cirsium vul-gare, arvense. (at least one species dominant)and +/- species of H.2/H.4
Moist vegetation of Epilobium hirsutum,Cirsium vulgare a. arvense.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
2190 - Dv 32B2, 32B3, 32A1, 32-a, 32-b, 32-c, 32-d, 32-e, 32-f, 32-g
KNS KDT KMh EH 2190
Notes: Areas in dune slacks with vegetation dominanted by species indicating high nutrient avail-ability like Great Willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum, see picture), Spear Thistle (Cirsium vul-gare) or Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense).
Standard TMAP Types of Dune Slacks
44
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.0.0 Vegetation not pre-sent, disturbed
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type
Su* - 50A, 50B, 50C
- KWO KNx 90 -
Notes: Highly disturbed sites with bare soil without vegetation (see picture) within salt marshes are mapped as type S.0.0 (vegetation not present, unspecific).
5 Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
45
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: Old creeks or inundated areas are mapped as open water without vegetation.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.0.1 Open water
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type
Sw water - KLA, KLZ
- KNt 55 -
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
46
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: Bare sand or shell is mapped as type S.0.2.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.0.2 Bare sand or shells in salt marsh sys-tems
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type
Ss zand; schelp
- (KS) KWO KNo 88 -
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
47
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: The type ‘bare mud or clay’ is found at inundated sites in the salt marsh area or along the salt marsh shore below mean high tide.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.0.3 Bare mud or clay in salt marsh systems
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type
Sm slik, Qq0p, Qq0e, QuO, Ss0
- (KWK, KWB)
KWO KWv VO -
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
48
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: Common Cordgrass (Spartina anglica, see picture) is the first perennial species establishing around mean high tide. This vegetation can accelerate sedimentation and thus facilitate salt marsh development.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.1.1 Spartina anglica type
Spartina anglica Spartinetum anglicae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1320 SPs Ss5, Ss3, Bs3, Bs5
24A1 KWG KWG KNs S 1320
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
49
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This pioneer vegetation is characterized by a few annual plants as Long-Spiked Glasswort (Salicornia stricta) and Common Glasswort (Salicornia europaea, see picture). At nutrient-rich sites, the Annual Sea-blite (Suaeda maritima) and the Hairy Sea-blite (Bassia hirsuta, see small picture) can be dominant.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.1.2 Salicornia type Salicornia spp., Suaeda maritima, Bassia hirsuta (at least one species dominant)
Salicornietum strictae, Salicornietum rammo-sissimae, Salicornietum decumbentis, Suaede-tum maritimae, Thero-Salicornion strictae-veg., Suaedo-Bassietum hirsutae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X XReference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1310 SPq Qqp, Qqe, Qu
25A2, 25A-a, 26A-c
KWQ, KWQW, KWQV, KSF
KWQ KQb, KQd, KQr, KQs,KQu
SS, SR, SD, U, BH
1310
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
50
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: Common Saltmarsh-Grass (Puccinellia maritima, see picture) is the characteristic species of the low salt marsh. The plant tissue of this species contains a high content of proteins and is therefore favoured by many herbivores.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.2.1 Puccinellia maritima type
Puccinellia maritima (dominant)and +/- Spergularia spp., Salicornia spp., Puccinellia distans, Spartina anglica, Suaeda maritima, Limonium vulgare, Aster tripolium
Puccinellietum mariti-mae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SLp P, Pp, Ppq, P-d, P-q, P-u, Pps, Ppu, Pe, Pt, Pex, Pj, Pg
26A1, 26A-a
KHUP KHU, KHW
KNd, KNp, KNv, KNw
P, Ps 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
51
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: Common Sea-Lavender (Limonium vulgare, see picture), a species with its optimum in the low salt marsh and with beautiful flowers, can create whole areas of purple colors. The flowers are also important for many nectarivore insects like butterflies (see small picture).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.2.2 Limonium vulgare / Puccinellia maritima type
Limonium vulgare and +/- Plantago maritima, Puccinel-lia maritima, Spergularia maritima, Aster tripolium
(Plantagini-Limonietum)
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SLl Ppl, Pl 26A2 KHUL KHU, KHW
- P 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
52
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This vegetation is characterized by the dominance of Sea Aster (Aster tripolium, see pic-ture). The species with purple flowers is attractive for many nectarivore insects (see small picture) and is also favoured by herbivores. In moderately grazed brackish low salt marshes the species can reach a height of up to 1.5 meters.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.2.3 Aster tripolium / Puccinellia maritima type
Aster tripolium (dominant)and +/- Puccinellia maritima, Sper-gularia maritima, Limonium vulgare, Plantago maritima
Aster tripolium-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 Sla Ppa,Pa,Jfa,Jja, Ppab, Ba
26A-b KHUA KHU, KHW
KNa A 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
53
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This low shrubby vegetation is characterized by the dominance of Sea Purslane (Atriplex portulacoides, see picture). This type mainly occurrs in the low salt marsh on clayey soils. During cold winters, this vegetation severely suffers from ice formation.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.2.4 Atriplex portula-coides type
Atriplex portulacoides (dominant)and +/- Puccinellia maritima, Spergu-laria maritima, Salicornia spp., Suaeda maritima
Halimionetum portula-coidis
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SLh Ph 26A3 KHUH KHU, KHW
KNh H 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
54
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This vegetation type with the Common Sea-Lavender (Limonium vulgare) occurs in in-undated areas at higher, sandy salt marshes. Other characteristic species are Saltmarsh Rush (Juncus gerardii), Sea Milkwort (Glaux maritima), Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) and Sea Wormwood (Artemisia maritima).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.1 Limonium vulgare / Juncus gerardi type
Limonium vulgare (dominant), Jun-cus gerardii, Glaux maritimaand +/- species of S.3
(Plantagini-Limonietum)
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHl Jjl, Jfl 26A2, 26C-a, 26-a
KHOL KHO - - 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
55
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This usually grazed vegetation type with a dominance of Saltmarsh Rush (Juncus gerardii, see picture) occurs at regularly inundated areas at high sandy salt marshes. Sea Milkwort (Glaux maritima) is often co-dominant.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.2 Juncus gerardi type Juncus gerardi Glaux maritima and +/- species of S.3
Juncetum gerardii
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHj Jj, Jex 26C1, 26C-c
KHOJ KHO, KHI
KOj J 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
56
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This vegetation of the high salt marsh is dominated by Red Fescue (Festuca rubra). Other often occurring species are Sea Thrift (Armeria maritima), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and Sea Couch Grass (Elytrigia atherica).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.3 Festuca rubra type Festuca rubra (dominant) and +/- species of S.3
Festuca rubra-veg., Armerio-Festucetum littoralis
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHf Jf 26C-b KHOR KHO, KHI
KOf F 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
57
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This vegetation occurs at high marsh sites and is dominated by Sea Wormwood (Artemisia maritima, see picture). Other regularly occurring species are Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) and Sea Couch Grass (Elytrigia atherica).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.5 Artemisia maritima / Festuca rubra type
Artemisia maritima (dominant) and +/- Festuca rubra, Elymus atheri-cus
Artemisietum maritimae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHz Pz, Jf-z, Jz
26-c KHOB KHO, KHI
KOt T 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
58
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This vegetation of the high salt marsh is dominated by Sea Rush (Juncus maritimus, see picture). Due to its stiff and stinging leaves it is hardly grazed by herbivores.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.6 Juncus maritimus type
Juncus maritimus (dominant) and +/- Festuca rubra, Juncusgerardii, Elymus athericus
Juncus maritimus-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHm Pm, Jm
26-e KHBN KHO, KHB
KOm MG 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
59
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: The vegetation dominated by Sea Couch Grass (Elytrigia atherica) is late successional stage at high marshes, often occurring on ungrazed sites. Vegetation is mostly species-poor be-cause of the tall grass with a dense cover and a thick litter layer.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.7 Elymus athericus type
Elymus athericus (dominant)and +/- Festuca rubra, Atriplex prostrata
species of S.3
Agropyretum litoralis, Agropyretum pungentis, Atriplici-Agropyretum pungentis, Atriplici-Elymetum atherici, Elymetum pycnanthi, Astero-Agropyretum repentis, Elymus repens ssp. littoralis-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 Shy Py,Jy3,Jy5, Ry3, Ry5, By3,By5
26-d KHQA KHQ KOq Q 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
60
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: Vegetation dominated by Long-Bracted Sedge (Carex extensa, see picture) is typical for high sandy salt marshes and upper beach plains. Other typical species are Lesser Centaury (Centaurium pulchellum), Red Bartsia (Odontites vernus), Sea Milkwort (Glaux maritima) and Sea Hard-Grass (Parapholis strigosa).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.8 Carex extensa type Carex extensa and +/- Odontites vernus ssp. seroti-nus, Centaurium pulchellum, Glaux maritima, Juncus maritimus, Agrostis stolonifera, Parapholis strigosa and +/- species of S.3
Junco Caricetumextensae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHe Je 26C2 KHS, KHBN
KHB KOc CE 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
61
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: At high tide marks and guano-rich sites, a nutrient-rich vegetation with Orache (Atriplex) occurs (see picture). Typical species are Spear-Leaved Orache (Atriplex prostrata), Grass-Leaved Orache (Atriplex littoralis) and Sea Mayweed (Tripleurospermum maritimum).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.9 Atriplex prostrata / A. littoralis type
Atriplex prostrata, A. littoralis(at least one species dominant) and +/- Tripleurospermum maritimum
Atriplex prostrata / lit-toralis veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHx Xx, Xk 22A1, 29A3
KHM KHO KOl, KOp
AP, AX 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
62
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This dense grassland vegetation is characterized by Creeping Bent (Agrostis stolonifera) and different Clovers such as Strawberry Clover (Trifolium fragiferum, see small picture) and White Clover (Trifolium repens). It occurs in high salt marshes and in low dunes. Other typical species are Common Silverweed (Potentilla anserina), Lesser Centaury (Centaurium pulchellum), Red Bartsia (Odontites vernus), Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) and Bird’s-Foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.10 Agrostis stolonifera / Trifolium fragifer-um type
Agrostis stoloniferaand +/- Potentilla anserina, Festuca rubra, Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus and +/- species of S.3
Trifolio fragiferi-Agrostietum stoloniferae, Agrostis stolonifera-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHg Jg, Rgf, Rpf, Rgc, Rgl, Rgt
12B2, 12B3, 12B-m
KHB oder KHF
KHI, KHO
KOa W 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
63
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This type occurs on low brakish dunes. Distant Sedge (Carex distans) and Spiny Restharrow (Ononis spinosa, see small picture) are typical species.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.12 Ononis spinosa / Carex distans type
Carex distans, Ononis spinosa (at least one species) and +/- species of S.3and +/- species of X.3/X.5
Ononido-Caricetum distantis
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHo Ro 12B4 KHBT KHB KOo OC 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
64
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: On high salt marshes and low dunes vegetation with Couch Grass (Elytrigia repens) as the dominant species can occur (see picture). If Sea Couch Grass (Elytrigia atherica) is also present, it is likely to find the bastard (E. x oliveri), too. On the small picture: left E. repens, middle: E. x oliveri and right: E. atherica.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.13 Elymus repens type Elymus repens (dominant)and +/- species of S.3/X.5
Agropyretum litoralis, Agropyretum pungentis, Atriplici-Agropyretum pungentis, Atriplici-Elymetum atherici, Elymetum pycnanthi, Astero-Agropyretum repentis, Elymus repens ssp. littoralis-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHr Re 26-d, 16/c
KHQR KHQ KOd DQ 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
65
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: At ruderal high salt marshes and low dunes vegetation with Creeping Thistle (Cirsium ar-vense) can occur. At more nutrient-rich sites, Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) can be domi-nant. Formerly classified as S.6.0 in SH
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.3.14 Ruderal salt marsh areas
Cirsium arvense, Urtica dioica, Sonchus spec. (at least one species dominant)and +/- species of S.0
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SHu Rru,Rrc
- KHQS - KOh,KOr
RU, CA 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
66
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: In brackish salt marshes at permanently wet sites, vegetation with Sea Club-Rush (Bol-boschoenus maritimus, see picture) or Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) can occur. Other typical species are Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.5.1 Bolboschoenus / Schoenoplectus type
Bolboschoenus maritimus and / or Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (at least one species dominant) and +/- Phragmites australis, Aster tripolium, Agrostis stoloniferaand +/- species of S.5
Bolboschoenetum maritimae
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 (LS partly)
SBb Bis, Bi3, Bi5
12B-d, 26-b, 08B2
KRS, KWRT, KWRS
KBS KRb B 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
67
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: If vegetation of the brackish marsh reaches its climax stage, it will be dominated by Com-mon Reed (Phragmites australis, see picture). It is very common in ungrazed areas, such as brackish dune slacks and at brackish marshes along estuaries.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.5.2 Phragmites australis type
Phragmites australis (dominant) and +/- Atriplex prostrataand +/- species of S.5
Phragmites australis-veg. (brackish marsh)
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 (LS partly)
SBp Bb, Bc 08-f, 26-a
KRP, KWRP
KBP KRs RH 1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
68
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This community is an assemblage of multiple brackish pioneer and grassland communi-ties. Most common species are Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and Common Sil-verweed (Potentilla anserina). Common Saltmarsh-Grass (Puccinellia maritima), Saltmarsh Rush (Juncus gerardii), Slender Spike-Rush (Eleocharis uniglumis) and at some places Red Goosefoot (Chenopodium rubrum), Saltmarsh Flat-Sedge (Blysmus rufus) or Golden Buttons (Cotula coronopifolia, see pictures) can be dominant.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.5.3 Brackish flooded grassland type
Agrostis stolonifera, Potentilla anserina, Blysmus rufus, Cotula coronopifolia, Eleocharis uniglumis, Triglochin palustre and +/- species of S.5
Blysmetum rufi, Eleo-charis uniglumis-veg., Cotula coronopifolia-veg., Alopecurus bulbosus-veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
1330 SBg P—b, Pp-b, Pe-b, Bcs, Bg, Bt, Bj, Br, Bgt, Bgn, Bpj, Bo, Bpg, Bp
26C3 KHBN, KHF
KHB KRc, KRe, KRr
BR, EU, C
1330
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
69
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: This vegetation is mostly intensively grazed and occurs in high salt marshes, summer pol-ders. Due to antropogenic influences in such areas, it’s not a real salt or brackish vegetation by definition. These areas might be of less interest for nature managers, and are therefore mapped provisionally as ‘grassland unspecific’.
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.6.0 Fresh grasslands, unspecific
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
- SF* - 12B-m G-types G KOr,KOh
CA, SP -
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
70
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Notes: At high salt marshes, summer dikes (see picture) and summer polders in intensively man-aged (grazed) areas, a vegetation with glycophytes can occur. Typical species are Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne, see small picture), Crested Dogstail Grass (Cynosurus cristatus), White Clover (Trifolium repens), Meadow Barley (Hordeum secalinum), Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major) and Common Silverweed (Potentilla anserina).
TMAPCode:
TMAP Type:Description: Typical / characteristic -species -vegetation
S.6.1 Lolium perenne, Cynosurus cristatus and other fresh spe-cies types
Lolium perenne, Cynosurus crista-tus, etc.and +/- species of S.6
Lolio-Cynosuretum, Plantagini-Lolietum perennis, Polygonion veg.
Applied in the country/federal state:
Standard TMAP
Netherlands Lower Saxony Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein
Denmark
X X X X X -Reference to other typologies:
Natura 2000 CodeEU
Mapping Code
NL
RWS SALT 2008 Code NL
Staats-bosbe-heer Code NL
Biotope Code
LS
Biotope Code
HH
Biotope Code
SH
Mapping Code
SH
Mapping Code
DK
as sur-rounding Natura 2000 type
SFl Dd, Dv, Rgv, Rp, Rgh
16C4 GM, Gl GM KGf, KGg, KGy
AR, MO, Y
-
Standard TMAP Types of Salt Marshes
71
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
6 Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
72
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
X.0
Dune
s
XEDd
KD
KDKD
ySW
X.1
Beac
h pl
ains
No
vege
tatio
n
Ss,
X.1
zand
KS
, KS
N,
KSB,
KS
P,
KSI,
(KSA
)
KSKS
s99
X.2
Beac
h dr
iftl
ine
2110
, 12
10,
1220
XE,
SU*
veek
KSV
CM
, CR
X.2.
0
Be
ach
drif
tlin
e,
unsp
ecifi
c21
10,
1210
, 12
20
XE*
KS
V
CM,
CR
X.2.
1X
XX
XX
Ca
kile
mar
itim
a ty
peCa
kile
mar
itim
a an
d +/
Sa
lsol
a ka
li, H
onck
enya
pep
loid
es, A
trip
lex
spec
ies,
Elym
us
farc
tus
ssp.
bor
eoat
lant
icus
Caki
letu
m m
ariti
mae
1210
, (in
LS
2110
)
XEd
Dxc,
Dx
h,
Deu,
Dx
s
22a
, 22
B1(K
DV)
KSV
KSa
CM21
10
X.2.
2X
NN
NX
Cr
ambe
mar
itim
a ty
peCr
ambe
mar
itim
a an
d +/
H
onck
enya
pep
loid
es, S
ilene
vul
garis
ssp.
mar
itim
a, G
lauc
ium
fla
vum
, Ery
ngiu
m m
ariti
mum
, Rum
ex c
rispu
s, Le
ymus
are
nariu
s
Crith
mo-
Cram
betu
m, H
onke
-ny
a pe
ploi
des a
nd
Sile
ne v
ulga
ris s
sp.
mar
itim
a ve
g.
1220
KSV
KSv
CR
X.3
Embr
yoni
c du
nes
2110
XEDd
KD
VKD
V
EG21
10X.
3.0
Embr
yoni
c du
nes,
unsp
ecifi
c 21
10XE
*Dd
KD
VKD
V
EG21
10
X.3.
1X
XX
XX
XEl
ymus
far
ctus
ty
peEl
ymus
far
ctus
spp
. bor
eoat
lant
icus
(do
min
ant)
an
d +/
Le
ymus
are
nariu
s, Am
mop
hila
are
naria
, Hon
cken
ya p
eplo
ides
, Sa
lsol
a ka
li, C
akila
mar
itim
e
Elym
o-Ag
ropy
retu
m,
Hon
keny
o-Ag
ropy
re-
tum
junc
ei
2110
Xef
Def,
Deg,
Dd
22A1
, 22
B1,
22B
a,
22a
, 23
A1,
23B
a
KDV
KDV
KDv
EG21
10
X.4
Whi
te d
unes
21
20
Dd
KDW
KDW
EM
, E21
20
X.4.
0
W
hite
dun
es,
unsp
ecifi
c21
20
Dd50
A,
50B,
50
C
KDW
KDW
EM
, E21
20
X.4.
1X
XX
XX
XAm
mop
hila
ar
enar
ia t
ype
Amm
ophi
la a
rena
ria, A
mm
ocal
amag
rost
is ba
ltica
, Ley
mus
are
na
rius
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
an
d +/
So
nchu
s arv
ense
, Oen
othe
ra p
arvi
flora
var
. am
mop
hila
, Hie
-ra
cium
um
bella
tum
, Cal
yste
gia
sold
anel
la (r
are)
, Ery
ngiu
m m
ariti
mum
(r
are)
, Lat
hyru
s mar
itim
us (r
are)
, Fes
tuca
rubr
a ss
p. a
rena
ria, C
arex
ar
enar
ia, H
onck
enya
pep
loid
es, E
lym
us fa
rctu
s ss
p. b
oreo
atla
ntic
us,
Caki
le m
ariti
ma
Elym
o-Am
mop
hi-
letu
m, x
Cal
amm
o-ph
ila b
altic
a-ve
g.,
Pote
ntill
o-Le
ymet
um
aren
aria
e (P
oten
til-
lo-E
lym
etum
)
2120
Dd
23B1
, 23
Ba,
23
a
KDW
KDW
KDw
EM, E
2120
73
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
X.5
XX
XX
XX
Dune
gra
ssla
ndsp
ecie
s of
X.5
: Car
ex a
rena
ria, A
gros
tis c
apill
aris
, Fes
tuca
rubr
a ss
p.
aren
aria
, Aira
pra
ecox
, Ant
hoxa
nthu
m o
dora
tum
, Luz
ula
cam
pest
ris,
Viol
a ca
nina
, Vio
la tr
icol
or (s
sp. c
urtis
ii), J
asio
ne m
onta
na, H
iera
cium
um
bella
tum
, Rum
ex a
ceto
sella
, Hyp
ocho
eris
radi
cata
, Gal
ium
mol
lugo
, Ce
rast
ium
sem
idec
andr
um, L
otus
cor
nicu
latu
s, H
ypnu
m c
upre
ssifo
rme,
Di
cran
um sc
opar
ium
, Pol
ytric
hum
juni
perin
um, C
ampy
lopu
s int
ro-
flexu
s, Ce
rato
don
pupu
reus
, Cet
raria
acu
leat
a Cl
adon
ia c
iliat
a,
C. p
orte
ntos
a, C
. fur
cata
, C. s
ubul
ata,
C. g
rayi
, C. c
ervi
corn
is, C
. ram
u-lo
sa
Koel
erio
-Cor
ynep
ho-
rete
a-ve
g.21
30
Dd14
c,
14d
, 14
g,
14h
, 14
l,
14m
KDG
KDG
KDg
TR21
30
X.5.
0
Du
ne g
rass
land
, un
spec
ific
2130
Dd
KD
GKD
G
TR21
30
X.5.
1
XX
X
Co
ryne
phor
us
cane
scen
s ty
pe
Cory
neph
orus
can
esce
ns
and
+/
Poly
tric
hum
pili
feru
m, C
lado
nia
arbu
scul
a, C
. coc
cife
ra, C
. flo
erke
ana,
C. g
raci
lis, C
. unc
ialis
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
X.5
an
d no
or l
ess
spec
ies
of X
.5.2
Viol
o-Co
ryne
phor
e-tu
m, C
oryn
epho
rion-
veg.
2130
Dd
14A1
, 14
A2KD
GAKD
G
TR21
30
X.5.
2
XX
X
Ko
eler
ia a
rena
ria
type
Ph
leum
are
nariu
m, T
ortu
la r
ural
is va
r. ru
ralif
orm
is, K
oele
ria a
re
naria
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
X.5
.2: S
ilene
otit
es, T
halic
trum
min
us, A
nthy
llis
vuln
erar
ia, G
aliu
m v
erum
, Trif
oliu
m a
rven
se, E
uphr
asia
str
icta
, Le
onto
don
saxa
tilis,
Rhi
nant
us m
inor
, Sed
um a
cre,
Poa
pra
tens
is ss
p. ir
rigat
a, M
yoso
tis r
amos
issim
a, S
cler
anth
us p
eren
nis,
Trifo
lium
ca
mpe
stre
, Sen
ecio
jaco
baea
, Bra
chyt
heci
um a
lbic
ans,
Hypn
um
lacu
nosu
m, R
acom
itriu
m c
anes
cens
, Cla
doni
a ra
ngifo
rmis,
C. f
olia
cea,
C. s
cabr
iusc
ula,
C. h
umili
s, C.
poc
illum
, Pel
tiger
a sp
ec. (
min
. 3
5 sp
ecie
s)
and
+/
spec
ies
of X
.5.3
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
X.5
Tort
ulo-
Phle
etum
, Ph
leo-
Tort
ulet
um,
Fest
uco-
Galie
tum
, Ai
retu
m p
raec
ocis
, Ko
eler
ion-
veg.
2130
Dd
14B1
, 14
D4,
14D
d,
14E1
, 14
Ea
KDGK
KDG
TR
2130
X.5.
3
XX
N
Bo
tryc
hium
lu
naria
typ
e N
ardu
s st
ricta
, Bot
rych
ium
luna
ria (
rare
), An
tenn
aria
dio
ica
(rar
e),
spec
ies
of t
he X
.5.3
: Pol
ygal
a vu
lgar
is, H
iera
cium
pilo
sella
, Fes
tuca
ov
ina,
Ver
onic
a of
ficin
alis,
Dan
thon
ia d
ecum
bens
, Pot
entil
la e
rect
a (m
inim
um 3
spe
cies
) an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
X.5
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
X.5
.2
Botr
ychi
o-Po
lyga
le-
tum
, Nar
do-G
alio
n-ve
g.
2130
Dd
19A3
, 19
Aa,
19
Ac,
19
b,
19a
KDGB
KDG
TR
2130
X.5.
4
XX
X
Ca
rex
aren
aria
ty
pe
Care
x ar
enar
ia (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of X
.5
Care
x ar
enar
ia-v
eg.
2130
Dd
14i
, 14
jKD
GSKD
GKD
gTR
2130
X.5.
5
XX
De
scha
mps
ia
flexu
osa
type
De
scha
mps
ia fl
exuo
sa (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of X
.5
Desc
ham
psia
flexu
osa-
veg.
2130
Dd
19d
, 19
Ad
KDGS
KDG
KDg
TR21
30
X.6
N
Dune
hea
th
2140
Dd
KD
E,
KDC
HE,
CV
2140
74
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
X.6.
0
N
Du
ne h
eath
, un
spec
ific
Dd
KDE,
KD
C
H
E,CV
2140
X.6.
1X
XX
NX
XEm
petr
um
nigr
um t
ype
Empe
trum
nig
rum
(do
min
ant)
an
d +/
Po
lypo
dium
vul
gare
, Cal
luna
vul
garis
, Hie
raci
um u
mbe
llatu
m,
Salix
repe
ns a
gg.,
Loni
cera
per
icly
men
um, C
arex
are
naria
, Agr
ostis
ca
pilla
ris, A
ntho
xant
hum
odo
ratu
m, L
uzul
a ca
mpe
stris
, Fes
tuca
ovi
na,
Dant
honi
a de
cum
bens
, Dry
opte
ris d
ilata
ta. A
mm
ophi
la a
rena
ria, H
yp-
num
jutla
ndic
um /
cupr
essi
form
e, P
leur
oziu
m sc
hreb
eri,
Dicr
anum
sco-
pariu
m, P
seud
oscl
erop
odiu
m p
urum
, Hyl
ocom
ium
sple
nden
s, Cl
adon
ia
port
ento
sa, C
. fur
cata
Hie
raci
o-Em
pe-
tret
um, P
olyp
odio
-Em
petr
etum
2140
Dd
20A3
, 20
a,
11A3
, 11
b,
11/a
KDE
KD
eH
E21
40
X.6.
2X
XX
NX
Ca
lluna
vul
garis
ty
peCa
lluna
vul
garis
(do
min
ant)
an
d +
(nea
rly)
no E
mpe
trum
nig
rum
and
+/
Salix
repe
ns a
gg.,
Care
x ar
enar
ia, A
gros
tis c
apill
aris
, An-
thox
anth
um o
dora
tum
, Luz
ula
cam
pest
ris, F
estu
ca o
vina
, Dan
thon
ia
decu
mbe
ns, H
iera
cium
um
bella
tum
, Hyp
num
jutla
ndic
um /
cupr
essi
-fo
rme,
Ple
uroz
ium
schr
eber
i, Di
cran
um sc
opar
ium
, Pse
udos
cler
opod
ium
pu
rum
Hie
raci
o-Em
petr
e-tu
m -
dom
. Cal
luna
vu
lgar
is
2150
Dd
20A1
KDC
KD
cCV
X.7
Dune
scr
ub
Dd
KG
KHg
GD,
HR,
X
X.7.
0
Du
ne s
crub
, un
spec
ific
Dd
KG
GD
, H
R, X
X.7.
1X
XX
NX
XHi
ppop
haë
rham
noid
es t
ype
Hipp
opha
ë rh
amno
ides
(do
min
ant)
an
d +/
Sa
lix re
pens
(ssp
. dun
ensi
s), S
ambu
cus n
igra
, Car
ex a
rena
ria,
Amm
ophi
la a
rena
ria, G
aliu
m m
ollu
go, F
estu
ca ru
bra
agg.
, Poa
pra
ten-
sis,
Lina
ria v
ulga
ris, R
ubus
cae
sius
, Sen
ecio
jaco
baea
Hip
poph
ao-S
am-
buce
tum
nig
rae,
Sa
lici a
rena
riae-
Hip
poph
aetu
m
2160
Dd
37B1
, 37
B2,
37B3
, 37
Bc,
37
Bd,
37
Be
KGS
KH
hH
R21
60
X.7.
2X
XX
XX
XSa
lix r
epen
s ag
g.
type
Salix
rep
ens
(ssp
. dun
ensis
) (d
omin
ant)
an
d +/
Ro
sa sp
inos
issi
ma,
Pyr
ola
rotu
ndifo
lia
and
+/
Care
x ar
enar
ia, A
mm
ophi
la a
rena
ria, G
aliu
m m
ollu
go, F
estu
ca
rubr
a ag
g., P
oa p
rate
nsis
dry
Salix
repe
ns
agg.
-veg
., Py
rolo
-Sa
licet
um, R
osa
spin
osis
sim
a-Sa
lix
aren
aria
-veg
.
2170
Dd
19f
, 20
a,
36A2
KGK
KH
sX
2170
X.7.
3X
XX
NX
Ro
sa c
anin
a ty
pe
Rosa
can
ina,
Ros
a ru
bigi
nosa
, Rub
us f
rutic
osus
s.l.
, Cra
taeg
us s
pp.,
less
Bet
ula
spp.
, les
s Po
pulu
s tr
emul
a, S
ambu
cus
nigr
a, S
orbu
s au
cu
paria
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
an
d +/
Sa
lix re
pens
(ssp
. dun
ensi
s), l
ess
Hip
poph
aë rh
amno
ides
, Lo
nice
ra p
eric
lym
enum
, Rub
us c
aesi
us, C
arex
are
naria
, Am
mop
hila
are
-na
ria, G
aliu
m m
ollu
go, F
estu
ca ru
bra
agg.
, Poa
pra
tens
is
Rham
no-P
rune
tea-
veg.
unti
l 10
0 m
²
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
Dd
37f
, 37
Bb,
37
c,
37e
, 14
m,
15d
, 17
Ab
KGH
KD
???
GD
X.7.
4X
XX
XX
Ro
sa r
ugos
a ty
pe
Rosa
rug
osa
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of t
he X
.5/X
.6/X
.7
Rosa
rugo
sa-v
eg.
Dd
KGX
KH
rGR
X.8
Dune
woo
dlan
d
Dd
36A2
KG
UW
,PT,
KI
, QR
75
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
X.8.
0X
XX
NX
Du
ne w
oodl
and,
un
spec
ific
Popu
lus
alba
, Pru
nus
sero
tina
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
X.8
(NL,
DK 2180
)
Dd
37B
b,
41A/
c,
43a
, 43
h,
43i
KGY
KH
xUW
X.8.
1X
XX
NX
XPo
pulu
s tr
emul
a ty
pe
Popu
lus
trem
ula,
Bet
ula
pend
ula
/ Bet
ula
pube
scen
s (a
t le
ast
1 sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
an
d +/
So
rbus
auc
upar
ia, C
arex
are
naria
, Agr
ostis
cap
illar
is, A
nth-
oxan
thum
odo
ratu
m, D
ryop
teris
dila
tata
, Em
petr
um n
igru
m, H
olcu
s la
natu
s, Lo
nice
ra p
eric
lym
enum
Popu
lus t
rem
ula
/ Bet
ula
pend
ula
Que
rcus
robu
r-ve
g.
2180
Dd
43j
KGP
KH
tPT
2180
X.8.
2X
XX
NX
Pi
nus
spp.
typ
e
Pinu
s sy
lves
tris,
Pin
us m
ugo,
Pin
us n
igra
(at
leas
t 1
spec
ies
dom
ina
nt)
and
+/
spec
ies
of X
.8
Pinu
s sp
p.-v
eg.
Dd41
a,
41b
, 41
Ab,
41
A/a,
41
A2,
41A3
KGY,
W
ZK
KHp
KI
X.8.
3X
XX
NX
Q
uerc
us t
ype
Que
rcus
rob
ur (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Betu
la p
endu
la, B
etul
a pu
besc
ens,
Popu
lus t
rem
ula,
Sor
bus
aucu
paria
, Agr
ostis
cap
illar
is, A
ntho
xant
hum
odo
ratu
m, C
arex
are
-na
ria, D
ryop
teris
dila
tata
, Em
petr
um n
igru
m, H
olcu
s lan
atus
, Lon
icer
a pe
ricly
men
um
2180
Dd
42A1
, 42
A2,
42A
a,
42A
b,
42A
c,
43A1
, 43
Ab,
43
Bc,
43
Bd,
43
Be,
43
B2,
43B
b,
43B
c,
43B
d,
43d
KGQ
KH
R21
80
X.9
XX
X
Ope
n du
ne
area
s no
veg
etat
ion
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
Dd
KD
OKD
OKD
oKD
76
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
X.10
XX
XX
X
Rude
ral d
une
area
s Ep
ilobi
um a
ngus
tifol
ium
, Cirs
ium
arv
ense
, Cirs
ium
vul
gare
, Urt
ica
dioi
ca, U
rtic
a ur
ens,
Rubu
s ca
esiu
s, An
chus
a of
ficin
alis,
Rub
us f
ru
ticos
us, L
inar
ia v
ulga
ris (
at le
ast
one
spec
ies
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of X
.5
dry.
veg.
of U
rtic
a sp
p., E
pilo
bium
an-
gust
ifoliu
m
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
Dd
,Rr
l14
/a,
14E
a,
14h
, 15
d,
15e
, 17
A2,
17A
a,
31e
, 33
a,
33A1
, 33
A4,
33A5
, 33
/a,
34A1
, 37
g
KDR
KDW
, KD
GKD
rEA
X.11
X
X
Salt
y du
ne a
reas
sp
ecie
s of
X.5
and
Sal
t m
arsh
spe
cies
an
d +/
Cl
adon
ia ra
ngifo
rmis
, Cla
doni
a fu
rcat
a ss
p. s
ubra
ngifo
rmis
Salty
dun
e ve
g.
(xer
oser
ie-h
alos
erie
)as
sur
ro
und
ing
Nat
ura
2000
ty
pe
R.
., C.
., X.
KD
F
KDn
DS
X.12
XN
NN
XX
Drif
ting
san
d du
ne
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
(m
ost
ly
2120
)
KD
O
KDm
WD
2120
H.0
XX
XX
XX
Dune
sla
cks
(hum
id)
2190
Dv
KN
,KB
KDT
2190
H.1
X
Pion
eer
dune
sl
acks
2190
HS
Dv
KNP
KDT
KPy
PI21
90
H.1
.0
Pi
onee
r du
ne
slac
ks, u
nspe
cific
2190
HS*
Dv
KNP
KDT
PI
2190
H.1
.1X
XX
XX
Ce
ntau
rium
lit
tora
le t
ype
Cent
auriu
m li
ttor
ale,
Sag
ina
nodo
sa (a
t le
ast
one
spec
ies)
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
hyg
rose
rie: J
uncu
s anc
eps,
Agro
stis
stol
onife
ra, P
o-te
ntill
a an
serin
a, Ju
ncus
art
icul
atus
, Hol
cus l
anat
us, M
enth
a aq
uatic
a,
Linu
m c
atha
rtic
um, C
arex
flac
ca, B
ryum
alg
ovic
um
and
+/
spec
ies
of x
eros
erie
: Leo
ntod
on sa
xatil
is, C
arex
are
naria
, Lo
tus c
orni
cula
tus,
Hon
cken
ya p
eplo
ides
, Fes
tuca
rubr
a, A
mm
ophi
la
aren
aria
, Son
chus
arv
ensi
s, Se
dum
acr
e, H
ippo
phaë
rham
noid
es
and
+/
spec
ies
of h
alos
erie
: Pla
ntag
o co
rono
pus,
Plan
togo
mar
itim
a,
Arm
eria
mar
itim
a, Ju
ncus
ger
ardi
i, Od
ontit
es v
ernu
s, Gl
aux
mar
itim
a,
Care
x di
stan
s, Ca
rex
exte
nsa,
Trifo
lium
frag
iferu
m
Cent
aurio
-Sa
gine
tum
(sam
olet
osum
,pa
rnas
siot
osum
)
2190
HSs
Crs
27A2
, 27
A1KN
HKD
TKP
cCS
2190
77
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
H.1
.2X
XX
NX
Ra
diol
a lin
oide
s ty
pe
Radi
ola
linoi
des,
Anag
allis
min
ima,
Jun
cus
pygm
aeus
, Cic
endi
a fil
ifo
rmis
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s)
Junc
us b
ufon
ius,
Gnap
haliu
m u
ligin
osum
, Iso
lepi
s set
acea
, Ele
ocha
ris
quin
quefl
ora,
Cen
taur
ium
pul
chel
lum
, Sag
ina
proc
umbe
ns, C
arex
vi
ridul
a, P
lant
ago
maj
or, P
oa a
nnua
, Cal
lierg
onel
la c
uspi
data
, Dre
pano
-cl
adus
adu
ncus
, Cer
atod
on p
urpu
reus
, Bry
um sp
ec, P
ohlia
nut
ans,
Scap
ania
irrig
ua, F
osso
mbr
onia
fove
olat
a, Ju
nger
man
nia
grac
illim
a,
Ceph
aloz
ia b
icus
pida
ta
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.1.4
/H.3
.1 or
+/
spe
cies
of H
.2/H
.2.1
or
+/
spe
cies
of S
.0/H
.1.1
Cice
ndie
tum
filif
or-
mis
, Iso
eto-
Nan
ojun
cete
a-ve
g.
2190
Dv
28A1
KNP
(KN
H)
KP
rRL
2190
H.1
.3X
XX
NX
Li
ttor
ella
uni
flora
ty
pe
Litt
orel
la u
niflo
ra, P
otam
oget
on p
olyg
onifo
lius,
Eleo
char
is m
ul
ticau
lis, D
esch
amps
ia s
etac
ea, A
pium
inun
datu
m, P
ilula
ria g
lobu
lif
era,
Sci
rpus
flui
tans
, Bal
delli
a ra
nunc
uloi
des,
Sam
olus
val
eran
di,
Pota
mog
eton
gra
min
eus,
Junc
us b
ulbo
sus,
Lyth
rum
por
tula
, Spa
rga
nium
min
imum
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s)
and
+/
Hyd
roco
tyle
vul
garis
, Ran
uncu
lus fl
amm
ula,
Car
ex v
iridu
la,
Junc
us a
rtic
ulat
us, J
uncu
s anc
eps,
Pote
ntill
a an
serin
a, E
leoc
haris
pa
lust
ris s
sp. p
alus
tris
+ u
nigl
umis
, Agr
ostis
stol
onife
ra, C
arex
nig
ra,
Phra
gmite
s aus
tral
is, D
repa
nocl
adus
spe
c., C
allie
rgon
ella
cus
pida
te
and
+/
(wet
situ
atio
n) U
tric
ular
ia s
pp. (
ofte
n U.
aus
tral
is),
Char
a sp
p. (o
ften
C. g
lobu
laris
), M
yrio
phyl
lum
spp
. (of
ten
M. s
pica
tum
), Po
tam
oget
on s
pp. (
ofte
n P.
nat
ans)
, Ran
uncu
lus p
elta
tus
ssp.
bau
dotii
, H
ippu
ris v
ulga
ris, P
olyg
onum
am
phib
ium
an
d +/
(b
asic
situ
atio
n) M
enth
a aq
uatic
a, C
arex
flac
ca, C
ampy
lium
po
lyga
mum
, and
rare
: Sco
rpid
ium
scor
pioi
des,
Drep
anoc
ladu
s sen
dt-
neri,
Sco
rpid
ium
revo
lven
s
Litt
orel
lete
a un
iflo
rae-
veg.
2190
Dv
06a
, 06
C4KN
P (K
NKn
, KN
T)
KDT
KPl
LU21
90
H.1
.4X
XX
NX
Ly
copo
diel
la
inun
data
typ
e Ly
copo
diel
la in
unda
ta, R
hync
hosp
ora
alba
, Rhy
ncho
spor
a fu
sca,
Dr
oser
a in
term
edia
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s, an
d ra
re H
amm
arby
apa
ludo
sa)
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.3.1
: Eric
a te
tral
ix, D
rose
ra ro
tund
ifolia
, Vac
ci-
nium
ulig
inos
um, E
mpe
trum
nig
rum
, Nar
thec
ium
oss
ifrag
um, D
rose
ra
rotu
ndifo
lia, O
xyco
ccus
pal
ustr
is, G
entia
na p
neum
onan
the,
Mol
inia
ca
erul
ea, H
ydro
coty
le v
ulga
ris, C
arex
nig
ra, C
arex
pan
icea
, Erio
phor
um
angu
stifo
lium
, Jun
cus b
ulbo
sus,
Salix
repe
ns, P
olyt
richu
m c
omm
une,
Di
cran
um sc
opar
ium
, Sph
agnu
m d
entic
ulat
um, D
repa
nocl
adus
exa
n-nu
latu
s an
d ot
her D
repa
nocl
adus
, Sph
agnu
m s
pec.
an
d +/
Li
verw
orts
: Gym
noco
lea
infla
ta, S
capa
nia
irrig
ua, F
osso
mbr
o-ni
a fo
veol
ata,
Jung
erm
anni
a gr
acill
ima,
Cep
halo
zia
bicu
spid
ata
Lyco
podi
ella
inun
-da
ta-v
eg.,
Spha
gno-
Rhyn
chos
pore
tum
, Ly
copo
dio-
Rhyn
cho-
spor
etum
2190
Dv
11A1
KNE
KDT
KPi
LI21
90
78
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
H.2
Dune
sla
ck f
ens
spec
ies
of H
.2: S
alix
repe
ns a
gg.,
Hyd
roco
tyle
vul
garis
, Ran
uncu
lus
flam
mul
a, A
gros
tis st
olon
ifera
, Jun
cus a
rtic
ulat
us, J
uncu
s anc
eps,
Eleo
char
is p
alus
tris
ssp
. pal
ustr
is +
uni
glum
is, P
hrag
mite
s aus
tral
is,
Pote
ntill
a an
serin
a, C
allie
rgon
ella
cus
pida
ta
Sche
uchz
erio
-Car
i-ce
tea
fusc
ae-v
eg.
2190
HS
DvKN
KDT
CN
2190
H.2
.0
Du
ne s
lack
fen
s, un
spec
ific
2190
Dv
09/a
KNS
KDT
CN
2190
H.2
.1X
XX
NX
Ca
rex
trin
ervi
s ty
pe
Care
x ni
gra,
Car
ex t
riner
vis,
Pote
ntill
a pa
lust
ris (
at le
ast
one
spec
ies
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Salix
repe
ns a
gg. (
ofte
n do
min
ant)
, Cal
amag
rost
is c
anes
cens
, Er
ioph
orum
ang
ustif
oliu
m, E
pilo
bium
pal
ustr
e, S
tella
ria p
alus
tre,
Gal
i-um
pal
ustr
e, V
iola
pal
ustr
is, M
enya
nthe
s trif
olia
ta, L
ycop
us e
urop
aeus
, Dr
epan
ocla
dus a
dunc
us, C
allie
rgon
cor
difo
lium
, Sph
agnu
m fi
mbr
iatu
m
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.2
Caric
etum
trin
ervi
-ni
grae
, Car
icio
n ni
grae
veg
.
2190
Dv
09A1
, 09
A3,
09A
a,
09a
, 09
b,
09c
, 09
e,
09f
, 09
h,
09B
b,
09/c
KNA
KDT
KMm
CN21
90
H.2
.2X
XX
NN
Sc
hoen
us
nigr
ican
s ty
pe
Scho
enus
nig
rican
s, Li
paris
loes
elii,
Par
nass
ia p
alus
tris,
Epi
pact
is pa
lust
ris, D
acty
lorh
iza
inca
rnat
a, P
ellia
end
iviif
olia
, Cam
pyliu
m p
oly
gam
um, C
. ste
llatu
m, B
ryum
pse
udot
rique
trum
, and
rar
e:
Gent
iane
lla a
mar
ella
, Car
ex p
ulic
aris,
Jun
cus
subn
odul
osus
, Tar
axa
cum
pal
ustr
e, F
issid
ens
adia
ntho
ides
, Ane
ura
ping
uis,
Prei
ssia
qu
adra
ta, M
oerc
kia
hibe
rnic
a (m
inim
um 3
spe
cies
) an
d +/
M
enth
a aq
uatic
a, E
leoc
haris
qui
nque
flora
, Car
ex fl
acca
, Lin
um
cath
artic
um, a
nd ra
re: E
quis
etum
var
iega
tum
, Ped
icul
aris
pal
ustr
is,
Junc
us a
rctic
us ss
p. b
altic
us, G
ymna
deni
a co
nops
ea, A
naga
llis t
enel
la
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.2
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.1.1
/H.1
.2
Junc
o ba
ltici
-Sc
hoen
etum
ni
gric
antis
, Jun
cus
subn
odul
osus
-veg
., Pa
rnas
sio-
Junc
etum
at
ricap
illi,
Caric
ion
dava
llian
ae v
eg.
2190
HSc
Dv,
Dvs,
Dvp
09C3
KNK
KDT
???
21
90
H.2
.3
XX
N
Ca
lam
agro
stis
epig
ejos
typ
e Ca
lam
agro
stis
epig
ejos
(do
min
ant)
, Sal
ix r
epen
s ag
g., (
and
rare
O
phio
glos
sum
vul
gatu
m),
and
+/
Care
x ni
gra,
Phr
agm
ites a
ustr
alis
, Lyc
opus
eur
opae
us, H
olcu
s la
natu
s, Ci
rsiu
m p
alus
tre,
Lat
hyru
s pra
tens
is, P
oa p
rate
nsis
, Gal
ium
pa-
lust
re, H
ydro
coty
le v
ulga
ris, A
gros
tis st
olon
ifera
, Ran
uncu
lus fl
amm
ula,
Ca
llier
gone
lla c
uspi
data
, Bra
chyt
heci
um ru
tabu
lum
Cala
mag
rost
is
epig
ejos
-veg
.21
90
Dv09
d,
09/c
KNS
KDT
2190
H.3
N
Dune
sla
ck h
eath
Oxyc
occo
-Sph
ag-
nete
a-ve
g.21
90
DvKN
EKD
T
ET21
90
H.3
.0
N
Du
ne s
lack
hea
th,
unsp
ecifi
c21
90
Dv
KNE
KDT
ET
2190
79
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
H.3
.1X
XX
NX
Er
ica
tetr
alix
ty
pe
Eric
a te
tral
ix (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Empe
trum
nig
rum
, Nar
thec
ium
oss
ifrag
um, V
acci
nium
ulig
i-no
sum
, Vac
cini
um o
xyco
ccos
, Vac
cini
um m
acro
carp
os, D
rose
ra ro
tun-
difo
lia, J
uncu
s squ
arro
sus,
Gent
iana
pne
umon
anth
e, S
cirp
us c
espi
tosu
s ss
p. g
erm
anic
us, A
ulac
omni
um p
alus
tre,
Pol
ytric
hum
com
mun
e, S
phag
-nu
m fi
mbr
iatu
m, S
. sub
nite
ns, S
. pal
ustr
e, S
. fal
lax,
S. s
quar
rosu
m, S
. m
olle
an
d +/
Sa
lix re
pens
agg
., Ca
lluna
vul
garis
, Pot
entil
la e
rect
a, V
iola
pa
lust
ris, C
arex
trin
ervi
s, Ca
rex
pani
cea,
Agr
ostis
can
ina,
Erio
phor
um
angu
stifo
lium
, Ped
icul
aris
sylv
atic
a, D
anth
onia
dec
umbe
ns, M
olin
ia
caer
ulea
, Nar
dus s
tric
ta, H
ypnu
m ju
tland
icum
/ cu
pres
sifo
rme,
Ple
uro-
zium
schr
eber
i, Di
cran
um sc
opar
ium
, Pse
udos
cler
opod
ium
pur
um
Empe
tro-
Eric
etum
, N
arth
eciu
m o
ssifr
a-gu
m-v
eg.
2190
Dv
11A3
KNE
KDT
KMt
ET21
90
H.3
.2
X
N
O
xyco
ccus
m
acro
carp
os t
ype
Oxy
cocc
us m
acro
carp
os (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.3.1
/H.2
.1
Oxyc
occu
s mac
ro-
carp
os-v
eg.
2190
Dv
11b
KNE
KDT
ET
2190
H.3
.3
X
N
M
olin
ia c
aeru
lea
type
M
olin
ia c
aeru
lea
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.3.1
/H.2
.1
Mol
inia
cae
rule
a-ve
g.21
90
Dv10
e,
11c
KNE,
KN
AKD
T
ET21
90
H.4
Dune
sla
ck
reed
bed
Phra
gmite
tea-
veg.
2190
Dv
08B3
KNR
KDT
R
2190
H.4
.0
Du
ne s
lack
re
edbe
d,
unsp
ecifi
c
2190
Dv
08d
, 08
e,
08f
, 08
g,
08h
, 08
k,
32c
, 32
f
KNR
KDT
R
2190
H.4
.1X
XX
XX
Ph
ragm
ites
aus
tral
is ty
pe
Phra
gmite
s au
stra
lis (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Iris p
seud
acor
us, T
ypha
ang
ustif
olia
, Typ
ha la
tifol
ia, S
choe
no-
plec
tus t
aber
naem
onta
ni
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.2
Scirp
o-Ph
ragm
ite-
tum
, Sch
oeno
plec
to-
Phra
gmite
tum
, Ty-
pho-
Phra
gmite
tum
2190
Dv
08B2
, 08
B3,
26b
KNR
KDT
KMr
R21
90
H.4
.2
XX
N
Ca
rex
spp.
typ
e Ca
rex
pseu
docy
peru
s, Ca
rex
ripar
ia, C
arex
acu
ta, C
arex
ova
lis, C
la
dium
mar
iscus
, Car
ex s
pp. (
at le
ast
1 sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
H.4
.1/H
.2
Mag
noca
ricio
n-ve
g.21
90
Dv08
C1,
08C2
, 08
C6,
08C
a,
08C
b,
08C
c,
08C
d,
08C
e,
08C
f
KNA
KDT
2190
H.5
X
Dune
sla
ck
will
ow s
hrub
bery
2190
Dv
36A2
KD
T
SA21
70
80
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
H.5
.0
X
Du
ne s
lack
w
illow
shr
ubbe
ry,
unsp
ecifi
c
2190
(L
S 21
70)
Dv
09/a
KBK
KDT
SA
2170
H.5
.1X
XX
XX
Sa
lix c
iner
ea t
ype
Salix
cin
erea
(do
min
ant)
, Sal
ix r
epen
s ag
g.
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.2/H
.4/H
.6
Salix
cin
erea
-Sal
ix
aren
aria
-veg
., Sa
li-ce
tum
cin
erea
e –
sa-
licet
osum
repe
ntis
2190
(N
L,DK
21
70)
Dv
36A2
KBH
KDT
KMw
SA21
70
H.5
.2X
XX
NN
NM
yric
a ga
le t
ype
Myr
ica
gale
(do
min
ant)
, Sal
ix r
epen
s ag
g.
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.2/H
.4/H
.6
Myr
icet
um g
alis
2190
(N
L,DK 21
70)
Dv
09h
, 36
Ab
KBH
KDT
2170
H.6
X
Dune
sla
ck
woo
dlan
d21
80
Dv
KD
T
BP, A
G21
80
H.6
.0
Du
ne s
lack
w
oodl
and,
un
spec
ific
2190
Dv
KB
SKD
T
BP, A
G21
80
H.6
.1X
XX
NX
Be
tula
pub
esce
ns
type
Be
tula
pub
esce
ns (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Care
x ni
gra,
Cal
amag
rost
is c
anes
cens
, Hyd
roco
tyle
vul
garis
, M
enth
a aq
uatic
a, P
hrag
mite
s aus
tral
is, E
rica
tetr
alix
, Sal
ix re
pens
agg
., Sa
lix c
iner
ea, C
allie
rgon
ella
cus
pida
ta, S
phag
num
spp
. an
d +/
Ca
lam
agro
stis
epi
gejo
s, Ca
rex
aren
aria
, Lon
icer
a pe
ricly
me-
num
, Agr
ostis
cap
illar
is, E
mpe
trum
nig
rum
, Dic
ranu
m sc
opar
ium
, Rub
us
spec
.
Betu
la p
ubes
cens
-ve
g., E
mpe
tro-
Betu
-le
tum
car
patic
ae
2180
Dv
40A2
, 40
Ac,
40
Ad
KBA,
KB
RKD
TKM
bBP
2180
H.6
.2X
XX
NX
Al
nus
glut
inos
a ty
pe
Alnu
s gl
utin
osa
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Care
x ni
gra,
Cal
amag
rost
is c
anes
cens
, Hyd
roco
tyle
vul
garis
, M
enth
a aq
uatic
a, P
hrag
mite
s aus
tral
is, E
rica
tetr
alix
, Sal
ix re
pens
agg
., Sa
lix c
iner
ea, C
allie
rgon
ella
cus
pida
ta, S
phag
num
spe
c.
and
+/
Cala
mag
rost
is e
pige
jos,
Care
x ar
enar
ia, L
onic
era
peric
lym
e-nu
m, A
gros
tis c
apill
aris
, Em
petr
um n
igru
m, R
ibes
nig
rum
, Sol
anum
dul
-ca
mar
a, D
icra
num
scop
ariu
m, R
ubus
spec
., So
lanu
m d
ulca
mar
a, G
lyce
-ria
max
ima,
Iris
, pse
udac
orus
, Thy
pha
spec
., Ca
rex
ripar
ia, P
hrag
mite
s
Alnu
s glu
tinos
a-ve
g.21
80
Dv39
A1,
39A2
, 39
Aa,
39
Ab,
39
Ad,
39
Ae,
39
Af
KBE
KDT
KMe
AG21
80
H.7
X
Ope
n du
ne s
lack
ar
eas
no v
eget
atio
n21
90
Dv
KNP
KDT
KMy
OD
2190
H.8
XX
XN
X
Aqua
tic
vege
tati
on in
du
ne s
lack
s
Hyd
rose
rie
Utric
ular
ia s
pp. (
ofte
n U.
aus
tral
is), C
hara
spp
. (of
ten
C. g
lobu
la
ris),
Myr
ioph
yllu
m s
pp. (
ofte
n M
. spi
catu
m),
Pota
mog
eton
spp
. (o
ften
P. n
atan
s), R
uppi
a sp
p., R
anun
culu
s pe
ltatu
s ss
p. b
audo
tii
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
Char
etea
frag
ilis,
Pota
mog
eton
eta,
Ut
ricul
arie
tea-
veg.
2190
Dv
04a
, 04
B2,
04B3
, 04
C1,
04C3
, 04
D1a,
04
D1b,
05
A1,
05A2
, 05
Aa,
05
E3,
05f
, 05
h
KNT
KDT
KMf
HY
2190
81
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
H.9
XX
XX
X
Rude
ral d
une
slac
k ar
eas
wit
h lit
ter
brus
hwoo
d
Epilo
bium
hirs
utum
, Cirs
ium
vul
gare
+ a
rven
se (
at le
ast
one
spe
cies
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of H
.2/H
.4
Moi
st v
eget
atio
n of
Ep
ilobi
um h
ir sut
um,
Cirs
ium
vul
gare
a.
arve
nse
2190
Dv
32B2
, 32
B3,
32A1
, 32
a,
32b
, 32
c,
32d
, 32
e,
32f
, 32
g
KNS
KDT
KMh
EH21
90
S
Sa
lt m
arsh
KH
S.0
No
vege
tati
on
Su
KN
o88
S.0.
0X
XX
XX
Ve
geta
tion
not
pr
esen
t, di
stur
bed
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
Su*
50
A,
50B,
50
C
KW
OKN
x90
S.0.
1X
XX
XX
O
pen
wat
er
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
Sww
ater
KL
A,KL
Z
KNt
55
S.0.
2X
XX
XX
Ba
re s
and
or
shel
ls in
sal
t m
arsh
sys
tem
s
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
Ssza
nd;
sche
lp
(KS)
KWO
KNo
88
S.0.
3X
XX
XX
Ba
re m
ud o
r cl
ay
in s
alt
mar
sh
syst
ems
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
Smsl
ik,
Qq0
p,
Qq0
e,
QuO
, Ss
0
(K
WK,
KW
B)KW
OKW
vVO
S.1
Pion
eer
zone
sp
ecie
s of
S.1
: Spa
rtin
a an
glic
a, S
alic
orni
a sp
ec.,
Suae
da m
ariti
ma
SP
KW
S.1.
0
Pion
eer
zone
, un
spec
ific
SP*
KW
S.1.
1X
XX
XX
XSp
artin
a an
glic
a ty
peSp
artin
a an
glic
aSp
artin
etum
angl
icae
1320
SPs
Ss5,
Ss
3,
Bs3,
Bs
5
24A1
KWG
KWG
KNs
S13
20
82
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
S.1.
2X
XX
XX
XSa
licor
nia
type
Sa
licor
nia
spp.
, Sua
eda
mar
itim
a, B
assia
hirs
uta
(at
leas
t on
e sp
eci
es d
omin
ant)
Salic
orni
etum
stric
-ta
e, S
alic
orni
etum
ra
mm
osis
sim
ae,
Salic
orni
etum
de
cum
bent
is, S
ua-
edet
um m
ariti
mae
, Th
ero-
Salic
orni
on
stric
tae-
veg.
, Su
aedo
-Bas
siet
um
hirs
utae
1310
SPq
Qqp
, Q
qe,
Qu
25A2
, 25
Aa,
26
Ac
KWQ,
KW
QW,
KWQV
, KS
F
KWQ
KQb,
KQ
d,
KQr,
KQs,
KQu
SS, S
R,
SD, U
, BH
1310
S.2
X
Low
mar
sh
spec
ies
of S
.2: P
ucci
nelli
a m
ariti
ma,
Atr
iple
x po
rtul
acoi
des,
Coch
lear
ia
angl
ica,
Ast
er tr
ipol
ium
, Spe
rgul
aria
mar
itim
a +
salin
a, T
riglo
chin
m
ariti
ma,
Lim
oniu
m v
ulga
re, P
lant
ago
mar
itim
a, P
arap
holis
strig
osa,
At
riple
x pe
dunc
olat
a
Pucc
inel
lion
mar
itim
ae-v
eg.
1330
SL
KH
U,
KHUS
, KH
UB,
KHU,
KH
W
13
30
S.2.
0
X
Lo
w m
arsh
, un
spec
ific
1330
SL*
Pw
KHUZ
KHU,
KH
W
KU13
30
S.2.
1X
XX
XX
Pu
ccin
ellia
mar
itim
a ty
pe
Pucc
inel
lia m
ariti
ma
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Sper
gula
ria s
pp.,
Salic
orni
a sp
p., P
ucci
nelli
a di
stan
s, Sp
artin
a an
glic
a, S
uaed
a m
ariti
ma,
Lim
oniu
m v
ulga
re, A
ster
trip
oliu
m
Pucc
inel
lietu
mm
ariti
mae
1330
SLp
P, P
p,
Ppq,
P
d,
Pq,
P
u,
Pps,
Ppu,
Pe
, Pt,
Pex,
Pj
, Pg
26A1
, 26
Aa
KHUP
KHU,
KH
WKN
d,KN
p,KN
v,KN
w
P, P
s13
30
S.2.
2X
XX
XX
Li
mon
ium
vu
lgar
e / P
ucci
ne
llia
mar
itim
a ty
pe
Lim
oniu
m v
ulga
re
and
+/
Plan
tago
mar
itim
a, P
ucci
nelli
a m
ariti
ma,
Spe
rgul
aria
mar
iti-
ma,
Ast
er tr
ipol
ium
(Pla
ntag
ini-
Lim
onie
tum
)13
30SL
lPp
l, Pl
26A2
KHUL
KHU,
KH
W
P13
30
S.2.
3X
XX
XX
As
ter
trip
oliu
m /
Pucc
inel
lia
mar
itim
a ty
pe
Aste
r tr
ipol
ium
(do
min
ant)
an
d +/
Pu
ccin
ellia
mar
itim
a, S
perg
ular
ia m
ariti
ma,
Lim
oniu
m v
ulga
-re
, Pla
ntag
o m
ariti
ma
Aste
r trip
oliu
m-v
eg.
1330
Sla
Ppa,
Pa
, Jf
a,
Jja,
Pp
ab,
Ba
26A
bKH
UAKH
U,
KHW
KNa
A13
30
S.2.
4X
XX
XX
At
riple
x po
rtul
acoi
des
type
Atrip
lex
port
ulac
oide
s (d
omin
ant)
an
d +/
Pu
ccin
ellia
mar
itim
a, S
perg
ular
ia m
ariti
ma,
Sal
icor
nia
spp.
, Su
aeda
mar
itim
a
Hal
imio
netu
m p
or-
tula
coid
is13
30SL
hPh
26A3
KHUH
KHU,
KH
WKN
hH
1330
S.3
X
Hig
h m
arsh
sp
ecie
s of
S.3
: Art
emis
ia m
ariti
ma,
Arm
eria
mar
itim
a, Ju
ncus
ger
ardi
i, Gl
aux
mar
itim
a, F
estu
ca ru
bra,
Ely
mus
ath
eric
us, J
uncu
s mar
itim
us,
Trifo
lium
frag
iferu
m, P
lant
ago
coro
nopu
s, Sa
gina
mar
itim
a, C
arex
ex
tens
a, C
arex
dis
tans
, Ono
nis s
pino
sa, H
orde
um se
calin
um, C
ochl
earia
da
nica
, Odo
ntite
s ver
nus s
sp se
rotin
us, E
lym
us re
pens
Arm
erio
n m
ariti
mae
-veg
.13
30SH
KHO
KHO
, KH
IKO
y
1330
S.3.
0
X
H
igh
mar
sh,
unsp
ecifi
c13
30SH
*Jw
KH
OZ
KHO
, KH
I
KO13
30
83
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
S.3.
1X
XX
XX
Li
mon
ium
vul
gare
/ J
uncu
s ge
rard
ii ty
pe
Lim
oniu
m v
ulga
re (
dom
inan
t), J
uncu
s ge
rard
i an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.3
(Pla
ntag
ini-
Lim
oni-
etum
)13
30SH
lJj
l, Jfl
26A2
, 26
Ca,
26
a
KHO
LKH
O
13
30
S.3.
2X
XX
XX
Ju
ncus
ger
ardi
i ty
pe
Junc
us g
erar
dii
Glau
x m
ariti
ma
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.3
Junc
etum
ger
ardi
i13
30SH
jJj
, Jex
26C1
, 26
Cc
KHO
JKH
O,
KHI
KOj
J13
30
S.3.
3X
XX
XX
Fe
stuc
a ru
bra
type
Fe
stuc
a ru
bra
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of S
.3
Fest
uca
rubr
a-ve
g.,
Arm
erio
-Fes
tcet
um
litto
ralis
1330
SHf
Jf26
Cb
KHO
RKH
O,
KHI
KOf
F13
30
S.3.
4
X
At
riple
x po
rtul
acoi
des
/ Ar
tem
isia
mar
itim
a ty
pe
Atrip
lex
port
ulac
oide
s (d
omin
ant)
an
d +/
Ar
tem
isia
mar
itim
a, F
estu
ca ru
bra,
Junc
us g
erar
dii,
Elym
us
athe
ricus
Hal
imio
netu
mpo
rtul
acoi
dis
1330
SHh
Jfh
26A3
KHUH
KHO
13
30
S.3.
5X
XX
XX
Ar
tem
isia
mar
itim
a /
Fest
uca
rubr
a ty
pe
Arte
misi
a m
ariti
ma
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Fest
uca
rubr
a, E
lym
us a
ther
icus
Arte
mis
ietu
m
mar
itim
ae13
30SH
zPz
, Jf
z,
Jz
26c
KHO
BKH
O,
KHI
KOt
T13
30
S.3.
6X
XX
XX
Ju
ncus
mar
itim
us
type
Ju
ncus
mar
itim
us (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Fest
uca
rubr
a, Ju
ncus
ger
ardi
i, El
ymus
ath
eric
us
Junc
us m
ariti
mus
-ve
g.13
30SH
mPm
, Jm
26e
KHBN
KHO
, KH
BKO
mM
G13
30
S.3.
7X
XX
XX
El
ymus
ath
eric
us
type
El
ymus
ath
eric
us (
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Fest
uca
rubr
a, A
trip
lex
pros
trat
a sp
ecie
s of
S.3
Agro
pyre
tum
lito
-ra
lis, A
grop
yret
um
pung
entis
, Atr
ipl-
ici-
Agro
pyre
tum
pu
ngen
tis, A
trip
lici-
Ely m
etum
ath
eric
i, El
ymet
um p
ycna
nthi
, As
tero
-Agr
opyr
etum
re
pent
is, E
lym
us
repe
ns s
sp. l
ittor
alis
-ve
g.
1330
SHy
Py,
Jy3,
Jy
5,
Ry3,
Ry
5,
By3,
By
5
26d
KHQ
AKH
QKO
1330
S.3.
8X
XX
XX
Ca
rex
exte
nsa
type
Ca
rex
exte
nsa
and
+/
Odon
tites
ver
nus
ssp
sero
tinus
, Cen
taur
ium
pul
chel
lum
, Gla
ux
mar
itim
a, Ju
ncus
mar
itim
us, A
gros
tis st
olon
ifera
, Par
apho
lis st
rigos
a an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.3
Junc
o Ca
ricet
um
exte
nsae
1330
SHe
Je26
C2KH
S,
KHBN
KHB
KOc
CE13
30
S.3.
9X
XX
XX
At
riple
x pr
ostr
ata
/ A.
litto
ralis
typ
e
Atrip
lex
pros
trat
a, A
. litt
oral
is (a
t le
ast
one
spec
ies
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Trip
leur
ospe
rmum
mar
itim
um
Atrip
lex
pros
trat
a /
litto
ralis
veg
.13
30SH
xXx
, Xk
22A1
, 29
A3KH
MKH
OKO
l,KO
pAP
, AX
1330
S.3.
10X
XX
XX
Ag
rost
is st
olon
ifera
/ Tr
ifoliu
m
frag
iferu
m t
ype
Agro
stis
stol
onife
ra
and
+/
Pote
ntill
a an
serin
a, F
estu
ca ru
bra,
Trifo
lium
frag
iferu
m, T
rifo-
lium
repe
ns, L
otus
cor
nicu
latu
s an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.3
Trifo
lio fr
agife
ri-Ag
rost
ietu
m st
o-lo
nife
rae,
Agr
ostis
st
olon
ifera
-veg
.
1330
SHg
Jg,
Rgf,
Rpf,
Rg
c,
Rgl,
Rgt
12B2
, 12
B3,
12B
m
KHB
or
KHF
KHI,
KHO
KOa
W13
30
84
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
S.3.
11
X
XX
Pl
anta
go
coro
nopu
s /
Cent
auriu
m
litto
rale
typ
e
Plan
tago
cor
onop
us
and
+/
Sagi
na m
ariti
ma,
Cen
taur
ium
litt
oral
e, S
agin
a no
dosa
, Coc
h-le
aria
dan
ica,
Fes
tuca
rubr
a, B
uple
urum
tenu
issi
mum
, Sed
um a
cre,
Br
achy
heci
um a
lbic
ans,
Leon
todo
n sa
xatil
e, B
ryum
spp.
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.3
Sagi
no-C
ochl
ea-
rietu
m
and
Cent
aurio
-Sag
i-ne
tum
trifo
lieto
sum
1330
(in
N
L 13
10)
SHc
Cc,
Ccj,
Ccs,
Crt
27Aa
1,27
Aa2
KHBT
KHS
KOs
SC13
30
S.3.
12X
XX
XX
O
noni
s sp
inos
a / C
arex
dist
ans
type
Care
x di
stan
s, O
noni
s sp
inos
a (a
t le
ast
one
spec
ies)
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.3
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
X.3
/X.5
Onon
ido-
Caric
etum
di
stan
tis13
30SH
oRo
12B4
KHBT
KHB
KOo
OC
1330
S.3.
13X
XX
XX
El
ymus
rep
ens
type
El
ymus
rep
ens
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
spec
ies
of S
.3/X
.5
Agro
pyre
tum
lito
-ra
lis, A
grop
yret
um
pung
entis
, Atr
ipl-
ici-
Agro
pyre
tum
pu
ngen
tis, A
trip
lici-
Ely m
etum
ath
eric
i, El
ymet
um p
ycna
nthi
, As
tero
-Agr
opyr
etum
re
pent
is, E
lym
us
repe
ns ss
p. li
ttor
alis
-ve
g.
1330
SHr
Re26
d,
16/c
KHQ
RKH
QKO
dDQ
1330
S.3.
14X
XX
XX
Ru
dera
l sal
t m
arsh
are
as
Cirs
ium
arv
ense
, Urt
ica
dioi
ca, S
onch
us s
pec.
(at
leas
t on
e sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.0
1330
SHu
Rru,
Rr
c
KHQ
S
KOh,
KOr
RU,
CA13
30
S.5
Brac
kish
mar
sh
spec
ies
of S
.5: B
olbo
scho
enus
mar
itim
us, P
hrag
mite
s aus
tral
is, S
choe
-no
plec
tus t
aber
naem
onta
ni, B
lysm
us ru
fus,
Agro
stis
stol
onife
ra, E
leo-
char
is u
nigl
umis
, Trig
loch
in p
alus
tris
, Cot
ula
coro
nopi
folia
, Pot
entil
la
anse
rina,
Junc
us m
ariti
mus
, Oen
anth
e la
chen
alii,
Trifo
lium
frag
iferu
m,
Fest
uca
arun
dina
cea,
Alo
pecu
rus g
enic
ulat
us, J
uncu
s am
bigu
us, C
he-
nopo
dium
rubr
um a
nd C
. gla
ucum
, Api
um g
rave
olen
s
1330
SB
KR
KB
13
30
S.5.
0
Br
acki
sh m
arsh
, un
spec
ific
1330
SB*
Bh
KRZ
KB
13
30
S.5.
1X
XX
XX
Bo
lbos
choe
nus
/ Sc
hoen
ople
ctus
ty
pe
Bolb
osch
oenu
s m
ariti
mus
and
/ or
Sch
oeno
plec
tus
tabe
rnae
mon
ta
ni (
at le
ast
one
spec
ies
dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Phra
gmite
s aus
tral
is (A
ster
trip
oliu
m)
and
+/
spec
ies
of S
.5
Bolb
osch
oene
tum
m
ariti
mae
1330
(LS
part
ly)
SBb
Bis,
Bi3,
Bi
5
12B
d,
26b
, 08
B2
KRS,
KWRT
,KW
RS
KBS
KRb
B13
30
S.5.
2X
XX
XX
Ph
ragm
ites
aust
ralis
typ
e Ph
ragm
ites
aust
ralis
(dom
inan
t)
and
+/
Atrip
lex
pros
trat
a
and
+/
spec
ies
of S
.5
Phra
gmite
s aus
tra-
lis-v
eg. (
brac
kish
m
arsh
)
1330
(LS
part
ly)
SBp
Bb, B
c08
f,
26a
KRP,
KWRP
KBP
KRs
RH13
30
85
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Overview of the complete TMAP Typology
TMAP
Co
deSt
an
dard
TM
AP
Appl
ied
in c
ount
ry/
fede
ral s
tate
TMAP
Ty
pe
Typi
cal /
cha
ract
eris
tic
spe
cies
veg
etat
ion
Nat
ura
2000
Co
de
Map
pi
ng
Code
N
L
RWS
SALT
Co
de
NL
Staa
ts
bosb
. Co
de
NL
Bio
tope
Co
de
LS
Bio
tope
Co
de
HH
Bio
tope
Co
de
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
SH
Map
pi
ng
Code
DK
N LL S
H HS H
D K
S.5.
3X
XX
XX
Br
acki
sh fl
oode
d gr
assl
and
type
Ag
rost
is st
olon
ifera
, Pot
entil
la a
nser
ina,
Bly
smus
ruf
us, C
otul
a co
rono
pifo
lia, E
leoc
haris
uni
glum
is, T
riglo
chin
pal
ustr
e an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.5
Blys
met
um ru
fi,
Eleo
char
is u
nigl
u-m
is-v
eg.,
Cotu
la
coro
nopi
folia
-veg
., Al
opec
urus
bul
bo-
sus-
veg.
1330
SBg
P—b,
Pp
b,
Peb
, Bc
s, Bg
, Bt,
Bj, B
r, Bg
t, Bg
n,
Bpj,
Bpg,
Bp
, Bo
26C3
KHBN
, KH
FKH
BKR
c,KR
e,KR
r
BR,
EU, C
1330
S.5.
4
X
Ju
ncus
m
ariti
mus
/ O
enan
the
lach
enal
ii ty
pe
Junc
us m
ariti
mus
, Oen
anth
e la
chen
alii
an
d +/
Po
tent
illa
anse
rina
spec
ies
of S
.5
1330
SBm
Bm26
eKH
BNKH
B
13
30
S.6
Fres
h gr
assl
ands
S.
6: L
oliu
m p
eren
ne, P
oa a
nnua
, Cyn
osur
us c
rista
tus,
Belli
s per
enni
s, Ta
raxa
cum
spe
c., P
lant
ago
maj
or, P
oa tr
ivia
lis, E
lym
us re
pens
, Cap
sella
bu
rsa-
past
oris
, Pol
ygon
um a
vicu
lare
, Cirs
ium
arv
ense
, Rum
ex o
btus
i-fo
lius
Mol
inio
-Arr
hena
the-
rete
a-ve
g.
SFDd
/Dv
16q
, 16
Ba,
16
Be,
16
B3
G type
sG
KOh,
KOr
13
30
S.6.
0X
XX
XX
Fr
esh
gras
slan
ds,
unsp
ecifi
c
SF*
12
Bm
G type
sG
CA
, SP
S.6.
1X
XX
XX
Lo
lium
per
enne
, Cy
nosu
rus
crist
atus
and
ot
her
fres
h sp
ecie
s ty
pe
Loliu
m p
eren
ne, C
ynos
urus
cris
tatu
s an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.6
Lolio
-Cyn
osu r
etum
, Pl
anta
gini
-Lol
ietu
m
pere
nnis
, Pol
ygon
ion
veg.
as s
ur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
SFl
Dd,
Dv,
Rgv,
Rp
, Rg
h
16C4
GM, G
lGM
KGf,
KGg,
KGy
AR,
MO
, Y
S.7
XX
X
Inte
rtid
al
brac
kish
ree
d be
ds
Bolb
osch
oenu
s m
ariti
mus
, Phr
agm
ites
aust
ralis
, Sch
oeno
plec
tus
tabe
rnae
mon
tani
, Sch
oeno
plec
tus
triq
uete
r, Ty
pha
angu
stifo
lia,
Typh
a la
tifol
ia (
at le
ast
1 sp
ecie
s do
min
ant)
an
d +/
sp
ecie
s of
S.5
Scirp
o-Ph
ragm
ite-
tum
, Bol
bosc
hoen
e-tu
m m
ariti
mae
, Sc
hoen
ople
ctus
-ve
g., T
ypha
-veg
.
1130
KW
R
1130
S.8
XX
X
Lago
ons
wit
h or
w
itho
ut
subm
erge
d ve
geta
tion
Rupp
ia m
ariti
ma,
Zan
nich
ellia
pal
ustr
is, B
olbo
scho
enus
mar
itim
us,
Phra
gmite
s au
stra
lis
1150
, 13
30
(as
sur
roun
din
g N
atur
a 20
00
type
)
w
ater
or
ve
ge
tati
on
type
s W
rc,
Wrm
, W
pp
or b
are
soil
type
s
KL
M,
KLS
KS
eLS
, LD
1330
72
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
7 References
Bakker, J.P., J. Bunje, K.S. Dijkema, J. Frikke, B. Kers, P. Körber, J. Kohlus, & M. Stock. 2005. Salt marshes. In: K. Essink, C. Dettmann, H. Farke, K. Laursen, G. Lüerßen, H. Marencic & W. Wiersinga (eds). Wadden Sea Quality Sta-tus Report 2004, Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 19, Trilater-al Monitoring and Assessment Group, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat. Wilhelmshaven. p. 163-179.
BFN (2000, Hrsg.): Verzeichnis und Rote Liste der Pflanz-engesellschaften Deutsch lands (Bearb. E. Rennwald). - Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde: 35, 800 S., Bonn – Bad Godesberg.
Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, 2010. Wadden Sea Plan 2010. Eleventh Trilateral Governmental Conference on the Protection of the Wadden Sea. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Dierssen, K. (1988): Rote Liste der Pflanzengesellschaf-ten Schleswig-Holsteins. - Schriftenreihe Landesamt für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Schleswig-Holstein 6: 157 S., Kiel.
Dijkema, K. & Wolff, W. (1983): Flora and vegetation of the Wadden Sea islands and coastal areas. Report 9 of the Wadden Sea Working Group: 413 S. + maps, Rot-terdam.
Drachenfels, O. v. (2011): Kartierschlüssel für Biotoptypen in Niedersachsen. - Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen A/4, Hildesheim.
Drachenfels, O. v. (2012): Hinweise zur Definition und Kartierung der Lebensraumtypen von Anh. I der FFH-Richtlinie in Niedersachsen auf der Grundlage des Inter-pretation Manuals der Europäischen Kommission (Ver-sion EUR 27 vom April 2007) + Anhang: Hinweise und Tabellen zur Bewertung des Erhaltungszustands der FFH-Lebensraumtypen in Niedersachsen. - Hannover.
Esselink, P., Petersen, J., Arens, S., Bakker, J.P., Bunje, J., Dijkema, K.S., Hecker, N., Hellwig, U., Jensen, A.V., Kers, A.S., Körber, P., Lammerts, E.J., Stock, M., Veeneklaas, Vreeken M. & Wolters, M. (2009): Salt Marshes. Thematic Report No. 8. In: Marencic, H. & VLAS, J. de (Eds), 2009. Quality Status Report 2009. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitor-ing and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
European Commission, DG Environment EUR 27 (2007): Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats. – 144 S., Brüssel.
Garve, E. (2004): Rote Liste und Florenliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen in Nieder sachsen und Bremen. 5. Fassung, Stand 1.3.2004 – Informationsdienst Natur schutz Nied-ersachsen 24 (1/2004): 1-76 u. Anlage: 1-8. Hildesheim.
Hauck, M. & U. de Bruyn (2010): Rote Liste und Gesa-mtartenliste der Flechten in Niedersachsen und Bremen. - Informationsd. Naturschutz Niedersachsen 1/2010: 83 S., Hannover.
Jong, D.J. de, K.S. Dijkema, J.H. Bossinade, & J.A.M. Jansen. 1998. SALT97. Een classificatie-programma voor kweldervegetaties. Rijkswaterstaat, Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee / RIKZ, Middelburg.
Koperski, M. (2011): Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Moose in Niedersach-sen und Bremen. - Informationsd. Naturschutz Niedersachsen 3/2011: 208 S., Hannover.
Lammerts, E.J., Petersen, J. & Hochkirch, A. (2009): Beaches and Dunes. Thematic Report No. 15. In: MAREN-CIC, H. & VLAS, J. de (Eds), 2009. Quality Status Report 2009. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Petersen, J. (2000): Die Dünentalvegetation der Watten-meer-Inseln in der südlichen Nordsee. Eine pflanzensozi-ologische und ökologische Vergleichsuntersuchung unter Berücksichtigung von Nutzung und Naturschutz. - 336 S., Husum.
Petersen, J. (2011): Orchideengrünland der Ostfriesischen Inseln. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchideen Niedersachsen e. V., 30 Jahre AHO-Niedersachsen, 95-111, Hannover.
Petersen, J. & Lammerts, E.J. (2005): Dunes. Chapter 9.2, Wadden Sea Quality Status Report. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven. 249-266.
Petersen, J. & Pott, R. (2005): Ostfriesische Inseln. Land-schaft und Vegetation im Wandel. - 160 S. u. Kartenband (12 Vegetationskarten auf DIN A1), Hrsg: Nds. Heimat-bund, Hannover.
Pott, R. (1995): Die Pflanzengesellschaften Deutschlands. - 622 S., Stuttgart.
Preising, E., Vahle, H.-C., Brandes, D., Hofmeister, H., Tüxen, J. & Weber, H. (1990): Die Pflanzengesellschaf-ten Niedersachsens - Bestands-entwicklung, Gefährdung und Schutzprobleme - Wasser- und Sumpfpflanzenge-sellschaften des Süßwassers. - Naturschutz u. Land-schaftspfl. Niedersachsen 20 (8): 161 S., Hannover.
Ringot, J.-L. (1992): Luftbildinterpretation, Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Biotop- und Nutzung-stypenkartierung der ostfriesischen Inseln und des Fest-landsküstenvorlandes. Unveröff. Bericht im Auftrag der NLPV Wilhelmshaven.
Schaminée, J., Weeda, E. & Westhoff, V. (1995): De veg-etatie van Nederland 2. Plantengemeenschappen van wateren, moerassen en natte heiden - :358 S., Uppsala, Leiden.
Schaminée, J., Stortelder, A. & Weeda, E. (1996): De Veg-etatie van Nederland 3. Plantengemeenschappen van graslanden, zomen en droge heiden. - :356 S., Uppsala, Leiden.
Schaminée, J., Weeda, E. & Westhoff, V. (1998): De Veg-etatie van Nederland 4. Plantengemeenschappen van de kust en binnenlandse pionier-milieus. - :346 S., Uppsala, Leiden.
Schipper, P.C., (2002): Catalogus vegetatietypen. In: Staatsbosbeheer: Catalogi bedrijfssturing: natuur, bos, recreatie en landschap. Staatsbosbeheer, afdeling terre-inbeheer, Driebergen.
Stock, M., S. Gettner, H. Hagge, K. Heinzel, J. Kohlus & H. Stumpe. 2005. Salzwiesen an der Westküste von Schleswig-Holstein 1988 - 2001. Schriftenreihe des Na-tionalparks Schlleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer Vol. 15: 1-239.
Westhoff, V. & Held, A. den (1969): Plantengemeen-schappen in Nederlanden - 324 S., Zutphen.
86
73
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
Issues of the Publication Series „Wadden Sea Ecosystem“
No. 1: Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea 1991. 1994.No. 2: Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea1992/93. 1994.No. 3: Guidelines for Monitoring of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea (in Dutch, German, Danish). 1995.No. 4: Breeding Birds on Census Arteas 1990 until 1994. Status of Shorelark, Twite and Snow Bunting
in the Wadden Sea. 1997.No. 5: Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1993/94. 1996.No. 6: Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program. TMAP Expert Workshops 1995/96. 1996.No. 7: Assessment of the Wadden Sea Ecosystem. 1997.No. 8: Monitoring Breeding Success of Coastal Birds. Monitoring Pollutants in Coastal Bird Eggs in the
Wadden Sea. 1998.No. 9: Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 1999. 1999.No. 10: Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in 1996. 2000.No. 11: Contaminants in Bird Eggs in the Wadden Sea. Spatial and Temporal Trends 1999 - 2000. 2001. No. 12: Lancewad. Landscape and Cultural Heritage in the Wadden Sea Region. 2001.No. 13: Final Report of the Trilateral Working Group on Coastal Protection and Sea Level Rise. 2001.No. 14: Wadden Sea Specific Eutrophication Criteria. 2001.No. 15: Common and Grey Seals in the Wadden Sea. TSEG-plus Report March/June 2001.2002.No. 16: High Tide Roosts in the Wadden Sea. A Review of Bird Distribution, Protection Regimes and
Potential Sources of Anthropogenic Discturbance. 2003.No. 17: Management of North Sea Harbour and Grey Seal Populations. Proceedings of the International
Symposium at EcoMare, Texel, The Netherlands November 29 - 30, 2002. 2003.No. 18: Contaminants in Bird Eggs in the Wadden Sea. Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends. Seabirds at
Risk? Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Reproductive Success and Mass Growth of Seabirds at the Wadden Sea in the Mid 1990s. 2004.
No. 19: Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 2004. 2005.No. 20: Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980 - 2000. 2005.No. 21: Coastal Protection and Sea Level Rise - Solutions for Sustainable Coastal Protection. 2005 No. 22: Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea in 2001. 2006.No. 23: Seriously Declining Trends in Migratory Waterbirds: Causes-Concerns-Consequences. Proceedings
of the International Workshop on 31 August 2005 in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. 2007.No. 24: Nomination of the Dutch-German Wadden Sea as World Heritage Site. 2008.No. 25: Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 2009. 2009.No. 26: Science for Nature Conservation and Managment: The Wadden Sea Ecosystem and EU Direc-
tives. Proceedings of the 12th International Scientific Wadden Sea Symposium in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 30 March - 3 April 2009. 2010.
No. 27: Exploring contrasting trends of migratory waterbirds in the international Wadden Sea. 2010.No. 28: CPSL Third Report. The role of spatial planning and sediment in coastal risk management. 2010.No. 29: The Wadden Sea - A Universally Outstanding Tidal Wetland. The Wadden Sea Quality Status
Report. Synthesis Report 2010.No. 30: Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1987-2008. 2010.No. 31: Trends of Migratory and Wintering Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1987/1988-2010/2011. 2013.No. 32: TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area. 2014.
74
TMAP-Typology of Coastal Vegetation in the Wadden Sea Area
The Trilateral Monitoring andAssessment Program (TMAP)
ISSN 0946-896X
Recommended