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TITLE PAGE
Foreword i
Table of Contents ii
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv
Assumptions and Procedures Used in Updating the Cost of Production of
Palay and Cornvii
Summary of Findings: 1
A. Palay 1
All Palay 1
Irrigated Palay 2
Non-Irrigated Palay 3
B. Corn 5
All Corn 5
White Corn 5
Yellow Corn 6
Summary Tables: 9
All Palay 10
Irrigated Palay 11
Non-Irrigated Palay 12
Statistical Tables - Palay 19
Summary Tables 72
All Corn 73
White Corn 73
Yellow Corn 74
Statistical Tables - Corn 78
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
1All Palay: Total Costs per Hectare, by Season, by Region,
201514
2All Palay: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Season, by Region,
201514
3 All Palay: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Season, by Region, 2015 15
4Irrigated Palay: Total Costs per Hectare, by Season, by
Region, 201515
5Irrigated Palay: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Season, by
Region, 201516
6Irrigated Palay: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Season, by Region,
201516
7Non-Irrigated Palay: Total Costs per Hectare, by Season, by
Region, 201517
8Non-Irrigated Palay: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Season,
by Region, 201517
9Non-Irrigated Palay: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Season, by
Region, 201518
10Corn: Total Costs per Hectare, by Crop Type, by Region,
201576
11Corn: Gross Returns per Hectare, by Crop Type, by Region,
201576
12 Corn: Net Profit-Cost Ratio, by Crop Type, by Region, 2015 77
LIST OF FIGURES
iv
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
1.1All Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines,
201510
1.2Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, By Region,
Philippines, 201511
1.3Non-Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, By Region,
Philippines, 201512
1A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Philippines, 2013-2015 20
1B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Philippines, 2013-2015 21
1C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Philippines, 2013-2015 22
2A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CAR, 2013-2015 23
2B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CAR, 2013-2015 24
2C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CAR, 2013-2015 25
3A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015 26
3B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015 27
3C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015 28
4A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015 29
4B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015 30
4C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015 31
5A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Luzon, 2013-2015 32
5B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Luzon, 2013-2015 33
5C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Luzon, 2013-2015 34
6A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CALABARZON, 2013-2015 35
6B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CALABARZON, 2013-2015 36
6C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, CALABARZON, 2013-2015 37
7A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015 38
7B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015 39
7C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015 40
8A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Bicol Region, 2013-2015 41
8B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Bicol Region, 2013-2015 42
8C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Bicol Region, 2013-2015 43
LIST OF TABLES
v
List of Tables (continued)
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
9A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Western Visayas, 2013-2015 44
9B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Western Visayas, 2013-2015 45
9C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Western Visayas, 2013-2015 46
10A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Visayas, 2013-2015 47
10B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Visayas, 2013-2015 48
10C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Central Visayas, 2013-2015 49
11A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015 50
11B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015 51
11C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015 52
12A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015 53
12BIrrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Zamboanga Peninsula,
2013-201554
12CNon-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Zamboanga Peninsula,
2013-201555
13A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015 56
13B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015 57
13CNon-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Northern Mindanao,
2013-201558
14A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Davao Region, 2013-2015 59
14B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Davao Region, 2013-2015 60
14C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Davao Region, 2013-2015 61
15A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015 62
15B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015 63
15CNon-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, SOCCSKSARGEN,
2013-201564
16A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Caraga, 2013-2015 65
16B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Caraga, 2013-2015 66
16C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, Caraga, 2013-2015 67
17A All Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, ARMM, 2013-2015 68
17B Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, ARMM, 2013-2015 69
17C Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Costs of Production, By Season, ARMM, 2013-2015 70
vi
List of Tables (continued)
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
18.1 All Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Region, Philippines, 2015 73
18.2 White Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Region, Philippines, 2015 74
18.3 Yellow Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production, By Region, Philippines, 2015 75
18A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 79
18B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 80
18C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 81
19 Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, CAR, 2013 - 2015 82
20 Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Ilocos Region, 2013 - 2015 83
21A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013 - 2015 84
21B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013 - 2015 85
21C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013 - 2015 86
22 Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Luzon, 2013 - 2015 87
23 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, CALABARZON, 2013 - 2015 88
24A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013 - 2015 89
24B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013 - 2015 90
24C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013 - 2015 91
25A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013 - 2015 92
25B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013 - 2015 93
25C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013 - 2015 94
26A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013 - 2015 95
26B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013 - 2015 96
26C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013 - 2015 97
27 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Visayas, 2013 - 2015 98
28 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Eastern Visayas, 2013 - 2015 99
29A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013 - 2015 100
29B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013 - 2015 101
29C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013 - 2015 102
30A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013 - 2015 103
30B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013 - 2015 104
30C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013 - 2015 105
31 White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Davao Region, 2013 - 2015 106
32A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013 - 2015 107
32B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013 - 2015 108
32C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013 - 2015 109
33A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013 - 2015 110
33B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013 - 2015 111
33C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013 - 2015 112
34A All Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013 - 2015 113
34B White Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013 - 2015 114
34C Yellow Corn: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013 - 2015 115
vii
ITEM BASIS/PROCEDURE
1. Cost of seeds/planting materials
(Cash, Non-cash and Imputed)
2. Irrigation fee
3. Lease rental movement of the farmgate price
4. Rental value of owned land
5. Landlord's share
6. Harvester/thresher/sheller's share - movement of the gross value of production per hectare
7. Cost of fertilizer -quantity used from the survey results multiplied by the
current retail price of fertilizer by grade
8. Cost of pesticides
Solid - movement of the retail price for selected pesticides
Liquid -quantity used from the survey results multiplied by the
current retail price of pesticides
9. Soil ameliorants - movement of the retail price of fertilizer
10. Cost of mulching materials - movement of the retail price of fertilizer
11. Labor costs (hired, unpaid operator, family and
exchange labor-
number of mandays from the survey results multiplied by
the current agricultural wage rates
12. Rentals:
Land - movement of the farmgate price
Tools, equipment, machine and animals - movement of agricultural wage rates
13. Food cost - movement of CPI for food
14. Transport cost - movement of CPI for transport
15. Fuel and oil - movement of CPI for fuel and oil
16. Repair cost - movement of CPI for minor repairs
17. Electricity cost - movement of CPI for light
18. Interest on crop loans - increase of 10.0 percent per annum
19. Other production costs - movement of CPI for all items
20. Depreciation cost - increase of 10.0 percent per annum
21. Interest on operating capital - based on Average Lending Rates from BSP
22. Land tax - increase of 1.0 percent per annum
ASSUMPTIONS AND PROCEDURES USED IN UPDATING
THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION OF PALAY AND CORN
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
A. PALAY
ALL PALAY
Palay farmer in the country spent an average production cost of P47,470 per hectare in 2015. Cost of palay production during the wet season cropping was higher at P47,885 per hectare and lower during dry season cropping at P46,928 per hectare during the reference year.
Gross earnings from palay farming averaged P67,552 per hectare. Farmers grossed higher during the dry season cropping at P70,307 per hectare than during the wet season cropping at P65,322 per hectare.
On the average, net returns amounted to P20,082 per hectare. Palay produced during dry season cropping netted higher at P23,379 per hectare than during the wet season cropping at P17,437 per hectare in 2015.
For every peso of investment in palay production in the country, farmers earned an average of P0.42 during the period. It was higher during dry season at P0.50 and lower during wet season at P0.36.
Per kilogram, the average cost of palay production in 2015 was P12.18 while the price received by farmers was P17.33. Production cost was higher during wet season at P12.64 per kilogram than during dry season at P11.63 per kilogram. Farmgate prices ranged from P17.24 during wet season to P17.42 during dry season.
Among regions, cost of palay production was highest in Ilocos Region at P58,935 per hectare in 2015. By season, palay farmers in Ilocos Region spent the highest cost per hectare during the dry cropping at P63,904 and Cagayan Valley during the wet cropping at P57,772.
ARMM palay farmers recorded the lowest production cost at an average of P29,081 per hectare. Likewise, ARMM had the least cost during the dry season at P29,471 per hectare and during the wet season at P29,175 per hectare.
Higher gross earnings were noted in Central Luzon averaged at P87,659 per hectare. Across seasons, Central Luzon palay producers grossed the highest during the dry season cropping at P108,936 per hectare and Northern Mindanao during the wet season cropping at P89,120 per hectare. For both seasons, ARMM had the lowest gross receipts at P36,882 per hectare during the dry season and P46,465 per hectare during the wet season.
In terms of net earnings, Northern Mindanao was leading at P35,872 per hectare and CALABARZON was the least at P7,528 per hectare. During the dry season cropping, Central Luzon netted the highest at P49,526 per hectare
2
and Central Visayas, the lowest at P5,648 per hectare. For the wet season cropping, Northern Mindanao generated the highest net returns at P42,797 per hectare and CALABARZON had the least at P7,003 per hectare.
For every peso invested in palay farming, farmers in Northern Mindanao earned the highest at an average of P0.71. CALABARZON palay farmers earned the least at an average of P0.16. During the dry season cropping, Central Luzon registered the highest net profit-cost ratio at 0.83 and Central Visayas, the least at P0.12. In the wet season cropping, the net profit-cost ratios ranged from 0.16 in Cagayan Valley to 0.92 in Northern Mindanao.
On a per kilogram basis, the average production cost was highest in Central Visayas at P14.42. It was likewise highest in Central Visayas during the dry season at P16.30. CAR incurred the highest cost during the wet season at P15.56.
The lowest production cost per kilogram was noted in Bicol Region at an average of P9.65. This was also true during the wet season cropping when the region recorded a P9.89 cost per kilogram. For the dry season cropping, Eastern Visayas posted the lowest cost at P9.42 per kilogram.
Price received by farmers was highest in Northern Mindanao at P19.44. It ranged from P19.43 during dry season to P19.45 during the wet season.
IRRIGATED PALAY
Palay production in irrigated farms incurred an average cost of P51,151 per hectare in 2015. The cost was higher during wet season at P51,501 per hectare compared to dry season at P51,489 per hectare.
Gross earnings from palay production averaged P74,710 per hectare. During the dry season, farmers grossed higher at P78,634 per hectare and lower during wet season at P71,167 per hectare.
Net returns, on the average, amounted to P23,559 per hectare in 2015. Palay farmers had higher net returns during dry season at P27,145 and lower during wet season at P19,666 per hectare.
Net profit-cost ratio in palay production averaged P0.46. It ranged from 0.38 during the wet season to 0.53 during the dry season.
Per kilogram, production cost averaged P11.87. It was higher during wet season at P12.48 than during the dry season at P11.41.
By region, palay production in irrigated farms registered the highest cost in Ilocos Region at P62,572 per hectare. This held true for both seasons at P63,911 per hectare during the dry season and P61,197 per hectare during the wet season.
3
ARMM incurred the lowest production cost at P32,821 per hectare. It ranged from P32,243 per hectare during the dry season to P34,374 per hectare during the wet season.
Gross returns topped in Central Luzon at an average of P91,185 per hectare. It was highest during the dry season at P109,123 per hectare. However, irrigated palay farmers in Northern Mindanao grossed highest during the wet season cropping at P93,905 per hectare.
ARMM generated the lowest gross earnings averaged at P53,983 per hectare. Similar trend was observed across seasons with gross receipts at P53,791 per hectare during the dry season and P54,123 per hectare during the wet season.
Net returns, on the average, were highest in Northern Mindanao at P36,507 per hectare while lowest in CALABARZON at P10,409 per hectare. For the dry season cropping, Central Luzon netted the highest at P49,009 per hectare and Central Visayas, the lowest at P5,727 per hectare. In the wet season cropping, irrigated palay farmers in Northern Mindanao generated the highest net earnings at P41,442 per hectare and CALABARZON had the least at P9,844 per hectare.
In terms of net profit-cost ratio, Northern Mindanao posted the highest at an average of 0.69. This was also true during the wet season cropping when the region recorded 0.79. For the dry season cropping, Central Luzon earned the highest at P0.82 per peso of investment in irrigated farms.
CALABARZON posted the lowest net profit-cost ratio at an average of 0.22. The ratios ranged from 0.21 during the dry season to 0.22 during the wet season.
The average production cost per kilogram was highest in Central Visayas at P14.55. By season, palay production was costliest in Central Visayas during the dry season at P16.48 and in Caraga during the wet season at P13.86.
On the average, the lowest cost per kilogram was reported in Bicol Region at P9.50. The costs incurred were low during the dry season at P9.32 and during the wet season at P9.50.
NON-IRRIGATED PALAY
The average cost of producing palay in non-irrigated farms amounted to P39,378 per hectare in 2015. Production cost was higher during wet season at P41,711 per hectare and lower during dry season at P36,164 per hectare.
Gross earnings averaged P51,297 per hectare. By season, gross receipts from non-irrigated palay farms were higher during wet season at P54,2013 per hectare than during dry season at P46,146 per hectare.
4
Net returns from non-irrigated farms averaged P11,919 per hectare in 2015. Net earnings were higher during wet season at P12,492 per hectare compared to dry season at P9,982 per hectare.
Net profit-cost ratio,on the average, stood at 0.30. This was likewise 0.30 during the wet season cropping. For dry season, the ratio settled at 0.28 in 2015.
Production cost per kilogram averaged P13.30. It was recorded high during dry season cropping at P13.65 and low during the wet season cropping at P13.27.
Farmgate price, on the average, was quoted at P17.33 per kilogram. This was P17.42 during the dry season and P17.24 during the wet season.
Among regions, Central Luzon incurred the highest production cost from non-irrigated palay farms averaged at P55,465 per hectare. Meanwhile, the least cost was noted in ARMM at P27,116 per hectare.
Production costs were higher in Cagayan Valley during the dry season at P47,463 per hectare and in Central Luzon during the wet season at P56,777 per hectare. In contrast, the least cost was reported in ARMM averaged at P27,116 per hectare. Northern Mindanao recorded the lowest cost during the wet season at P25,973 per hectare. In the dry season cropping, the production cost was low in CALABARZON at P25,867 per hectare.
On the average, gross earnings from non-irrigated palay farms were highest in Northern Mindanao at P64,405 per hectare and lowest in ARMM at P37,765 per hectare. Higher gross returns during the dry season cropping were noted in Central Luzon at P75,953 per hectare. ARMM grossed the least at P30,900 per hectare. Ilocos Region grossed high during the wet season at P68,460 per hectare while Cagayan Valley earned the least at P34,287 per hectare.
In terms of net returns, Northern Mindanao was on top at an average of P35,366 per hectare. The region’s net profit was high during the wet season cropping at P38,854 per hectare. For the dry season cropping, Central Luzon netted the highest at P31,725 per hectare.
Cagayan Valley reported net loss during the dry and wet season cropping.
The net profit-cost ratio was leading in Northern Mindanao at an average of 1.22 in 2015. It was high for both seasons at 0.53 during dry season and 1.50 during the wet season. Cagayan Valley posted the lowest net profit-cost ratio for all seasons in 2015.
Per kilogram, production cost was highest in Central Luzon at P17.43 while lowest in Northern Mindanao at P8.77. During the dry season, Cagayan
5
Valley posted the highest cost at P16.88 per kilogram and CAR incurred the lowest cost at P9.88 per kilogram.
The highest farmgate price was reported in Northern Mindanao at P19.44 per kilogram. Prices ranged from P19.43 per kilogram during the dry season to P19.45 per kilogram during the wet season. Bicol Region posted the lowest prices across all seasons.
B. CORN
ALL CORN
On the average, the cost of producing corn in the country amounted to P22,023 per hectare in 2015. Gross receipts averaged P36,101 per hectare. After accounting for all costs, corn farmers in the country netted P14,078 per hectare. Net profit-cost ratio stood at 0.64 in 2015. Per kilogram, the cost reached P7.50 while price received by corn farmers was P12.30 during the same period.
Across regions, the average production cost per hectare was biggest in Cagayan Valley at P44,894 followed by Western Visayas at P25,401 in 2015. The least cost was recorded in Zamboanga Peninsula at P12,850 per hectare.
Cagayan Valley topped in terms of gross receipts at P50,283 per hectare. This was followed closely by MIMAROPA at P49,815 per hectare. The lowest was generated in Zamboanga Peninsula at P21,163 per hectare.
In 2015, MIMAROPA had the biggest net earnings in corn production at P33,054 per hectare. Northern Mindanao came next at P20,989 per hectare. Cagayan Valley recorded the lowest net returns at P5,389 per hectare.
Corn producers in MIMAROPA, Bicol Region and Northern Mindanao had higher net profit-cost ratio at 1.97, 1.53 and 1.18, respectively. The lowest was noted for Cagayan Valley at 0.12.
Per kilogram, production costs were highest in Cagayan Valley at P10.62 and in Western Visayas at P8.71. The least cost was noted in MIMAROPA at P4.19.
Price received by farmers was quoted highest in Bicol Region at P14.28 and lowest in Caraga at P11.69 per kilogram.
WHITE CORN
White corn production in the country incurred an average cost of P14,504 per hectare in 2015. Gross earnings amounted to P22,049 per hectare. Returns after deducting all costs amounted to P7,545 per hectare during the year. Per peso of investment, white corn producers earned P0.52. Cost per kilogram in
6
white corn production stood at P8.60 while farmgate price was quoted at P13.07 per kilogram.
The costs incurred in white corn production were biggest in Cagayan Valley at P26,111 per hectare and in MIMAROPA at P21,705 per hectare. The lowest cost was noted in CALABARZON at P6,602 per hectare.
Western Visayas grossed the highest in white corn production at an average of P29,134 per hectare. MIMAROPA came next at P29,002 per hectare. Central Visayas recorded the lowest gross earnings at P12,139 per hectare in 2015.
In terms of net returns, Western Visayas reported the highest at P16,904 per hectare. Central Visayas had a net loss of P639 per hectare in white corn production during the year.
For every peso of investment, white corn producers in CALABARZON earned the highest at P2.19 in 2015. Western Visayas followed at P1.38. In contrast, Central Visayas lost P0.05 per peso invested in white corn production during the same period.
The costs of producing a kilogram of white corn were notably higher in Central Visayas and Davao Region at P16.05 and P11.85, respectively, in 2015. The lowest was noted in CALABARZON at P4.15.
White corn sold at farmgate level was higher in Bicol Region, Western Visayas and Central Visayas at more than P15.00 per kilogram each. The lowest farmgate price was registered in Cagayan Valley at P11.28 per kilogram.
YELLOW CORN
The production cost incurred by yellow corn farms averaged P36,275 per hectare in 2015. Gross receipts amounted to P49,794 per hectare. Yellow corn producers netted an average of P13,519 per hectare. Net profit-cost ratio generated was 0.37. The cost per kilogram was P8.73 and the farmgate price was P11.99 in 2015.
Among regions, Central Luzon and Ilocos Region reported higher cost from yellow corn farming at more than P50,000 each per hectare in 2015. The least cost incurred was registered in MIMAROPA at P15,447 per hectare during the year.
In terms of gross receipts, yellow corn producers in Ilocos Region was on top at P78,972 per hectare followed by Central Luzon at P74,515 per hectare. In ARMM, yellow corn producers grossed the lowest at P38,125 per hectare in 2015.
7
In terms of net returns, MIMAROPA recorded the biggest at P40,787 per hectare followed by Bicol Region at P34,053 per hectare. The lowest was generated in Western Visayas at P4,635 per hectare.
Net profit-cost ratios were higher in MIMAROPA at 2.64 and Bicol Region at 1.87. The least net profit-cost ratio was realized in Western Visayas at 0.12 in 2015.
On a per kilogram basis, Western Visayas incurred the highest cost in yellow corn production at P11.06 followed by Cagayan Valley at P10.45. The least cost was noted in MIMAROPA at P3.40 per kilogram.
Farmgate prices of yellow corn were notably higher in Bicol Region and Ilocos Region at P13.96 and P13.09 per kilogram, respectively. Central Luzon had the lowest farmgate price at P11.18 per kilogram of yellow corn in 2015.
8
A. PALAY
9
SUMMARY TABLES
10
Table 1.1. All Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs Of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines, 2015
DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE
PHILIPPINES 70,307 65,322 67,552 46,928 47,885 47,470 23,379 17,437 20,082
CAR 77,468 56,426 64,800 50,675 47,168 48,718 26,793 9,258 16,082
ILOCOS REGION 82,846 74,061 76,912 63,904 56,647 58,935 18,942 17,414 17,977
CAGAYAN VALLEY 72,586 67,205 70,110 49,305 57,772 53,837 23,281 9,433 16,273
CENTRAL LUZON 108,936 69,549 87,659 59,410 52,125 55,694 49,526 17,424 31,965
CALABARZON 56,431 50,785 53,689 48,833 43,782 46,161 7,598 7,003 7,528
MIMAROPA 63,063 63,525 63,443 46,276 51,151 49,070 16,787 12,374 14,373
BICOL 56,965 52,679 54,819 34,925 36,494 35,633 22,040 16,185 19,186
WESTERN VISAYAS 50,353 56,786 55,194 36,804 37,626 37,524 13,549 19,160 17,670
CENTRAL VISAYAS 53,640 69,422 61,570 47,992 46,712 47,328 5,648 22,710 14,242
EASTERN VISAYAS 57,669 61,822 59,664 33,223 39,376 36,026 24,446 22,446 23,638
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 70,812 75,629 73,682 44,579 46,603 45,616 26,233 29,026 28,066
NORTHERN MINDANAO 82,247 89,120 86,080 54,025 46,323 50,208 28,222 42,797 35,872
DAVAO REGION 81,881 85,338 83,583 59,445 56,773 58,056 22,436 28,565 25,527
SOCCSKSARGEN 67,656 71,999 70,186 44,957 44,042 44,175 22,699 27,957 26,011
CARAGA 53,729 53,983 54,365 39,052 41,331 39,984 14,677 12,652 14,381
ARMM 36,882 46,465 41,699 29,471 29,175 29,081 7,411 17,290 12,618
DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE
PHILIPPINES 0.50 0.36 0.42 11.63 12.64 12.18 17.42 17.24 17.33
CAR 0.53 0.20 0.33 11.41 15.56 13.55 17.44 18.61 18.02
ILOCOS REGION 0.30 0.31 0.31 14.02 13.42 13.69 18.18 17.55 17.87
CAGAYAN VALLEY 0.47 0.16 0.30 11.14 14.18 12.63 16.40 16.50 16.45
CENTRAL LUZON 0.83 0.33 0.57 10.22 13.77 11.79 18.74 18.37 18.56
CALABARZON 0.16 0.16 0.16 13.43 13.26 13.28 15.52 15.38 15.45
MIMAROPA 0.36 0.24 0.29 12.32 13.26 12.86 16.79 16.47 16.63
BICOL 0.63 0.44 0.54 9.44 9.89 9.65 15.40 14.28 14.84
WESTERN VISAYAS 0.37 0.51 0.47 12.61 10.71 11.35 17.25 16.16 16.70
CENTRAL VISAYAS 0.12 0.49 0.30 16.30 12.99 14.42 18.22 19.30 18.76
EASTERN VISAYAS 0.74 0.57 0.66 9.42 10.91 10.11 16.36 17.13 16.75
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 0.59 0.62 0.62 11.50 11.20 11.28 18.26 18.18 18.22
NORTHERN MINDANAO 0.52 0.92 0.71 12.76 10.11 11.34 19.43 19.45 19.44
DAVAO REGION 0.38 0.50 0.44 13.59 12.53 13.04 18.72 18.83 18.77
SOCCSKSARGEN 0.50 0.63 0.59 12.19 11.37 11.63 18.35 18.59 18.47
CARAGA 0.38 0.31 0.36 12.27 13.91 12.89 16.88 18.17 17.52
ARMM 0.25 0.59 0.43 13.17 10.50 11.58 16.48 16.72 16.60
REGIONGROSS RETURNS (P/ha) TOTAL COSTS (P/ha) NET RETURNS (P/ha)
REGIONNET PROFIT-COST RATIO COST/KILOGRAM (P)
FARMGATE
PRICE/KILOGRAM (P)
11
Table 1.2. Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs Of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines, 2015
DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE
PHILIPPINES 78,634 71,167 74,710 51,489 51,501 51,151 27,145 19,666 23,559
CAR 78,027 65,656 72,026 51,143 44,602 45,365 26,884 21,054 26,661
ILOCOS REGION 82,901 78,747 80,647 63,911 61,197 62,572 18,990 17,550 18,075
CAGAYAN VALLEY 77,326 70,604 74,107 48,382 56,725 52,754 28,944 13,879 21,353
CENTRAL LUZON 109,123 72,415 91,185 60,114 52,803 55,412 49,009 19,612 35,773
CALABARZON 62,282 54,630 58,617 51,562 44,786 48,208 10,720 9,844 10,409
MIMAROPA 67,529 67,066 67,335 46,032 52,629 49,183 21,497 14,437 18,152
BICOL 62,370 57,149 59,731 37,732 38,910 38,225 24,638 18,239 21,506
WESTERN VISAYAS 56,442 62,911 61,022 42,865 44,588 43,970 13,577 18,323 17,052
CENTRAL VISAYAS 59,907 77,721 68,981 54,180 52,934 53,490 5,727 24,787 15,491
EASTERN VISAYAS 72,851 72,254 72,779 42,241 49,098 46,151 30,610 23,156 26,628
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 78,116 84,955 81,862 48,499 50,422 49,531 29,617 34,533 32,331
NORTHERN MINDANAO 83,918 93,905 89,268 52,970 52,463 52,761 30,948 41,442 36,507
DAVAO REGION 85,213 89,348 87,281 61,266 58,161 59,675 23,947 31,187 27,606
SOCCSKSARGEN 71,235 77,706 74,896 47,588 46,097 46,551 23,647 31,609 28,345
CARAGA 59,316 59,797 59,866 44,652 45,600 45,096 14,664 14,197 14,770
ARMM 53,791 54,123 53,983 32,243 34,374 32,821 21,548 19,749 21,162
DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE
PHILIPPINES 0.53 0.38 0.46 11.41 12.48 11.87 17.42 17.24 17.33
CAR 0.53 0.47 0.59 11.43 12.64 11.35 17.44 18.61 18.02
ILOCOS REGION 0.30 0.29 0.29 14.02 13.64 13.86 18.18 17.55 17.87
CAGAYAN VALLEY 0.60 0.24 0.40 10.26 13.26 11.71 16.40 16.50 16.45
CENTRAL LUZON 0.82 0.37 0.65 10.32 13.39 11.28 18.74 18.37 18.56
CALABARZON 0.21 0.22 0.22 12.85 12.61 12.71 15.52 15.38 15.45
MIMAROPA 0.47 0.27 0.37 11.45 12.92 12.15 16.79 16.47 16.63
BICOL 0.65 0.47 0.56 9.32 9.72 9.50 15.40 14.28 14.84
WESTERN VISAYAS 0.32 0.41 0.39 13.10 11.45 12.03 17.25 16.16 16.70
CENTRAL VISAYAS 0.11 0.47 0.29 16.48 13.14 14.55 18.22 19.30 18.76
EASTERN VISAYAS 0.72 0.47 0.58 9.49 11.64 10.62 16.36 16.76 16.75
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 0.61 0.68 0.65 11.34 10.79 11.02 18.26 18.18 18.22
NORTHERN MINDANAO 0.58 0.79 0.69 12.26 10.87 11.49 19.43 19.45 19.44
DAVAO REGION 0.39 0.54 0.46 13.46 12.26 12.83 18.72 18.83 18.77
SOCCSKSARGEN 0.50 0.69 0.61 12.26 11.03 11.48 18.35 18.59 18.47
CARAGA 0.33 0.31 0.33 12.71 13.86 13.20 16.88 18.17 17.52
ARMM 0.67 0.57 0.64 9.88 10.62 10.09 16.48 16.72 16.60
REGIONNET PROFIT-COST RATIO COST/KILOGRAM (P)
FARMGATE
PRICE/KILOGRAM (P)
REGIONGROSS RETURNS (P/ha) TOTAL COSTS (P/ha) NET RETURNS (P/ha)
12
Table 1.3. Non-Irrigated Palay: Summary of Updated Average Costs Of Production, By Season, By Region, Philippines, 2015
DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE
PHILIPPINES 46,146 54,203 51,297 36,164 41,711 39,378 9,982 12,492 11,919
CAR 63,377 39,100 39,752 35,909 37,272 34,364 27,468 1,828 5,388
ILOCOS REGION 68,460 52,799 15,661
CAGAYAN VALLEY 46,117 34,287 42,063 47,463 49,192 41,144 (1,346) (14,905) 919
CENTRAL LUZON 75,953 58,031 59,076 44,228 56,777 55,465 31,725 1,254 3,611
CALABARZON 37,729 39,650 38,687 25,867 31,238 29,595 11,862 8,412 9,092
MIMAROPA 47,163 57,612 54,812 34,337 46,303 43,865 12,826 11,309 10,947
BICOL 46,677 42,997 44,832 32,181 32,607 32,379 14,496 10,390 12,453
WESTERN VISAYAS 43,211 51,502 49,616 33,220 35,090 34,674 9,991 16,412 14,942
CENTRAL VISAYAS 45,441 57,668 51,496 41,019 39,733 40,373 4,422 17,935 11,123
EASTERN VISAYAS 44,908 51,784 47,955 29,230 32,771 30,689 15,678 19,013 17,266
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 57,793 64,939 62,495 39,233 41,750 40,593 18,560 23,189 21,902
NORTHERN MINDANAO 63,400 64,827 64,405 41,402 25,973 29,039 21,998 38,854 35,366
DAVAO REGION 57,620 51,594 54,790 44,672 44,827 44,685 12,948 6,767 10,105
SOCCSKSARGEN 50,628 55,473 53,859 34,896 38,402 36,683 15,732 17,071 17,176
CARAGA 47,467 42,027 46,673 40,651 41,667 41,236 6,816 360 5,437
ARMM 30,900 44,258 37,765 27,919 26,603 27,116 2,981 17,655 10,649
DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE DRY WET AVERAGE
PHILIPPINES 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.30 0.30 13.65 13.27 13.30
CAR 0.76 0.05 0.16 9.88 17.74 15.58 17.44 18.61 18.02
ILOCOS REGION 0.30 13.78 17.87
CAGAYAN VALLEY -0.03 -0.30 0.02 16.88 23.67 16.09 16.40 16.50 16.45
CENTRAL LUZON 0.72 0.02 0.07 10.91 17.97 17.43 18.74 18.37 18.56
CALABARZON 0.46 0.27 0.31 10.64 12.12 11.82 15.52 15.38 15.45
MIMAROPA 0.37 0.24 0.25 12.22 13.24 13.31 16.79 16.47 16.63
BICOL 0.45 0.32 0.38 10.62 10.83 10.72 15.40 14.28 14.84
WESTERN VISAYAS 0.30 0.47 0.43 13.26 11.01 11.67 17.25 16.16 16.70
CENTRAL VISAYAS 0.11 0.45 0.28 16.45 13.30 14.71 18.22 19.30 18.76
EASTERN VISAYAS 0.54 0.58 0.56 10.65 10.84 10.72 16.36 17.13 16.75
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 0.47 0.56 0.54 12.40 11.69 11.83 18.26 18.18 18.22
NORTHERN MINDANAO 0.53 1.50 1.22 12.69 7.79 8.77 19.43 19.45 19.44
DAVAO REGION 0.29 0.15 0.23 14.51 16.36 15.31 18.72 18.83 18.77
SOCCSKSARGEN 0.45 0.44 0.47 12.65 12.87 12.58 18.35 18.59 18.47
CARAGA 0.17 0.01 0.13 14.46 18.01 15.48 16.88 18.17 17.52
ARMM 0.11 0.66 0.39 14.89 10.05 11.92 16.48 16.72 16.60
REGIONNET PROFIT-COST RATIO COST/KILOGRAM (P)
FARMGATE
PRICE/KILOGRAM (P)
REGIONGROSS RETURNS (P/ha) TOTAL COSTS (P/ha) NET RETURNS (P/ha)
13
FIGURES
14
15
16
17
18
19
STATISTICAL TABLES
20
Table 1A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Philippines, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
CASH COSTS 19,426 21,016 21,172 19,967 20,984 21,164 19,715 20,996 21,167
Seeds 1,270 1,580 1,368 1,344 1,554 1,338 1,309 1,568 1,354
Fertilizer 4,917 4,632 4,492 4,900 4,691 4,563 4,909 4,666 4,531
Pesticides 1,254 1,215 1,232 1,309 1,294 1,328 1,284 1,257 1,283
Hired labor 6,763 7,929 8,449 7,513 8,258 8,805 7,161 8,098 8,632
Caretaker/overseer's wages 132 149 159 96 108 115 113 128 136
Other permanent employee's salary 47 53 56 41 46 49 44 50 53
Land tax 181 183 185 191 193 195 187 189 191
Rentals 498 577 584 359 408 411 424 486 491
Fuel & Oil 843 891 816 820 823 746 831 856 781
Transport cost of inputs 158 160 159 170 171 171 165 167 167
Interest payment on crop loan 383 421 463 288 317 349 332 365 402
Irrigation fee 529 658 570 351 406 350 434 520 449
Electricity cost 26 27 25 38 38 34 33 34 31
Food expense 884 941 979 941 1,011 1,023 914 978 1,004
Repairs 1,164 1,207 1,234 1,184 1,227 1,245 1,175 1,217 1,239
Others 377 393 401 422 439 442 400 417 423
NON-CASH COSTS 12,928 16,839 15,065 14,155 17,558 15,093 13,580 17,243 15,101
Seeds 587 730 632 660 763 657 626 750 648
Fertilizer 39 36 35 24 24 24 31 29 29
Pesticides 7 7 7 2 2 2 4 4 4
Hired labor in kind 615 686 731 668 706 753 643 699 745
Harvesters' share 3,394 4,746 4,151 3,673 4,900 3,989 3,542 4,832 4,064
Threshers' share 3,001 4,196 3,670 3,697 4,932 4,015 3,371 4,599 3,868
Landowner's share 3,297 4,102 3,552 3,538 4,092 3,524 3,425 4,101 3,541
Caretaker/overseers wages 763 862 919 638 720 768 697 787 839
Other permanent employee's salary 31 35 37 31 35 37 31 35 37
Rentals 847 1,033 934 684 787 708 761 901 813
Transport cost of inputs 3 3 3 1 1 1
Interest payment on crop loan 176 194 213 346 381 419 266 293 322
Irrigation fee 168 209 181 123 142 122 144 172 149
Others 71 74 75 38 40 41
IMPUTED COSTS 8,138 10,675 10,691 9,317 11,472 11,628 8,765 11,125 11,202
Seeds 177 220 190 185 214 184 181 217 187
Fertilizer 62 58 57 57 55 53 59 56 54
Pesticides 9 9 9 2 2 2 6 6 6
Operator labor 1,839 2,656 2,865 1,989 2,708 3,080 1,919 2,688 2,976
Family labor 1,641 2,476 2,670 1,483 2,145 2,440 1,557 2,299 2,546
Exchange labor 110 163 176 128 183 208 120 175 193
Depreciation 676 744 818 763 839 923 722 794 873
Interest on operating capital 814 860 879 863 882 904 840 872 892
Rental value of owned land 2,775 3,453 2,990 3,799 4,394 3,784 3,319 3,975 3,432
Fuel & Oil 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2
Transport cost of inputs 4 4 4 9 9 9 7 7 7
Others 28 29 30 38 40 40 33 34 34
TOTAL COSTS 40,492 48,530 46,928 43,439 50,014 47,885 42,060 49,364 47,470
GROSS RETURNS 57,484 80,379 70,307 60,152 80,240 65,322 58,878 80,320 67,552
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 38,058 59,363 49,135 40,185 59,256 44,158 39,163 59,324 46,385
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS25,130 42,524 34,070 26,030 41,698 29,065 25,583 42,081 31,284
NET RETURNS 16,992 31,849 23,379 16,713 30,226 17,437 16,818 30,956 20,082
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.42 0.66 0.50 0.38 0.60 0.36 0.40 0.63 0.42
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.39 12.15 11.63 12.50 12.48 12.64 11.97 12.33 12.18
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,555 3,995 4,036 3,475 4,008 3,789 3,513 4,002 3,898
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.17 20.12 17.42 17.31 20.02 17.24 16.76 20.07 17.33
ITEM
21
Table 1B. Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Philippines, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
CASH COSTS 22,352 23,858 24,057 22,438 22,927 23,673 22,396 23,385 23,845
Seeds 1,466 1,803 1,561 1,474 1,677 1,444 1,470 1,739 1,497
Fertilizer 5,898 5,591 5,420 5,647 5,443 5,296 5,772 5,518 5,358
Pesticides 1,372 1,330 1,349 1,409 1,393 1,430 1,391 1,362 1,390
Hired labor 7,469 8,462 9,125 8,369 8,576 9,754 7,921 8,522 9,437
Caretaker/overseer's wages 183 204 217 147 155 165 165 179 191
Other permanent employee's salary 44 49 52 52 55 59 48 52 55
Land tax 200 202 204 185 187 189 193 195 197
Rentals 524 604 603 364 393 395 444 495 495
Fuel & Oil 1,043 1,103 1,010 928 932 845 985 1,015 925
Transport cost of inputs 177 179 178 165 166 166 171 173 173
Interest payment on crop loan 521 573 630 359 395 435 440 484 532
Irrigation fee 769 946 819 573 652 561 670 792 682
Electricity cost 12 13 12 53 53 48 33 34 31
Food expense 885 942 980 952 1,023 1,035 918 983 1,009
Repairs 1,355 1,405 1,436 1,308 1,355 1,375 1,331 1,379 1,404
Other costs 434 452 461 453 472 476 444 463 469
NON-CASH COSTS 14,516 18,538 16,603 15,362 18,639 16,013 14,940 18,571 15,968
Seeds 489 601 520 541 615 530 515 609 524
Fertilizer 47 44 42 27 26 25 37 34 34
Pesticides 9 9 9 3 3 3 6 6 6
Hired labor in kind 726 810 863 793 839 895 760 826 880
Caretaker/overseers wages 999 1,115 1,188 804 850 906 901 979 1,044
Other permanent employee's salary 44 49 52 50 53 57 47 51 54
Harvesters' share 3,751 5,076 4,435 3,858 4,995 4,045 3,804 5,031 4,075
Threshers' share 3,463 4,686 4,094 4,103 5,312 4,302 3,784 5,004 4,053
Landowner's share 3,640 4,530 3,922 3,950 4,574 3,939 3,796 4,546 3,915
Rentals 911 1,106 985 557 627 556 733 857 760
Transport cost of inputs 4 4 4 2 2 2
Interest payment on crop loan 189 208 229 368 405 446 279 307 338
Irrigation fee 244 300 260 201 229 197 222 263 226
Other costs 107 111 112 54 56 57
IMPUTED COSTS 8,511 10,881 10,829 9,837 11,760 11,815 9,177 11,349 11,338
Seeds 197 242 210 174 198 170 186 220 189
Fertilizer 63 59 57 60 58 56 61 58 56
Pesticides 14 14 14 4 4 4 9 9 9
Operator labor 1,843 2,625 2,831 1,998 2,672 3,039 1,921 2,648 2,933
Family labor 1,466 2,130 2,297 1,303 1,807 2,055 1,384 1,966 2,178
Exchange labor 125 186 201 130 183 208 128 186 206
Depreciation 725 798 878 751 826 909 738 812 893
Interest on operating capital 929 964 989 968 957 1,013 948 961 1,000
Rental value of owned land 3,103 3,816 3,304 4,390 4,994 4,300 3,749 4,434 3,818
Fuel & Oil 5 5 5 1 1 1 3 3 3
Transport cost of inputs 6 6 6 12 12 12 9 9 9
Other costs 35 36 37 46 48 48 41 43 44
TOTAL COSTS 45,379 53,277 51,489 47,637 53,326 51,501 46,513 53,305 51,151
GROSS RETURNS 66,503 89,997 78,634 67,866 87,868 71,167 67,201 88,870 74,710
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 44,151 66,139 54,577 45,428 64,941 47,494 44,805 65,485 50,865
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS29,635 47,601 37,974 30,066 46,302 31,481 29,865 46,914 34,897
NET RETURNS 21,124 36,720 27,145 20,229 34,542 19,666 20,688 35,565 23,559
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.47 0.69 0.53 0.42 0.65 0.38 0.44 0.67 0.46
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.16 11.91 11.41 12.35 12.15 12.48 11.75 12.04 11.87
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,065 4,473 4,514 3,856 4,389 4,128 3,960 4,428 4,311
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.36 20.12 17.42 17.60 20.02 17.24 16.97 20.07 17.33
ITEM
22
Table 1C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Philippines, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
CASH COSTS 12,986 14,377 14,727 16,079 16,435 17,051 14,794 15,611 16,085
Seeds 840 1,094 947 1,139 1,367 1,177 1,015 1,256 1,082
Fertilizer 2,763 2,526 2,448 3,728 3,512 3,417 3,327 3,108 3,018
Pesticides 995 920 933 1,151 1,051 1,078 1,086 996 1,016
Hired labor 5,208 6,461 6,967 6,164 6,428 7,311 5,767 6,460 7,154
Caretaker/overseer's wages 18 20 21 15 16 17 16 17 18
Other permanent employee's salary 55 61 65 24 25 27 37 40 43
Land tax 139 140 141 201 203 205 175 177 179
Rentals 439 496 518 352 387 386 388 433 442
Fuel & Oil 402 425 389 650 652 591 547 563 513
Transport cost of inputs 115 116 116 179 180 180 152 153 153
Interest payment on crop loan 78 86 95 176 194 213 136 150 165
Electricity cost 58 61 56 14 14 13 32 33 30
Food expense 881 938 976 925 994 1,006 907 971 996
Repairs 744 771 788 989 1,025 1,040 887 919 936
Other costs 251 262 267 372 387 390 322 335 340
NON-CASH COSTS 9,429 12,557 11,026 12,255 15,541 13,342 11,082 14,396 12,364
Seeds 802 1,044 904 848 1,018 877 829 1,026 883
Fertilizer 22 21 20 20 20 20 20 19 19
Hired labor in kind 372 415 442 471 498 531 430 467 498
Harvesters' share 2,607 3,755 3,200 3,382 4,659 3,824 3,060 4,318 3,544
Threshers' share 1,983 2,856 2,434 3,057 4,212 3,457 2,611 3,685 3,024
Landowner's share 2,541 3,162 2,738 2,890 3,346 2,881 2,745 3,287 2,830
Caretaker/overseers wages 245 273 291 376 398 424 322 350 373
Other permanent employee's salary 3 3 3 a/ 0 0 2 2 2
Rentals 707 866 816 885 1,032 936 811 966 888
Interest payment on crop loan 147 162 178 311 342 376 243 267 294
Other costs 15 16 16 9 9 9
IMPUTED COSTS 7,325 10,233 10,411 8,494 10,932 11,318 8,007 10,663 10,929
Seeds 133 173 150 201 241 208 172 213 183
Fertilizer 60 56 54 52 50 48 56 53 51
Operator labor 1,830 2,725 2,939 1,974 2,769 3,149 1,914 2,758 3,054
Family labor 2,028 3,235 3,488 1,766 2,672 3,039 1,875 2,910 3,223
Exchange labor 77 117 127 125 183 208 105 158 175
Depreciation 568 625 688 782 860 946 693 762 838
Interest on operating capital 562 613 635 698 686 727 641 657 688
Rental value of owned land 2,054 2,675 2,316 2,867 3,441 2,963 2,529 3,129 2,694
Transport cost of inputs 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 2
Other costs 12 13 13 26 27 27 20 21 21
TOTAL COSTS 29,740 37,167 36,164 36,828 42,908 41,711 33,883 40,670 39,378
GROSS RETURNS 37,590 54,143 46,146 47,938 66,046 54,203 43,648 61,595 51,297
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 24,604 39,766 31,419 31,859 49,611 37,152 28,854 45,984 35,212
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS15,175 27,209 20,393 19,604 34,070 23,810 17,772 31,588 22,848
NET RETURNS 7,850 16,976 9,982 11,110 23,138 12,492 9,765 20,925 11,919
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.26 0.46 0.28 0.30 0.54 0.30 0.29 0.51 0.30
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.22 13.81 13.65 12.81 13.01 13.27 12.59 13.25 13.30
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,433 2,691 2,649 2,874 3,299 3,144 2,691 3,069 2,960
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.45 20.12 17.42 16.68 20.02 17.24 16.22 20.07 17.33
a/ Less than ₱1.00
ITEM
23
Table 2A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, CAR, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 22,148 24,533 24,262 21,310 22,549 22,340 21,725 23,572 23,316
Seeds 1,942 2,494 2,121 1,473 1,770 1,528 1,705 2,118 1,815
Fertilizer 6,316 6,077 5,776 5,899 5,802 5,595 6,105 5,939 5,688
Pesticides 871 734 728 1,245 1,281 1,087 1,060 1,038 888
Hired labor 5,431 6,865 7,499 6,223 6,996 7,454 5,831 6,981 7,542
Land tax 123 124 125 320 323 326 223 225 227
Caretaker/overseer's wages 58 73 80 2 2 2 30 36 39
Rentals 1,177 1,496 1,500 757 860 887 965 1,168 1,185
Fuel and Oil 1,512 1,556 1,377 1,410 1,378 1,268 1,460 1,465 1,321
Transport cost of inputs 180 182 178 310 310 306 245 246 242
Interest payment on crop loan 436 480 528 216 238 262 325 358 394
Irrigation fee 908 1,166 991 32 38 33 466 579 496
Sacks and tying materials 300 310 316 944 983 991 625 648 658
Food expense 1,473 1,526 1,573 1,291 1,356 1,380 1,381 1,441 1,476
Repairs 1,410 1,438 1,458 1,186 1,212 1,221 1,297 1,324 1,339
Other costs 12 12 12 6 6 6
NON-CASH COSTS 13,049 16,624 14,666 11,974 12,973 10,849 12,506 14,462 12,426
Seeds 461 592 503 550 661 571 506 629 539
Fertilizer 69 66 63 18 18 18 43 42 40
Hired labor in kind 483 611 667 346 389 414 414 496 536
Harvesters' share 3,996 5,093 4,328 3,321 3,351 2,546 3,655 4,046 3,264
Threshers' share 3,917 4,992 4,242 3,377 3,407 2,589 3,645 4,035 3,255
Landowner's share 1,140 1,464 1,245 2,470 2,968 2,562 1,811 2,250 1,928
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,232 1,557 1,701 1,175 1,321 1,408 1,203 1,440 1,556
Rentals 1,738 2,232 1,903 681 818 706 1,204 1,495 1,283
Irrigation fee 13 17 14 31 37 32 22 27 23
Sacks and tying materials 3 3 3 2 2 2
IMPUTED COSTS 9,057 11,108 11,747 12,176 13,766 13,979 10,631 12,548 12,976
Seeds 80 103 88 82 99 85 81 101 87
Pesticides 3 3 3 1 1 1
Operator labor 2,717 3,434 3,751 3,588 4,034 4,298 3,157 3,780 4,084
Family labor 2,910 3,678 4,018 2,862 3,217 3,428 2,886 3,455 3,732
Exchange labor 481 608 664 551 619 660 517 619 669
Depreciation 985 1,084 1,192 1,397 1,537 1,691 1,193 1,312 1,443
Interest on operating capital 834 894 900 850 876 874 842 889 889
Rental value of owned land 898 1,153 980 2,667 3,205 2,767 1,791 2,225 1,907
Fuel and Oil 8 8 7 10 10 9 9 9 8
Transport cost of inputs 33 33 32 141 141 139 88 89 87
Sacks and tying materials 109 113 115 24 25 25 66 68 69
TOTAL COSTS 44,254 52,265 50,675 45,459 49,288 47,168 44,862 50,582 48,718
GROSS RETURNS 71,538 91,167 77,468 73,601 74,253 56,426 72,579 80,335 64,800
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 49,390 66,634 53,206 52,292 51,704 34,086 50,854 56,763 41,484
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS36,341 50,010 38,540 40,318 38,731 23,237 38,348 42,301 29,058
NET RETURNS 27,284 38,902 26,793 28,142 24,965 9,258 27,717 29,753 16,082
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.62 0.74 0.53 0.62 0.51 0.20 0.62 0.59 0.33
Cost per kilogram (P) 9.88 11.76 11.41 11.08 14.31 15.56 10.46 13.24 13.55
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,478 4,445 4,442 4101.9 3444 3032 4288.2 3820 3596
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.97 20.51 17.44 17.94 21.56 18.61 16.93 21.03 18.02
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
24
Table 2B. Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, CAR, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 22,374 24,766 24,483 22,584 19,284 19,131 22,475 19,583 19,426
Seeds 1,946 2,495 2,121 1,616 1,925 1,662 1,788 2,214 1,897
Fertilizer 6,440 6,193 5,887 6,351 1,657 1,419 6,398 1,438 1,246
Pesticides 862 726 720 1,261 1,297 1,101 1,053 1,030 881
Hired labor 5,463 6,905 7,543 6,443 7,243 7,717 5,932 7,102 7,672
Land tax 127 128 129 317 320 323 218 220 222
Caretaker/overseer's wages 60 76 83 2 2 2 32 38 41
Rentals 1,183 1,503 1,503 816 927 954 1,008 1,220 1,235
Fuel & Oil 1,536 1,580 1,398 1,562 1,526 1,404 1,548 1,553 1,401
Transport cost of inputs 177 179 175 317 317 313 244 245 241
Interest payment on crop loan 449 494 543 235 259 285 347 382 420
Irrigation fee 937 1,201 1,021 36 43 37 505 625 536
Sacks and Tying materials 299 309 315 1,046 1,089 1,134 657 681 706
Food expense 1,494 1,548 1,596 1,401 1,472 1,546 1,449 1,512 1,577
Repairs 1,389 1,417 1,437 1,181 1,207 1,234 1,290 1,317 1,345
Other costs 12 12 12 6 6 6
NON-CASH COSTS 13,221 16,853 14,869 12,562 14,084 11,856 12,905 15,417 13,347
Seeds 467 599 509 435 518 447 452 560 480
Fertilizer 71 68 65 21 21 21 47 45 43
Hired labor in kind 496 627 685 369 415 442 435 521 563
Harvesters' share 4,050 5,170 4,392 3,652 3,972 3,085 3,859 4,537 3,720
Threshers' share 3,943 5,034 4,277 3,691 4,014 3,118 3,822 4,494 3,685
Landowner's share 1,176 1,508 1,282 2,248 2,678 2,312 1,689 2,092 1,793
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,271 1,607 1,755 1,327 1,492 1,590 1,298 1,554 1,679
Rentals 2,223 1,890 43 928 801 77 1,582 1,356 28
Irrigation fee 13 17 14 35 42 36 24 30 26
Sacks and Tying materials 4 4 4 2 2 2
IMPUTED COSTS 9,099 11,154 11,791 12,119 13,419 13,615 10,545 12,165 12,592
Seeds 83 106 90 72 86 74 78 97 83
Pesticides 4 3 3 1 1 1
Operator labor 2,719 3,437 3,755 3,548 3,989 4,250 3,116 3,730 4,030
Family labor 2,909 3,677 4,017 2,744 3,085 3,287 2,830 3,388 3,660
Exchange labor 481 608 664 443 498 531 463 554 598
Depreciation 991 1,090 1,199 1,445 1,590 1,765 1,208 1,329 1,475
Interest on operating capital 843 902 908 898 670 664 869 652 653
Rental value of owned land 918 1,177 1,001 2,784 3,316 2,862 1,812 2,244 1,923
Fuel & Oil 8 8 7 11 11 10 10 10 9
Transport cost of inputs 33 33 32 161 161 159 94 95 93
Sacks and Tying materials 112 116 118 10 10 10 63 65 67
TOTAL COSTS 44,694 52,773 51,143 47,265 46,787 44,602 45,925 47,165 45,365
GROSS RETURNS 71,943 91,844 78,027 77,732 84,537 65,656 74,716 87,842 72,026
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 49,569 67,078 53,544 55,148 65,253 46,525 52,241 68,259 52,600
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 36,348 50,225 38,675 42,586 51,169 34,66939,336 52,842 39,253
NET RETURNS 27,249 39,071 26,884 30,467 37,750 21,054 28,791 40,677 26,661
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.61 0.74 0.53 0.64 0.81 0.47 0.63 0.86 0.59
Cost per kilogram (P) 9.94 11.78 11.43 11.00 11.93 12.64 10.44 11.29 11.35
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,496 4,478 4,474 4,296 3,921 3,528 4,400 4,177 3,997
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.00 20.51 17.44 18.10 21.56 18.61 16.98 21.03 18.02
ITEM
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
25
Table 2C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, CAR, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 14,990 16,914 17,031 12,461 13,112 13,154 12,949 14,060 14,184
Seeds 1,819 2,489 2,116 484 640 552 742 977 837
Fertilizer 2,389 2,286 2,179 2,760 2,528 2,422 2,688 2,503 2,383
Pesticides 1,128 950 943 1,145 1,179 1,001 1,142 1,118 957
Hired labor 4,418 5,584 6,100 4,696 5,279 5,625 4,642 5,557 6,003
Land tax 24 24 24 341 344 347 280 283 286
Rentals 1,000 1,264 1,381 351 395 421 476 570 616
Fuel & Oil 730 751 665 354 346 338 427 428 429
Transport cost of inputs 264 267 261 260 260 257 261 263 258
Interest payment on crop loan 86 95 105 70 77 85
Sacks and Tying materials 350 361 368 236 246 248 258 268 272
Food expense 796 825 851 530 557 585 581 606 632
Repairs 2,072 2,113 2,143 1,216 1,243 1,253 1,381 1,410 1,426
NON-CASH COSTS 7,614 9,728 8,534 7,887 10,016 8,420 7,835 9,672 8,070
Seeds 298 408 347 1,344 1,778 1,535 1,142 1,504 1,289
Hired labor in kind 60 76 83 188 211 225 163 195 211
Harvesters' share 2,266 2,832 2,447 1,026 1,193 893 1,265 1,397 1,057
Threshers' share 3,095 3,868 3,342 1,198 1,393 1,043 1,564 1,727 1,307
Landowner's share 4,012 5,307 4,581 3,238 4,264 3,654
Caretaker/overseers wages 119 134 143 96 115 124
Rentals 1,897 2,544 2,315 365 470 428
IMPUTED COSTS 7,744 9,595 10,344 12,569 15,087 15,698 11,639 12,306 12,110
Seeds 154 204 176 124 163 140
Operator labor 2,644 3,342 3,651 3,865 4,627 4,999 3,629 3,629 3,629
Family labor 2,940 3,716 4,059 3,681 4,407 4,761 3,538 3,538 3,538
Exchange labor 483 611 667 1,307 1,565 1,691 1,148 1,148 1,148
Depreciation 818 900 990 1,065 1,172 1,289 1,018 1,120 1,232
Interest on operating capital 559 625 633 521 532 536 528 562 568
Rental value of owned land 274 375 319 1,852 2,450 2,115 1,548 2,038 1,746
Transport cost of inputs 24 24 23 9 9 9 11 11 11
Sacks and Tying materials 2 2 2 116 121 122 94 97 98
TOTAL COSTS 30,348 36,237 35,909 32,918 38,215 37,272 32,422 36,038 34,364
GROSS RETURNS 58,711 73,364 63,377 44,908 52,218 39,100 47,570 52,533 39,752
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 43,720 56,450 46,346 32,448 39,106 25,946 34,621 38,473 25,568
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS36,107 46,722 37,812 24,560 29,090 17,526 26,787 28,801 17,498
NET RETURNS 28,363 37,127 27,468 11,991 14,003 1,828 15,148 16,495 5,388
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.93 1.02 0.76 0.36 0.37 0.05 0.47 0.46 0.16
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.75 10.13 9.88 11.95 15.78 17.74 10.88 14.43 15.58
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,917 3,577 3,634 2,755 2,422 2,101 2,979 2,498 2,206
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.99 20.51 17.44 16.30 21.56 18.61 15.97 21.03 18.02
ITEM
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
26
Table 3A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 28,662 30,816 30,691 25,639 26,715 27,187 26,315 27,926 28,280
Seeds 1,683 2,222 1,838 1,560 1,869 1,497 1,587 1,946 1,584
Fertilizer 8,665 8,197 7,993 7,107 6,569 6,576 7,456 6,975 6,883
Pesticides 1,138 1,016 1,029 927 838 840 974 899 889
Hired labor 7,468 8,865 9,607 10,138 11,228 12,045 9,542 10,935 11,791
Land tax 127 128 129 202 204 206 185 187 189
Caretaker/overseer's wages 8 9 10 2 2 2 4 5 5
Rentals 356 423 458 542 619 597 500 586 581
Fuel and Oil 1,874 1,928 1,684 883 863 781 1,105 1,108 985
Transport cost of inputs 193 195 192 267 266 264 251 252 249
Interest payment on crop loan 244 268 295 110 121 133 140 154 169
Irrigation fee 1,057 1,395 1,154 189 226 181 383 470 383
Sacks and tying materials 734 768 783 572 597 602 608 635 664
Electricity cost 97 98 89 75 79 70
Food expense 1,311 1,385 1,444 1,553 1,679 1,815 1,499 1,603 1,714
Repairs 3,806 4,017 4,075 1,490 1,536 1,559 2,007 2,092 2,124
NON-CASH COSTS 18,124 24,913 20,821 17,342 22,287 17,961 17,517 22,883 18,770
Seeds 418 552 457 416 498 399 416 510 415
Fertilizer 26 23 22 35 31 31 33 29 29
Pesticides 7 7 7 2 2 2
Hired labor in kind 76 90 98 294 326 350 245 281 303
Harvesters' share 3,177 4,635 3,884 4,030 5,650 4,433 3,840 5,444 4,380
Threshers' share 4,466 6,516 5,460 3,912 5,485 4,304 4,036 5,722 4,604
Landowner's share 9,111 12,027 9,948 7,665 9,182 7,355 7,988 9,796 7,975
Caretaker/overseers wages 92 102 109 71 81 87
Other permanent employee's salary 2 2 2 a/ 0 0
Rentals 443 580 490 215 255 215 266 324 274
Transport cost of inputs 2 2 2 a/ 0 0
Interest payment on crop loan 184 202 222 364 400 444 323 355 394
Irrigation fee 210 277 229 158 189 151 169 207 169
Sacks and tying materials 162 169 170 126 132 138
IMPUTED COSTS 10,300 12,111 12,392 10,666 12,044 11,499 10,585 12,189 11,885
Seeds 100 132 109 67 80 64 74 91 74
Fertilizer 53 50 49 111 109 109 98 94 93
Pesticides 2 2 2 3 0 0
Operator labor 2,706 3,212 3,481 2,103 2,329 2,499 2,238 2,565 2,766
Family labor 2,021 2,399 2,600 1,589 1,760 1,888 1,686 1,932 2,083
Exchange labor 159 189 205 79 87 93 97 111 120
Depreciation 2,141 2,355 2,591 1,201 1,321 1,453 1,411 1,552 1,707
Interest on operating capital 1,086 1,123 1,142 1,131 1,134 1,169 1,121 1,148 1,180
Rental value of owned land 1,918 2,532 2,094 4,199 5,030 4,029 3,689 4,524 3,683
Transport cost of inputs 31 31 31 24 24 24 26 26 26
Sacks and tying materials 82 86 88 157 164 165 140 146 153
TOTAL COSTS 57,086 67,840 63,904 53,648 61,046 56,647 54,416 62,998 58,935
GROSS RETURNS 67,765 98,866 82,846 67,322 94,388 74,061 67,421 95,592 76,912
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 39,103 68,050 52,155 41,683 67,673 46,874 41,107 67,666 48,632
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 20,980 43,137 31,334 24,341 45,386 28,913 23,590 44,783 29,862
NET RETURNS 10,679 31,026 18,942 13,674 33,342 17,414 13,005 32,594 17,977
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.19 0.46 0.30 0.25 0.55 0.31 0.24 0.52 0.31
Cost per kilogram (P) 14.02 15.08 14.02 14.58 14.17 13.42 14.44 14.47 13.69
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,071 4,498 4,557 3,680 4,308 4,220 3,767 4,355 4,304
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.65 21.98 18.18 18.29 21.91 17.55 17.90 21.95 17.87
a/ Less than ₱1.00
ITEM
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
27
Table 3B. Irrigated Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
CASH COSTS 28,662 30,816 30,691 27,452 28,492 28,992 27,871 29,450 29,784
Seeds 1,683 2,222 1,838 1,657 1,957 1,568 1,666 2,044 1,664
Fertilizer 8,665 8,197 7,993 8,329 7,844 7,841 8,444 7,995 7,884
Pesticides 1,138 1,016 1,029 1,003 859 861 1,049 925 914
Hired labor 7,468 8,865 9,607 9,620 10,654 11,430 8,876 10,172 10,968
Land tax 127 128 129 113 114 115 118 119 120
Caretaker/overseer's wages 8 9 10 4 4 4 5 6 6
Rentals 356 423 458 492 545 585 445 510 550
Fuel and Oil 1,874 1,928 1,684 1,078 1,053 954 1,354 1,358 1,207
Transport cost of inputs 193 195 192 233 233 232 219 220 218
Interest payment on crop loan 244 268 295 191 210 231 209 230 253
Irrigation fee 1,057 1,395 1,154 348 411 329 593 728 593
Sacks and tying materials 734 768 783 723 755 788 726 759 793
Electricity cost 179 181 183 117 123 130
Food expense 1,311 1,385 1,444 1,571 1,699 1,837 1,481 1,583 1,692
Repairs 3,806 4,017 4,075 1,914 1,973 2,034 2,569 2,678 2,792
NON-CASH COSTS 18,124 24,923 20,828 22,158 27,544 22,240 20,762 26,685 21,920
Seeds 418 552 457 505 596 477 475 583 475
Fertilizer 26 23 22 64 57 57 51 46 45
Pesticides 7 7 7 2 2 2
Hired labor in kind 76 90 98 245 271 291 187 214 231
Harvesters' share 3,177 4,639 3,887 5,592 7,452 5,819 4,756 6,536 5,258
Threshers' share 4,466 6,522 5,464 4,432 5,906 4,611 4,444 6,107 4,913
Landowner's share 9,111 12,027 9,948 9,573 11,307 9,057 9,413 11,549 9,402
Caretaker/overseers wages 169 187 201 110 126 136
Other permanent employee's salary 2 2 2 1 1 1
Rentals 443 580 490 355 415 351 385 468 397
Transport cost of inputs 2 2 2 1 1 1
Interest payment on crop loan 184 202 222 635 699 776 479 527 585
Irrigation fee 210 277 229 290 343 275 262 321 261
Sacks and tying materials 298 311 325 195 204 213
IMPUTED COSTS 10,300 12,111 12,392 9,068 10,059 9,965 9,495 10,814 10,868
Seeds 100 132 109 63 74 59 76 93 76
Fertilizer 53 50 49 88 87 87 76 73 72
Pesticides 2 2 2 6 6 6 5 4 4
Operator labor 2,706 3,212 3,481 2,460 2,724 2,922 2,545 2,917 3,145
Family labor 2,021 2,399 2,600 1,302 1,442 1,547 1,551 1,777 1,916
Exchange labor 159 189 205 103 114 122 122 140 151
Depreciation 2,141 2,355 2,591 1,229 1,352 1,487 1,545 1,700 1,870
Interest on operating capital 1,086 1,123 1,142 1,181 1,179 1,211 1,148 1,169 1,196
Rental value of owned land 1,918 2,532 2,094 2,409 2,845 2,279 2,239 2,747 2,236
Transport cost of inputs 31 31 31 25 25 25 27 27 27
Sacks and tying materials 82 86 88 202 211 220 160 167 175
TOTAL COSTS 57,086 67,850 63,911 58,678 66,095 61,197 58,127 66,949 62,572
GROSS RETURNS 67,765 98,954 82,901 75,680 100,852 78,747 72,941 100,246 80,647
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 39,103 68,138 52,210 48,229 72,360 49,755 45,071 70,796 50,863
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 20,980 43,215 31,38226,071 44,816 27,515 24,309 44,111 28,943
NET RETURNS 10,679 31,104 18,990 17,003 34,757 17,550 14,814 33,297 18,075
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.19 0.46 0.30 0.29 0.53 0.29 0.25 0.50 0.29
Cost per kilogram (P) 14.02 15.07 14.02 14.38 14.36 13.64 14.26 14.66 13.86
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,071 4,502 4,560 4,080 4,603 4,487 4,077 4,567 4,513
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.65 21.98 18.18 18.55 21.91 17.55 17.89 21.95 17.87
ITEM
28
Table 3C. Non-Irrigated: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015
WET SEASON
2013 2014 2015
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
CASH COSTS 23,480 25,485 26,104
Seeds 1,444 1,770 1,441
Fertilizer 5,654 5,054 5,067
Pesticides 835 824 826
Hired labor 10,755 12,767 13,696
Land tax 308 311 314
Rentals 601 719 628
Fuel and Oil 651 636 576
Transport cost of inputs 308 307 305
Interest payment on crop loan 14 15 17
Sacks and tying materials 393 410 413
Food expense 1,532 1,656 1,790
Repairs 985 1,016 1,031
NON-CASH COSTS 11,607 15,615 12,755
Seeds 309 379 309
Hired labor in kind 351 417 447
Harvesters' share 2,170 3,219 2,590
Threshers' share 3,293 4,885 3,930
Landowner's share 5,393 6,610 5,381
Rentals 50 61 50
Interest payment on crop loan 40 44 48
IMPUTED COSTS 12,570 14,908 13,940
Seeds 71 87 71
Fertilizer 139 167 167
Pesticides 3 3 3
Operator labor 1,678 1,992 2,137
Family labor 1,931 2,292 2,459
Exchange labor 51 61 65
Depreciation 1,168 1,285 1,414
Interest on operating capital 1,071 1,129 1,173
Rental value of owned land 6,331 7,759 6,317
Transport cost of inputs 24 24 24
Sacks and tying materials 104 109 110
TOTAL COSTS 47,657 56,008 52,799
GROSS RETURNS 57,368 85,100 68,460
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 33,887 59,615 42,356
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-CASH
COSTS 22,280 44,000 29,601
NET RETURNS 9,710 29,092 15,661
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.20 0.52 0.30
Cost per kilogram (P) 14.88 14.45 13.78
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,203 3,877 3,831
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.91 21.95 17.87
ITEM
29
Table 4A. All Palay: Updated Average Production Costs of Production, by Season, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 21,615 25,506 25,692 25,428 28,118 28,649 23,458 26,827 27,106
Seeds 1,864 2,432 1,881 1,714 1,894 1,497 1,791 2,148 1,679
Fertilizer 6,567 6,097 5,847 6,698 6,135 6,017 6,630 6,116 5,929
Pesticides 1,374 1,328 1,402 1,205 1,135 1,180 1,293 1,282 1,254
Hired labor 6,658 9,935 10,942 8,738 11,501 12,574 7,663 10,712 11,756
Land tax 132 133 134 159 161 163 145 146 147
Caretaker/overseer's wages 191 236 260 492 556 608 337 398 437
Other permanent employee's salary 171 193 211 82 97 106
Rentals 192 244 224 377 421 400 281 334 313
Fuel & Oil 1,004 1,049 988 1,349 1,342 1,298 1,170 1,193 1,139
Transport cost of inputs 214 216 217 158 159 162 187 188 190
Interest payment on crop loan 1,176 1,294 1,423 619 681 749 907 998 1,098
Irrigation fee 723 943 730 808 893 706 764 916 716
Sacks and Tying materials 492 513 525 376 390 397 436 454 463
Electricity cost 274 273 264 133 136 130
Food expense 853 909 937 946 1,003 1,025 898 954 979
Repairs 175 177 182 1,343 1,381 1,398 740 755 770
NON-CASH COSTS 12,938 16,620 13,994 17,268 19,193 15,614 15,031 17,901 14,937
Seeds 266 347 268 142 157 124 206 247 193
Fertilizer 76 62 60 43 41 40 41 35 113
Pesticides 2 2 2 1 1 1
Hired labor in kind 855 1,056 1,163 896 1,012 1,106 875 1,034 1,135
Harvesters' share 3,081 3,976 3,265 3,316 3,700 2,743 3,194 3,827 3,000
Threshers' share 3,041 3,924 3,223 5,450 6,082 4,509 4,206 5,040 3,951
Landowner's share 4,106 5,357 4,144 5,048 5,580 4,409 4,561 5,471 4,277
Caretaker/overseers wages 764 944 1,040 1,189 1,343 1,468 969 1,145 1,257
Other permanent employee's salary 168 207 228 11 12 13 92 109 120
Rentals 402 522 418 342 378 299 374 449 358
Interest payment on crop loan 31 34 37 316 348 383 169 186 205
Irrigation fee 145 189 146 115 127 100 131 157 123
Sacks and Tying materials 398 413 420 192 200 204
IMPUTED COSTS 8,201 10,255 9,619 12,708 14,519 13,509 10,380 12,652 11,794
Seeds 7 9 7 186 206 163 93 112 88
Fertilizer 2 2 2 1 1 1
Pesticides 2 1 1 1 0 0
Operator labor 2,121 2,620 2,886 2,836 3,204 3,503 2,467 2,914 3,198
Family labor 870 1,075 1,184 1,078 1,218 1,332 970 1,146 1,258
Exchange labor 90 111 122 153 173 189 120 142 156
Depreciation 451 496 546 760 836 920 600 660 726
Interest on operating capital 943 1,094 1,120 1,052 1,545 1,588 996 1,529 1,551
Rental value of owned land 3,711 4,841 3,745 6,574 7,266 5,742 5,095 6,111 4,778
Transport cost of inputs 3 3 3 1 1 1
Sacks and Tying materials 8 8 8 64 66 67 35 36 37
TOTAL COSTS 42,755 52,381 49,305 55,403 61,830 57,772 48,869 57,380 53,837
GROSS RETURNS 68,488 88,383 72,586 81,224 90,640 67,205 74,644 89,441 70,110
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 46,873 62,877 46,894 55,796 62,522 38,556 51,186 62,614 43,004
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 33,935 46,257 32,90038,528 43,329 22,942 36,155 44,713 28,067
NET RETURNS 25,733 36,002 23,281 25,820 28,810 9,433 25,775 32,061 16,273
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.60 0.69 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.16 0.53 0.56 0.30
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.14 12.56 11.14 12.89 14.24 14.18 11.48 13.50 12.63
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,215 4,169 4,426 4,299 4,341 4,073 4,256 4,251 4,262
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.25 21.20 16.40 18.89 20.88 16.50 17.54 21.04 16.45
ITEM
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
30
Table 4B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 21,959 24,152 24,129 25,698 26,777 27,145 23,818 25,544 25,645
Seeds 1,925 2,508 1,940 1,739 1,922 1,519 1,832 2,194 1,715
Fertilizer 6,706 6,214 5,962 6,796 6,231 6,109 6,750 6,223 6,035
Pesticide 1,356 1,308 1,381 1,196 1,127 1,172 1,277 1,265 1,237
Hired labor 6,661 8,227 9,061 8,762 9,898 10,821 7,706 9,103 9,991
Land tax 135 136 137 163 165 167 149 150 152
Caretaker/overseer's wages 209 258 284 509 575 629 358 423 464
Other permanent employee's salary 177 200 219 88 104 114
Rentals 171 219 195 387 433 410 278 331 307
Fuel & Oil 1,036 1,082 1,019 1,360 1,353 1,309 1,197 1,221 1,165
Transport cost of inputs 216 218 219 152 153 156 184 185 187
Interest payment on crop loan 1,249 1,374 1,511 641 705 776 947 1,042 1,146
Irrigation fee 791 1,031 798 836 924 730 813 974 761
Sacks and Tying materials 500 521 533 367 381 388 434 452 461
Electricity cost 284 283 274 141 144 137
Food expense 832 886 914 947 1,004 1,026 889 945 970
Repairs 168 170 175 1,384 1,423 1,440 772 788 803
NON-CASH COSTS 13,356 17,482 14,650 17,557 19,870 16,229 15,445 18,739 15,536
Seeds 241 314 243 112 124 98 177 212 166
Fertilizer 83 69 66 45 43 42 64 55 54
Pesticide 2 2 2 1 1 1
Hired labor in kind 930 1,149 1,266 927 1,047 1,145 928 1,096 1,203
Harvesters' share 3,195 4,296 3,477 3,374 3,899 2,916 3,284 4,085 3,188
Threshers' share 3,049 4,100 3,318 5,484 6,338 4,740 4,260 5,299 4,136
Landowner's share 4,214 5,491 4,248 5,163 5,707 4,510 4,686 5,611 4,387
Caretaker/overseers wages 825 1,019 1,122 1,230 1,389 1,519 1,027 1,213 1,331
Other permanent employee's salary 184 227 250 12 14 15 98 116 127
Rentals 440 571 457 354 391 310 397 475 379
Interest payment on crop loan 34 37 41 327 360 396 180 198 218
Irrigation fee 159 207 160 119 132 104 139 166 130
Sacks and Tying materials 411 426 434 204 212 216
IMPUTED COST 7,952 10,254 9,603 12,662 14,378 13,351 10,294 12,453 11,573
Seeds 5 7 5 192 212 168 98 117 91
Fertilizer 2 2 2 1 1 1
Pesticide 2 1 1 1 0 0
Operator labor 2,098 2,591 2,854 2,775 3,135 3,427 2,435 2,876 3,156
Family labor 743 918 1,011 1,077 1,217 1,331 909 1,074 1,179
Exchange labor 77 95 105 153 173 189 115 136 149
Depreciation 440 484 532 761 837 921 600 660 726
Interest on operating capital 954 1,426 1,433 1,060 1,467 1,501 1,007 1,453 1,465
Rental value of owned land 3,627 4,726 3,656 6,572 7,264 5,740 5,092 6,098 4,767
Transport cost of inputs 3 3 3 1 1 1
Sacks and Tying materials 6 6 6 66 68 69 36 37 38
TOTAL COSTS 43,266 51,888 48,382 55,917 61,025 56,725 49,557 56,736 52,754
GROSS RETURNS 71,054 95,548 77,326 81,683 94,398 70,604 76,339 94,954 74,107
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 49,095 71,396 53,197 55,985 67,621 43,459 52,521 69,410 48,462
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 35,739 53,914 38,547 38,428 47,751 27,230 37,076 50,671 32,926
NET RETURNS 27,787 43,660 28,944 25,766 33,373 13,879 26,782 38,218 21,353
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.64 0.84 0.60 0.46 0.55 0.24 0.54 0.67 0.40
Cost per kilogram (P) 9.91 11.51 10.26 12.93 13.50 13.26 11.41 12.57 11.71
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,367 4,507 4,715 4,323 4,521 4,279 4,345 4,513 4,505
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.27 21.20 16.40 18.89 20.88 16.50 17.57 21.04 16.45
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
31
Table 4C. Non-Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 17,942 19,901 21,282 17,624 18,351 20,446 17,857 19,290 19,650
Seeds 1,208 1,619 1,788 1,005 1,110 1,385 1,153 1,439 1,125
Fertilizer 5,067 4,833 4,812 3,897 3,432 3,396 4,754 4,422 4,260
Pesticides 1,567 1,529 1,504 1,455 1,407 1,483 1,537 1,550 1,516
Hired labor 6,616 8,171 9,230 8,049 9,092 10,740 7,000 8,269 9,075
Land tax 98 99 100 41 41 41 83 84 85
Rentals 409 512 576 85 96 113 321 383 402
Fuel & Oil 656 685 682 1,013 1,008 1,028 752 767 732
Transport cost of inputs 186 187 188 332 333 335 225 226 229
Interest payment on crop loan 399 439 483 292 321 353
Sacks and Tying materials 404 421 437 646 670 697 469 488 498
Food expense 1,078 1,148 1,217 944 1,001 1,064 1,042 1,107 1,136
Repairs 255 258 265 157 161 164 229 234 239
NON-CASH COSTS 8,471 10,913 10,586 8,909 8,348 9,726 8,588 10,033 7,879
Seeds 530 710 784 1,024 1,131 1,411 662 826 646
Hired labor in kind 63 78 88 46 54 59
Harvesters' share 1,862 2,333 2,009 1,636 1,409 1,576 1,801 2,014 1,570
Threshers' share 2,963 3,712 3,197 4,479 3,857 4,313 3,369 3,767 2,936
Landowner's share 2,946 3,948 4,359 1,727 1,907 2,380 2,620 3,269 2,556
Caretaker/overseers wages 107 132 149 78 92 101
Sacks and Tying materials 42 44 46 11 11 11
IMPUTED COSTS 10,870 14,051 15,595 14,025 15,819 19,020 11,716 14,350 13,615
Seeds 28 38 42 20 25 20
Operator labor 2,374 2,932 3,312 4,584 5,178 6,117 2,966 3,504 3,846
Family labor 2,223 2,746 3,102 1,100 1,243 1,468 1,922 2,270 2,491
Exchange labor 223 275 311 144 163 193 202 239 262
Depreciation 564 620 682 743 817 899 612 673 740
Interest on operating capital 828 1,245 1,308 825 1,099 1,210 828 1,197 1,214
Rental value of owned land 4,599 6,163 6,805 6,628 7,319 9,133 5,143 6,418 5,018
Sacks and Tying materials 31 32 33 23 24 24
TOTAL COSTS 37,283 44,865 47,463 40,558 42,518 49,192 38,161 43,673 41,144
GROSS RETURNS 41,052 51,431 46,117 67,962 58,527 34,287 48,264 53,968 42,063
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 23,110 31,530 24,835 50,338 40,176 13,841 30,407 34,678 22,413
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 14,639 20,617 14,249 41,429 31,828 4,115 21,819 24,645 14,534
NET RETURNS 3,769 6,566 -1,346 27,404 16,009 -14,905 10,103 10,295 919
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.10 0.15 -0.03 0.68 0.38 -0.30 0.26 0.24 0.02
Cost per kilogram (P) 14.36 18.49 16.88 11.28 15.17 23.67 13.33 17.03 16.09
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,596 2,426 2,812 3,595 2,803 2,078 2,863 2,565 2,557
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.82 21.20 16.40 18.91 20.88 16.50 16.86 21.04 16.45
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
32
Table 5A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Luzon, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 24,964 27,296 26,917 23,222 24,445 24,346 24,004 25,797 25,589
Seeds 2,063 2,707 2,299 1,932 2,521 2,034 1,991 2,604 2,156
Fertilizer 6,572 6,110 5,823 5,533 5,241 5,109 5,999 5,634 5,434
Pesticides 1,290 1,347 1,284 1,151 1,109 1,006 1,213 1,257 1,199
Hired labor 7,276 8,592 9,192 8,377 9,004 9,776 7,883 8,857 9,540
Land tax 315 318 321 344 347 350 331 334 337
Caretaker/overseer's wages 476 562 601 204 219 238 326 366 394
Other permanent employee's salary 42 50 53 5 5 5 22 25 27
Rentals 516 645 612 297 340 337 395 475 457
Fuel & Oil 1,535 1,608 1,439 1,216 1,199 1,085 1,359 1,382 1,243
Transport cost of inputs 208 211 210 183 186 184 194 197 195
Interest payment on crop loan 622 684 752 293 322 354 441 485 534
Irrigation fee 985 1,292 1,097 487 635 512 710 929 769
Sacks and Tying materials 511 529 538 417 432 436 459 476 482
Electricity cost 37 39 35 40 39 35 39 40 36
Food expense 872 922 960 1,003 1,078 1,096 944 1,007 1,036
Repairs 1,643 1,680 1,701 1,737 1,768 1,789 1,695 1,729 1,750
NON-CASH COSTS 16,780 25,196 22,690 15,282 24,168 16,989 15,954 24,556 19,713
Seeds 260 341 290 265 346 279 263 344 285
Fertlizer 9 9 9 4 4 4 6 6 6
Pesticide 2 0 0 1 0 0
Hired labor in kind 1,148 1,356 1,451 854 918 997 986 1,108 1,193
Harvesters' share 5,318 8,966 7,832 4,964 8,908 5,541 5,123 8,927 6,648
Threshers' share 4,432 7,472 6,527 4,728 8,484 5,277 4,595 8,007 5,963
Landowner's share 2,775 3,641 3,092 2,404 3,137 2,531 2,571 3,363 2,784
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,954 2,307 2,468 720 774 840 1,273 1,430 1,540
Other permanent employee's salary 60 71 76 1 1 1 28 31 33
Rentals 668 855 768 548 715 577 602 774 661
Transport cost of inputs 19 19 19 8 8 8
Interest payment on crop loan 83 91 100 671 738 812 407 448 493
Irrigation fee 52 68 58 55 72 58 54 71 59
Sacks and Tying materials 69 71 72 38 39 40
IMPUTED COSTS 8,072 10,109 9,803 9,507 11,601 10,790 8,864 10,945 10,392
Seeds 254 333 283 322 420 339 292 382 316
Fertilizer 185 176 168 54 52 51 113 108 104
Operator labor 1,286 1,519 1,625 1,588 1,707 1,853 1,452 1,631 1,757
Family labor 1,502 1,774 1,898 1,268 1,363 1,480 1,373 1,543 1,662
Exchange labor 144 170 182 85 91 99 111 125 135
Depreciation 827 910 1,001 856 942 1,036 843 927 1,020
Interest on operating capital 986 1,450 1,434 974 1,340 1,341 979 1,396 1,393
Rental value of owned land 2,842 3,729 3,166 4,345 5,670 4,575 3,671 4,802 3,975
Fuel & Oil 17 18 16 8 8 7
Transport cost of inputs 11 11 11 a/ 0 0 5 5 5
Sacks and Tying materials 18 19 19 15 16 16 17 18 18
TOTAL COSTS 49,817 62,601 59,410 48,012 60,214 52,125 48,822 61,298 55,694
GROSS RETURNS 73,977 124,718 108,936 62,315 111,823 69,549 67,545 117,705 87,659
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 49,012 97,422 82,019 39,092 87,378 45,203 43,541 91,908 62,070
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 32,232 72,226 59,32923,810 63,210 28,214 27,587 67,352 42,357
NET RETURNS 24,159 62,117 49,526 14,303 51,609 17,424 18,723 56,407 31,965
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.48 0.99 0.83 0.30 0.86 0.33 0.38 0.92 0.57
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.33 11.08 10.22 13.44 12.26 13.77 12.39 11.68 11.79
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,397 5,651 5,813 3,571 4,911 3,786 3,942 5,250 4,723
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.82 22.07 18.74 17.45 22.77 18.37 17.14 22.42 18.56
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
33
Table 5B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Luzon, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 25,346 27,710 27,324 22,894 24,905 24,635 24,135 25,948 25,706
Seeds 2,086 2,735 2,322 1,911 3,060 2,469 2,000 2,621 2,170
Fertilizer 6,707 6,234 5,941 5,661 5,365 5,230 6,190 5,793 5,588
Pesticides 1,280 1,337 1,274 1,176 1,133 1,028 1,229 1,274 1,216
Hired labor 7,348 8,677 9,283 8,378 9,005 9,777 7,857 8,827 9,508
Land tax 324 327 330 289 292 295 307 310 313
Caretaker/overseer's wages 483 570 610 268 288 313 377 424 457
Other permanent employee's salary 44 52 56 7 8 9 25 28 30
Rentals 539 673 639 272 317 324 407 488 472
Fuel and Oil 1,536 1,609 1,440 1,214 1,197 1,083 1,377 1,400 1,259
Transport cost of inputs 214 217 216 135 137 135 175 178 176
Interest payment on crop loan 649 714 785 327 360 396 490 539 593
Irrigation fee 1,027 1,347 1,144 640 1,025 827 836 1,095 906
Sacks and tying materials 527 546 556 396 410 413 462 479 485
Electricity cost 39 41 37 37 36 33 38 39 35
Food expense 897 948 987 863 928 943 880 938 965
Repairs 1,646 1,683 1,704 1,320 1,344 1,360 1,485 1,515 1,533
NON-CASH COSTS 16,890 25,340 22,808 14,545 23,934 17,184 15,731 24,199 19,749
Seeds 269 353 300 306 490 395 288 377 312
Fertilizer a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Pesticides a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Hired labor in kind 1,136 1,342 1,436 1,048 1,126 1,223 1,092 1,227 1,322
Harvesters' share 5,443 9,132 7,976 4,448 8,089 5,120 4,951 8,635 6,566
Threshers' share 4,522 7,587 6,626 4,768 8,671 5,488 4,644 8,100 6,159
Landowner's share 2,667 3,497 2,969 1,988 3,183 2,568 2,331 3,054 2,528
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,921 2,269 2,427 931 1,001 1,087 1,432 1,609 1,733
Other permanent employee's salary 62 73 78 2 2 2 32 36 39
Rentals 698 893 803 361 578 466 531 680 587
Transport cost of inputs 19 19 19 10 10 10
Interest payment on crop loan 86 95 105 569 626 689 325 358 394
Irrigation fee 55 72 61 72 115 93 63 83 69
Sacks and tying materials 51 53 53 25 26 26
IMPUTED COSTS 8,203 10,285 9,982 8,729 12,010 10,984 8,463 10,476 9,957
Seeds 260 341 290 275 440 355 268 351 291
Fertilizer 116 111 106 32 31 30 74 71 69
Operator labor 1,321 1,560 1,669 1,391 1,495 1,623 1,355 1,522 1,639
Family labor 1,564 1,847 1,976 1,216 1,307 1,419 1,392 1,564 1,685
Exchange labor 150 177 189 95 102 111 123 138 149
Depreciation 847 932 1,025 656 722 794 753 828 911
Interest on operating capital 998 1,468 1,453 981 1,386 1,382 990 1,415 1,411
Rental value of owned land 2,897 3,799 3,226 4,064 6,508 5,251 3,474 4,552 3,768
Fuel and Oil 18 19 17 9 9 8
Transport cost of inputs 11 11 11 a/ 0 0 6 6 6
Sacks and tying materials 19 20 20 18 19 19 19 20 20
TOTAL COSTS 50,439 63,335 60,114 46,168 60,849 52,803 48,328 60,623 55,412
GROSS RETURNS 74,471 124,938 109,123 62,915 114,419 72,415 68,760 119,925 91,185
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 49,124 97,228 81,799 40,020 89,514 47,780 44,626 93,977 65,479
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 32,234 71,888 58,99125,476 65,580 30,596 28,895 69,778 45,730
NET RETURNS 24,032 61,603 49,009 16,747 53,570 19,612 20,432 59,302 35,773
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.48 0.97 0.82 0.36 0.88 0.37 0.42 0.98 0.65
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.40 11.19 10.32 10.44 12.11 13.39 12.03 11.33 11.28
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,424 5,661 5,823 4,424 5,025 3,942 4,018 5,349 4,913
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.83 22.07 18.74 14.22 22.77 18.37 17.11 22.42 18.56
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
34
Table 5C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Luzon, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 16,123 17,740 17,561 24,270 25,485 25,454 23,262 24,974 24,953
Seeds 1,527 2,034 1,727 1,998 2,618 2,112 1,939 2,517 2,084
Fertilizer 3,421 3,261 3,110 5,128 4,861 4,733 4,919 4,730 4,561
Pesticides 1,532 1,600 1,525 1,072 1,033 937 1,129 1,170 1,116
Hired labor 5,600 6,613 7,075 8,376 9,003 9,775 8,033 9,025 9,721
Land tax 116 117 118 520 525 530 470 475 480
Caretaker/overseer's wages 308 364 389 38 43 46
Rentals 378 459 417 331 406 374
Fuel & Oil 1,531 1,604 1,435 1,222 1,205 1,090 1,260 1,281 1,152
Transport cost of inputs 73 74 74 335 340 336 302 307 304
Interest payment on crop loan 187 206 227 164 180 198
Sacks and Tying materials 161 167 170 484 501 505 444 460 466
Electricity cost 48 47 43 42 43 39
Food expense 286 302 314 1,453 1,562 1,587 1,309 1,396 1,436
Repairs 1,569 1,604 1,624 3,069 3,125 3,162 2,883 2,941 2,976
NON-CASH COSTS 14,240 23,540 21,044 17,637 26,866 17,735 17,217 25,544 17,668
Seeds 50 67 57 134 176 142 124 161 133
Fertilizer 4 4 4 12 12 12
Hired labor in kind 1,419 6,610 5,788 234 252 274 381 428 461
Harvesters' share 2,419 3,355 2,938 6,615 11,075 6,356 6,096 9,979 5,937
Threshers' share 2,347 3,255 2,850 4,600 7,701 4,420 4,322 7,075 4,209
Landowner's share 5,298 7,056 5,991 3,733 4,891 3,946 3,926 5,097 4,219
Caretaker/overseers wages 2,707 3,197 3,420 43 46 50 373 419 451
Rentals 1,142 1,496 1,207 1,001 1,299 1,075
Interest payment on crop loan 996 1,096 1,206 873 960 1,056
Sacks and Tying materials 125 129 130 110 114 115
IMPUTED COSTS 5,053 5,956 5,623 11,995 14,530 13,588 11,136 13,583 12,844
Seeds 114 152 129 470 616 497 426 553 458
Fertilizer 1,774 1,663 1,587 126 116 113 330 304 293
Operator labor 469 554 593 2,218 2,384 2,588 2,002 2,249 2,422
Family labor 82 97 104 1,435 1,542 1,674 1,267 1,423 1,533
Exchange labor 6 7 7 51 55 60 45 51 55
Depreciation 364 400 440 1,495 1,645 1,810 1,355 1,491 1,640
Interest on operating capital 692 1,016 1,008 950 1,295 1,296 918 1,291 1,292
Rental value of owned land 1,552 2,067 1,755 5,245 6,871 5,544 4,788 6,216 5,146
Sacks and Tying materials 6 6 6 5 5 5
TOTAL COSTS 35,417 47,236 44,228 53,902 66,881 56,777 51,616 64,101 55,465
GROSS RETURNS 62,533 86,735 75,953 60,399 101,122 58,031 60,663 99,298 59,076
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 46,410 68,995 58,392 36,128 75,637 32,577 37,400 74,324 34,123
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 32,169 45,455 37,348 18,491 48,771 14,842 20,183 48,780 16,455
NET RETURNS 27,116 39,499 31,725 6,496 34,241 1,254 9,047 35,197 3,611
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.77 0.84 0.72 0.12 0.51 0.02 0.18 0.55 0.07
Cost per kilogram (P) 9.38 12.02 10.91 15.51 15.06 17.97 14.70 14.47 17.43
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,775 3,930 4,053 3,475 4,441 3,159 3,512 4,429 3,183
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.57 22.07 18.74 17.38 22.77 18.37 17.27 22.42 18.56
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
35
Table 6A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, CALABARZON, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 21,122 22,639 22,914 17,915 19,190 19,372 19,416 20,814 21,017
Seeds 871 1,103 908 838 1,020 840 854 1,062 874
Fertilizer 4,488 4,339 4,176 4,232 4,016 3,892 4,352 4,169 4,025
Pesticides 1,536 1,487 1,499 1,291 1,347 1,309 1,406 1,421 1,392
Hired labor 8,988 10,104 10,804 8,480 9,539 10,199 8,717 9,802 10,480
Land tax 248 250 253 113 114 115 176 178 180
Caretaker/overseer's wages 130 146 156 3 3 3 62 70 75
Rentals 310 349 373 178 203 207 239 271 284
Fuel & Oil 820 869 759 530 518 442 666 678 586
Transport cost of inputs 58 59 59 93 94 93 77 78 77
Interest payment on crop loan 158 174 191 180 198 218 170 187 206
Irrigation fee 439 556 458 429 522 430 434 539 444
Sacks and Tying materials 311 324 330 276 287 287 293 305 308
Electricity cost 9 10 9 12 12 10 10 10 9
Food expense 334 354 371 280 301 304 305 326 335
Repairs 2,418 2,509 2,562 981 1,016 1,023 1,653 1,715 1,739
Other costs 6 6 6 3 3 3
NON-CASH COSTS 18,935 21,374 18,539 16,362 19,916 16,438 17,567 20,587 17,452
Seeds 518 656 540 731 890 733 631 784 645
Fertilizer 9 9 9 11 11 11 10 10 10
Hired labor in kind 853 959 1,025 1,009 1,135 1,214 936 1,053 1,126
Harvesters' share 4,750 4,833 4,223 4,105 5,095 3,924 4,407 4,964 4,081
Threshers' share 4,778 4,861 4,248 3,987 4,949 3,812 4,357 4,908 4,035
Landowner's share 5,362 6,793 5,593 4,777 5,817 4,789 5,051 6,278 5,167
Caretaker/overseers wages 430 483 516 683 768 821 565 635 679
Rentals 1,629 2,059 1,705 577 693 598 1,069 1,321 1,106
Interest payment on crop loan 284 312 343 250 275 303 266 293 322
Irrigation fee 323 409 337 232 283 233 274 341 281
IMPUTED COSTS 6,175 7,305 7,380 6,570 7,627 7,972 6,385 7,474 7,692
Seeds 338 428 352 268 326 268 301 374 308
Fertilizer 145 141 136 21 21 21 79 77 75
Pesticides 27 26 26 5 5 5 16 16 16
Operator labor 1,880 2,113 2,259 2,449 2,755 2,946 2,183 2,455 2,625
Family labor 1,247 1,402 1,499 1,508 1,696 1,813 1,386 1,559 1,667
Exchange labor 146 164 175 216 243 260 183 206 220
Depreciation 626 689 758 1,007 1,108 1,219 829 912 1,003
Interest on operating capital 910 1,264 1,287 850 1,177 1,196 878 1,219 1,238
Rental value of owned land 843 1,068 879 238 290 239 521 648 533
Fuel & Oil 7 7 6 5 5 4 6 6 5
Transport cost of inputs 2 2 2 a/ 0 0 1 1 1
Sacks and Tying materials 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
TOTAL COSTS 46,232 51,318 48,833 40,847 46,733 43,782 43,368 48,875 46,161
GROSS RETURNS 63,477 64,580 56,431 53,124 65,940 50,785 57,971 65,301 53,689
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 42,355 41,941 33,517 35,209 46,750 31,413 38,555 44,487 32,672
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 23,420 20,567 14,978 18,847 26,834 14,975 20,988 23,900 15,220
NET RETURNS 17,245 13,262 7,598 12,277 19,207 7,003 14,603 16,426 7,528
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.37 0.26 0.16 0.30 0.41 0.16 0.34 0.34 0.16
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.84 14.98 13.43 11.79 13.24 13.26 11.30 14.05 13.28
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,265 3,426 3,636 3,464 3,530 3,302 3,839 3,479 3,475
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.88 18.85 15.52 15.34 18.68 15.38 15.10 18.77 15.45
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
36
Table 6B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, CALABARZON, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 22,699 24,324 24,590 19,646 20,989 21,111 21,196 22,692 22,865
Seeds 977 1,235 1,017 1,032 1,260 1,037 1,004 1,250 1,029
Fertilizer 4,936 4,771 4,590 4,881 4,596 4,452 4,909 4,684 4,523
Pesticides 1,655 1,602 1,614 1,445 1,507 1,464 1,552 1,568 1,537
Hired labor 9,561 10,748 11,493 8,931 10,046 10,741 9,251 10,403 11,123
Land tax 269 272 275 96 97 98 184 186 188
Caretaker/overseer's wages 129 145 155 3 3 3 67 75 80
Rentals 339 381 407 137 154 165 240 270 289
Fuel & Oil 856 908 793 601 587 501 730 743 642
Transport cost of inputs 55 56 56 55 56 55 55 56 55
Interest payment on crop loan 176 194 213 227 250 275 201 221 243
Irrigation fee 502 635 523 573 700 576 537 668 550
Sacks and Tying materials 312 325 331 273 284 284 293 305 308
Electricity cost 10 11 10 5 5 4
Food expense 304 322 337 153 165 167 229 245 252
Repairs 2,619 2,718 2,775 1,239 1,284 1,293 1,940 2,012 2,041
Other costs 1 1 1 1 1 1
NON-CASH COSTS 20,008 23,131 19,768 17,272 21,389 17,636 18,661 22,251 18,721
Seeds 446 564 464 646 789 650 544 677 557
Hired labor in kind 879 988 1,056 1,109 1,248 1,334 992 1,116 1,193
Harvesters' share 5,133 5,542 4,684 4,459 5,714 4,385 4,801 5,612 4,539
Threshers' share 5,245 5,663 4,786 4,305 5,517 4,234 4,783 5,591 4,522
Landowner's share 5,291 6,689 5,507 4,737 5,783 4,761 5,018 6,246 5,141
Caretaker/overseers wages 491 552 590 914 1,028 1,099 699 786 840
Rentals 1,830 2,312 1,906 600 720 629 1,224 1,515 1,267
Interest payment on crop loan 324 356 392 193 212 233 259 285 314
Irrigation fee 368 465 383 310 378 311 340 423 348
IMPUTED COSTS 6,027 7,173 7,204 4,902 5,763 6,039 5,473 6,471 6,622
Seeds 350 443 365 195 238 196 274 341 281
Fertilizer 155 151 145 18 18 17 88 86 83
Pesticides 30 29 29 7 7 7 19 19 19
Operator labor 1,758 1,976 2,113 1,923 2,163 2,313 1,839 2,068 2,211
Family labor 1,111 1,249 1,336 771 867 927 943 1,060 1,133
Exchange labor 74 83 89 72 81 87 73 82 88
Depreciation 634 697 767 914 1,005 1,106 772 849 934
Interest on operating capital 981 1,368 1,390 933 1,300 1,317 958 1,336 1,354
Rental value of owned land 924 1,168 962 63 77 63 500 622 512
Fuel & Oil 8 8 7 6 6 5 7 7 6
Sacks and Tying materials 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
TOTAL COSTS 48,734 54,628 51,562 41,820 48,141 44,786 45,331 51,414 48,208
GROSS RETURNS 68,250 73,685 62,282 55,551 71,189 54,630 61,999 72,471 58,617
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 45,551 49,361 37,692 35,904 50,200 33,519 40,803 49,779 35,752
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 25,544 26,230 17,924 18,633 28,811 15,883 22,142 27,528 17,031
NET RETURNS 19,516 19,057 10,720 13,730 23,048 9,844 16,668 21,057 10,409
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.40 0.35 0.21 0.33 0.48 0.22 0.37 0.41 0.22
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.64 13.97 12.85 11.52 12.63 12.61 11.02 13.32 12.71
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,579 3,909 4,013 3,630 3,811 3,552 4,112 3,861 3,794
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.91 18.85 15.52 15.30 18.68 15.38 15.08 18.77 15.45
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
37
Table 6C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, CALABARZON, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 9,956 4,799 4,654 12,782 5,381 5,062 11,930 5,214 4,951
Seeds 123 160 132 262 317 261 220 271 223
Fertilizer 1,314 1,265 1,239 2,310 2,296 2,226 2,009 1,994 1,934
Pesticides 690 94 99 834 135 122 790 119 114
Hired labor 4,929 227 127 7,141 281 156 6,474 264 147
Land tax 98 99 100 167 169 171 146 147 148
Caretaker/overseer's wages 135 152 163 41 46 49
Rentals 102 115 123 297 345 330 238 277 268
Fuel & Oil 564 598 522 321 313 267 394 401 346
Transport cost of inputs 80 81 80 206 209 206 168 170 168
Interest payment on crop loan 32 35 39 41 45 50 38 42 46
Sacks and Tying materials 306 318 324 286 297 297 292 304 307
Electricity cost 47 46 39 32 33 29
Food expense 549 582 610 655 705 712 623 666 685
Repairs 991 1,028 1,050 215 223 225 449 466 473
Others costs 43 45 46 13 14 14
NON-CASH COSTS 11,338 13,806 12,941 13,665 16,154 13,028 12,963 15,109 12,960
Seeds 1,026 1,333 1,097 985 1,190 980 997 1,228 1,011
Fertilizer 73 71 70 45 44 43 54 53 51
Hired labor in kind 669 752 804 711 800 855 698 785 839
Harvesters' share 2,043 2,219 2,597 3,056 3,571 2,638 2,750 3,015 2,594
Threshers' share 1,466 1,592 1,863 3,043 3,556 2,627 2,567 2,814 2,421
Landowner's share 5,861 7,614 6,269 4,896 5,916 4,871 5,187 6,388 5,258
Rentals 200 225 241 510 616 507 416 505 433
Interest payment on crop loan 419 461 507 292 321 353
IMPUTED COSTS 7,221 7,900 8,272 11,514 12,641 13,148 10,219 11,220 11,684
Seeds 256 333 274 487 588 484 417 514 423
Fertilizer 76 74 73 30 29 28 44 43 42
Pesticides 9 9 9 3 3 3
Operator labor 2,746 3,087 3,301 4,009 4,510 4,822 3,628 4,080 4,362
Family labor 2,215 2,490 2,663 3,695 4,157 4,445 3,248 3,652 3,905
Exchange labor 662 744 796 644 724 774 650 731 782
Depreciation 568 625 688 1,283 1,411 1,552 1,067 1,174 1,291
Interest on operating capital 404 172 164 604 302 285 544 263 249
Rental value of owned land 270 351 289 759 917 755 612 754 621
Transport cost of inputs 15 15 15 1 1 1 5 5 5
Sacks and Tying materials a/ 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1
TOTAL COSTS 28,515 26,505 25,867 37,961 34,176 31,238 35,112 31,543 29,595
GROSS RETURNS 29,677 32,234 37,729 45,929 53,668 39,650 41,028 44,973 38,687
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 19,721 27,435 33,075 33,147 48,287 34,588 29,098 39,759 33,736
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 8,383 13,629 20,134 19,482 32,133 21,560 16,135 24,650 20,776
NET RETURNS 1,162 5,729 11,862 7,969 19,492 8,412 5,916 13,430 9,092
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.04 0.22 0.46 0.21 0.57 0.27 0.17 0.43 0.31
Cost per kilogram (P) 13.95 15.50 10.64 12.77 11.90 12.12 13.04 13.16 11.82
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,045 1,710 2,431 2,972 2,873 2,578 2,692 2,396 2,504
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.51 18.85 15.52 15.46 18.68 15.38 15.24 18.77 15.45
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
38
Table 7A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 20,337 21,508 21,807 23,811 25,708 25,882 22,392 23,924 24,150
Seeds 1,159 1,323 1,192 1,638 1,872 1,584 1,442 1,641 1,433
Fertilizer 5,287 5,187 5,083 5,235 5,246 5,072 5,256 5,216 5,075
Pesticides 1,669 1,718 1,667 1,952 1,946 1,872 1,836 1,855 1,766
Hired labor 6,915 7,669 8,203 9,222 10,569 11,301 8,280 9,328 9,976
Land tax 248 250 253 159 161 163 195 197 199
Caretaker/overseer's wages 2 2 2 76 87 93 46 52 56
Rentals 347 390 381 173 198 180 243 276 261
Fuel & Oil 1,352 1,419 1,354 1,348 1,383 1,310 1,350 1,401 1,332
Transport cost of inputs 102 103 101 197 196 193 158 158 155
Interest payment on crop loan 647 712 783 695 765 842 675 743 817
Irrigation fee 218 249 224 280 320 271 255 290 253
Sacks and Tying materials 467 487 499 559 586 588 522 545 553
Food expense 657 701 735 699 760 765 682 735 755
Repairs 1,267 1,298 1,330 1,570 1,612 1,641 1,446 1,483 1,515
Others costs 7 7 7 4 4 4
NON-CASH COSTS 14,518 16,091 14,944 14,068 16,525 14,637 14,252 16,245 14,728
Seeds 777 887 799 906 1,035 876 854 972 849
Fertilizer 127 119 117 38 38 37 75 73 71
Pesticides 58 59 57 4 4 4 26 26 25
Hired labor in kind 1,039 1,152 1,232 1,114 1,277 1,365 1,083 1,220 1,305
Harvesters' share 2,647 2,861 2,563 2,482 3,001 2,510 2,549 2,933 2,536
Threshers' share 3,333 3,602 3,226 4,498 5,439 4,549 4,022 4,628 4,002
Landowner's shares 4,193 4,786 4,313 2,503 2,860 2,419 3,193 3,634 3,172
Caretaker/overseers wages 837 928 993 1,096 1,256 1,343 990 1,115 1,192
Other permanent employee's salary 37 41 44 194 222 237 130 146 156
Rentals 505 574 528 810 925 802 686 780 696
Interest payment on crop loan 444 488 537 354 389 428 391 430 473
Irrigation fee 520 594 535 69 79 67 253 288 251
IMPUTED COSTS 8,268 9,574 9,525 9,628 11,241 10,632 9,073 10,522 10,192
Seeds 252 288 260 30 34 29 120 137 120
Fertilizer 164 164 159 96 94 92
Pesticides 22 23 22 2 2 2 10 2 2
Operator labor 2,050 2,273 2,431 1,323 1,516 1,621 1,620 1,825 1,952
Family labor 1,051 1,166 1,247 969 1,111 1,188 1,002 1,129 1,207
Exchange labor 86 95 102 112 128 137 102 115 123
Depreciation 668 735 809 816 898 988 755 831 914
Interest on operating capital 861 1,261 1,278 1,034 1,483 1,494 963 1,389 1,400
Rental value of owned land 3,182 3,632 3,273 5,060 5,782 4,891 4,293 4,885 4,265
Fuel & Oil 3 3 3 2 2 2
Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 5 5 5 3 3 3
Sacks and Tying materials 97 101 103 110 115 115 105 110 112
TOTAL COSTS 43,123 47,173 46,276 47,508 53,474 51,151 45,717 50,691 49,070
GROSS RETURNS 65,138 70,403 63,063 62,805 75,952 63,525 63,758 73,362 63,443
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 44,800 48,895 41,256 38,994 50,244 37,643 41,366 49,438 39,293
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 30,283 32,804 26,312 24,925 33,719 23,006 27,114 33,193 24,565
NET RETURNS 22,015 23,230 16,787 15,297 22,478 12,374 18,041 22,671 14,373
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.51 0.49 0.36 0.32 0.42 0.24 0.39 0.45 0.29
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.81 12.48 12.32 12.89 13.71 13.26 12.00 13.16 12.86
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,991 3,779 3,756 3,685 3,901 3,857 3,810 3,851 3,815
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.32 18.63 16.79 17.04 19.47 16.47 16.74 19.05 16.63
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
39
Table 7B. Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 22,422 23,740 24,488 26,476 28,619 29,041 24,405 26,098 26,653
Seeds 1,315 1,482 1,336 1,558 1,776 1,502 1,434 1,628 1,421
Fertilizer 5,814 5,741 5,625 5,652 5,700 5,512 5,735 5,722 5,567
Pesticides 1,818 1,870 1,815 2,296 2,289 2,202 2,052 2,074 1,974
Hired labor 7,502 8,320 8,899 10,192 11,681 12,490 8,818 9,934 10,624
Land tax 244 246 248 152 154 156 199 201 203
Caretaker/overseer's wages 2 2 2 88 101 108 44 50 53
Rentals 409 458 447 252 287 258 331 374 353
Fuel and Oil 1,563 1,641 1,565 1,380 1,415 1,341 1,474 1,530 1,455
Transport cost of inputs 113 114 111 271 269 265 191 191 187
Interest payment on crop loan 767 844 928 676 744 818 722 794 873
Irrigation fee 264 298 269 511 582 492 385 437 382
Sacks and tying materials 514 536 549 573 600 602 543 567 575
Food expense 644 687 720 640 695 699 642 691 709
Repairs 1,454 1,490 1,527 2,222 2,282 2,323 1,830 1,877 1,917
Others costs 14 15 15 7 7 7
NON-CASH COSTS 15,258 16,712 15,582 13,137 15,561 13,705 14,220 16,136 14,618
Seeds 675 761 686 991 1,130 956 830 942 822
Fertilizer 153 144 142 64 64 62 109 106 103
Pesticides 71 73 71 7 7 7 40 40 38
Hired labor in kind 1,141 1,265 1,353 1,344 1,540 1,647 1,240 1,397 1,494
Harvesters' share 2,676 2,848 2,552 2,224 2,727 2,252 2,455 2,805 2,411
Threshers' share 3,574 3,804 3,408 4,499 5,516 4,555 4,026 4,600 3,953
Landowner's share 4,145 4,671 4,210 2,274 2,592 2,193 3,230 3,667 3,201
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,012 1,122 1,200 908 1,041 1,113 961 1,083 1,158
Other permanent employee's salary 41 45 48 354 406 434 194 219 234
Rentals 610 687 632 296 338 302 456 517 466
Interest payment on crop loan 531 584 642 51 56 62 296 326 359
Irrigation fee 628 708 638 126 144 122 382 434 379
IMPUTED COSTS 8,190 6,306 5,962 11,329 11,067 9,883 9,726 8,626 7,912
Seeds 271 305 275 7 8 7 142 161 141
Fertilizer 288 290 280 140 136 132
Pesticides 26 32 31 14 12 11
Operator labor 2,024 101 65 1,180 79 37 1,611 94 51
Family labor 868 48 31 765 55 26 817 52 28
Exchange labor 104 6 4 18 1 1 62 4 2
Depreciation 685 754 829 875 963 1,059 778 856 942
Interest on operating capital 943 1,384 1,401 1,129 1,628 1,642 1,034 1,502 1,514
Rental value of owned land 3,166 3,568 3,215 6,906 7,872 6,659 4,995 5,671 4,951
Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 5 5 5 2 2 2
Sacks and tying materials 104 108 111 158 166 167 130 136 138
TOTAL COSTS 45,870 46,758 46,032 50,942 55,247 52,629 48,351 50,860 49,183
GROSS RETURNS 70,821 75,377 67,529 66,231 81,209 67,066 68,576 78,353 67,335
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 48,399 51,637 43,041 39,755 52,590 38,025 44,171 52,255 40,682
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 33,141 34,925 27,459 26,618 37,029 24,320 29,950 36,119 26,064
NET RETURNS 24,950 28,619 21,497 15,289 25,962 14,437 20,225 27,493 18,152
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.54 0.61 0.47 0.30 0.47 0.27 0.42 0.54 0.37
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.71 11.56 11.45 13.14 13.25 12.92 11.83 12.37 12.15
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,285 4,046 4,022 3,878 4,171 4,072 4,086 4,113 4,049
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.53 18.63 16.79 17.08 19.47 16.47 16.78 19.05 16.63
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
40
Table 7C. Non-Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 10,369 10,836 11,065 20,594 21,998 22,126 18,460 19,790 20,022
Seeds 409 519 468 1,735 1,987 1,681 1,458 1,671 1,459
Fertilizer 2,768 2,603 2,549 4,733 4,784 4,628 4,323 4,218 4,107
Pesticides 954 982 953 1,536 1,531 1,473 1,415 1,430 1,361
Hired labor 4,112 4,506 4,820 8,051 8,916 9,533 7,229 8,218 8,789
Land tax 269 272 275 167 169 171 189 191 193
Caretaker/overseer's wages 63 72 77 50 56 60
Rentals 52 58 62 76 87 83 72 82 80
Fuel & Oil 346 363 346 1,310 1,344 1,273 1,109 1,151 1,094
Transport cost of inputs 47 47 46 107 106 104 94 94 92
Interest payment on crop loan 75 83 91 718 790 869 584 642 706
Sacks and Tying materials 245 255 261 543 569 571 481 502 509
Food expense 721 769 806 771 838 843 761 820 842
Repairs 370 379 388 784 805 820 697 715 730
NON-CASH COSTS 10,977 14,563 13,039 15,193 17,425 15,488 14,313 16,436 14,888
Seeds 1,266 1,606 1,447 803 920 778 900 1,032 901
Fertilizer 8 8 8 7 7 7
Hired labor in kind 551 611 654 835 957 1,023 776 874 935
Harvesters' share 2,506 3,573 3,114 2,794 3,222 2,744 2,734 3,171 2,757
Threshers' share 2,181 3,109 2,709 4,497 5,186 4,416 4,014 4,656 4,048
Landowner's share 4,422 5,608 5,054 2,779 3,183 2,692 3,122 3,578 3,124
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,324 1,517 1,622 1,048 1,181 1,263
Other permanent employee's salary 21 23 25 4 5 5
Rentals 1,431 1,639 1,412 1,133 1,297 1,149
Interest payment on crop loan 30 33 36 721 793 793 577 635 699
IMPUTED COSTS 8,639 10,265 10,233 7,575 8,877 8,689 7,797 9,053 8,955
Seeds 160 203 183 57 65 55 78 89 78
Fertilizer 14 14 14 12 12 12
Pesticides 5 0 0 4 0 0
Operator labor 2,173 2,410 2,578 1,496 1,715 1,834 1,637 1,844 1,972
Family labor 1,924 2,134 2,283 1,215 1,393 1,490 1,363 1,536 1,643
Exchange labor 2 2 2 226 259 277 179 202 216
Depreciation 586 645 710 744 818 900 711 782 860
Interest on operating capital 472 674 686 920 1,301 1,307 827 1,172 1,182
Rental value of owned land 3,259 4,133 3,725 2,832 3,243 2,743 2,921 3,348 2,923
Fuel & Oil 7 7 7 6 6 6
Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 6 6 6 5 5 5
Sacks and Tying materials 61 64 66 53 56 56 55 57 58
TOTAL COSTS 29,985 35,664 34,337 43,362 48,300 46,303 40,571 45,279 43,865
GROSS RETURNS 37,959 54,120 47,163 58,668 67,658 57,612 54,347 63,036 54,812
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 27,590 43,284 36,098 38,074 45,660 35,486 35,887 43,246 34,790
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 16,613 28,721 23,059 22,881 28,235 19,998 21,574 26,810 19,902
NET RETURNS 7,974 18,456 12,826 15,306 19,358 11,309 13,777 17,757 10,947
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.27 0.52 0.37 0.35 0.40 0.24 0.34 0.39 0.25
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.61 12.28 12.22 12.56 13.90 13.24 12.41 13.68 13.31
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,583 2,905 2,809 3,451 3,475 3,498 3,270 3,309 3,296
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.69 18.63 16.79 17.00 19.47 16.47 16.62 19.05 16.63
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
41
Table 8A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Bicol Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 15,440 15,704 15,952 15,267 16,708 16,884 15,356 16,186 16,367
Seeds 926 1,042 938 1,013 1,229 944 968 1,132 941
Fertilizer 3,680 3,383 3,290 3,441 3,159 3,037 3,564 3,274 3,166
Pesticides 702 683 644 758 774 695 729 726 638
Hired labor 6,471 6,729 7,137 6,729 7,975 8,616 6,597 7,330 7,848
Land tax 135 136 137 112 113 114 124 125 126
Caretaker/overseer's wages 29 31 33 24 27 29 26 28 30
Rentals 861 917 972 768 860 929 816 891 954
Fuel & Oil 316 333 302 266 276 251 291 304 276
Transport cost of inputs 137 138 137 130 129 130 134 134 134
Interest payment on crop loan 52 57 63 47 52 57 49 54 59
Irrigation fee 142 160 144 138 167 128 140 164 136
Sacks and Tying materials 402 423 432 392 413 412 397 418 422
Electricity cost 17 18 16 3 3 3 10 10 9
Food expense 671 725 761 744 810 806 707 767 784
Repairs 884 910 927 692 713 725 791 815 830
Other costs 18 19 19 8 8 8 13 14 14
NON-CASH COSTS 8,747 10,967 10,103 9,381 12,831 10,230 9,056 11,871 10,173
Seeds 564 634 571 550 667 512 557 652 542
Fertilizer 14 12 12 41 35 34 27 24 23
Hired labor in kind 451 480 509 338 379 409 396 433 464
Harvesters' share 1,952 2,877 2,550 1,814 2,996 2,186 1,885 2,943 2,367
Threshers' share 1,552 2,288 2,028 1,897 3,133 2,286 1,720 2,685 2,160
Landowner's share 2,502 2,814 2,533 2,860 3,470 2,666 2,677 3,131 2,603
Caretaker/overseers wages 465 495 525 415 465 502 441 482 516
Rentals 789 860 853 993 1,148 1,096 889 999 970
Interest payment on crop loan 297 327 360 345 380 418 320 352 387
Irrigation fee 160 180 162 130 158 121 145 170 141
IMPUTED COSTS 7,990 8,838 8,870 8,161 9,513 9,380 8,073 9,173 9,093
Seeds 117 132 119 134 163 125 125 146 121
Fertilizer 13 11 11 8 7 7 10 9 9
Pesticides 1 0 0 1 0 0
Operator labor 1,815 1,933 2,050 2,189 2,452 2,649 1,997 2,182 2,336
Family labor 2,430 2,588 2,745 2,650 2,968 3,206 2,537 2,772 2,968
Exchange labor 45 48 51 43 48 52 44 48 51
Depreciation 366 403 443 378 416 458 372 409 450
Interest on operating capital 675 879 890 684 944 950 679 910 915
Rental value of owned land 2,521 2,836 2,553 2,068 2,509 1,927 2,300 2,690 2,236
Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Sacks and Tying materials 8 8 8 6 6 6 7 7 7
TOTAL COSTS 32,177 35,509 34,925 32,809 39,052 36,494 32,485 37,230 35,633
GROSS RETURNS 43,611 64,282 56,965 43,704 72,185 52,679 43,656 68,151 54,819
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 28,171 48,578 41,013 28,437 55,477 35,795 28,300 51,965 38,452
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 19,424 37,611 30,910 19,056 42,646 25,565 19,244 40,094 28,279
NET RETURNS 11,434 28,773 22,040 10,895 33,133 16,185 11,172 30,921 19,186
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.36 0.81 0.63 0.33 0.85 0.44 0.34 0.83 0.54
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.22 9.45 9.44 11.50 10.06 9.89 11.36 9.75 9.65
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,867 3,757 3,699 2,852 3,883 3,689 2,860 3,818 3,694
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.21 17.11 15.40 15.32 18.59 14.28 15.26 17.85 14.84
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
42
Table 8B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Bicol Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 17,807 18,424 18,746 17,400 18,649 18,870 17,606 18,532 18,769
Seeds 839 952 857 884 1,078 828 861 1,014 843
Fertilizer 4,101 3,868 3,762 3,775 3,533 3,394 3,940 3,701 3,578
Pesticides 798 776 732 865 884 795 831 827 726
Hired labor 7,749 8,253 8,753 8,123 9,099 9,830 7,934 8,669 9,282
Land tax 112 113 114 103 104 105 108 109 110
Caretaker/overseer's wages 23 24 25 13 15 16 18 20 21
Rentals 842 897 950 647 725 783 746 816 872
Fuel and Oil 406 428 388 283 294 267 345 361 327
Transport cost of inputs 149 150 149 141 140 142 145 145 145
Interest payment on crop loan 89 98 108 81 89 98 85 94 103
Irrigation fee 291 330 297 277 338 260 284 334 278
Sacks and tying materials 391 411 420 413 435 433 402 423 427
Electricity cost 26 27 24 6 6 5 16 17 15
Food expense 916 990 1,039 1,131 1,232 1,226 1,022 1,109 1,133
Repairs 1,045 1,075 1,095 639 659 670 844 869 885
Other costs 30 32 33 17 18 18 23 24 24
NON-CASH COSTS 9,390 11,553 10,651 9,948 13,291 10,673 9,666 12,400 10,658
Seeds 620 703 633 569 694 533 595 701 583
Fertilizer 1 1 1 16 13 12 9 7 7
Hired labor in kind 537 572 607 471 528 570 504 551 590
Harvesters' share 2,383 3,351 2,996 1,988 3,159 2,333 2,188 3,271 2,659
Threshers' share 1,248 1,755 1,569 1,678 2,666 1,969 1,460 2,183 1,774
Landowner's share 2,802 3,179 2,861 2,992 3,650 2,804 2,895 3,409 2,834
Caretaker/overseers wages 297 316 335 252 282 305 275 300 321
Rentals 664 742 696 1,088 1,285 1,136 873 1,003 911
Interest payment on crop loan 509 560 616 634 697 767 571 628 691
Irrigation fee 330 374 337 260 317 244 295 347 288
IMPUTED COSTS 7,424 8,277 8,335 8,008 9,293 9,367 7,712 8,775 8,798
Seeds 146 166 149 218 266 204 181 213 177
Fertilizer 12 9 9 6 4 4
Pesticides 2 0 0 1 0 0
Operator labor 1,675 1,784 1,892 2,374 2,659 2,873 2,020 2,207 2,363
Family labor 2,215 2,359 2,502 2,745 3,075 3,322 2,477 2,706 2,897
Exchange labor 40 43 46 82 92 99 61 67 72
Depreciation 427 470 517 418 460 506 422 464 510
Interest on operating capital 773 1,023 1,038 782 1,051 1,062 777 1,036 1,045
Rental value of owned land 2,123 2,409 2,168 1,376 1,678 1,289 1,754 2,065 1,717
Transport cost of inputs a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Sacks and tying materials 13 14 14 11 12 12 12 13 13
TOTAL COSTS 34,621 38,254 37,732 35,355 41,233 38,910 34,984 39,707 38,225
GROSS RETURNS 49,598 69,757 62,370 48,694 77,372 57,149 49,151 73,488 59,731
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 31,790 51,333 43,624 31,294 58,723 38,279 31,545 54,956 40,962
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 22,400 39,780 32,973 21,346 45,432 27,606 21,880 42,556 30,304
NET RETURNS 14,977 31,503 24,638 13,339 36,139 18,239 14,168 33,781 21,506
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.43 0.82 0.65 0.38 0.88 0.47 0.40 0.85 0.56
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.53 9.38 9.32 11.06 9.91 9.72 10.79 9.64 9.50
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,289 4,077 4,050 3,196 4,162 4,002 3,243 4,117 4,025
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.08 17.11 15.40 15.24 18.59 14.28 15.16 17.85 14.84
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
43
Table 8C. Non-Irrigated: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Bicol Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 13,203 13,438 13,638 13,143 13,903 13,964 13,174 13,669 13,777
Seeds 1,008 1,121 1,009 1,142 1,376 1,057 1,072 1,243 1,033
Fertilizer 3,281 2,925 2,845 3,109 2,786 2,681 3,199 2,859 2,765
Pesticides 611 594 560 651 664 597 631 628 552
Hired labor 5,263 5,605 5,945 5,340 5,981 6,461 5,300 5,791 6,200
Land tax 156 158 160 121 122 123 139 140 141
Caretaker/overseer's wages 35 37 39 34 38 41 34 37 40
Rentals 878 935 992 888 995 1,075 883 965 1,033
Fuel & Oil 230 243 220 249 258 234 239 250 227
Transport cost of inputs 125 126 125 120 119 120 122 122 122
Interest payment on crop loan 17 19 21 13 14 15 15 17 19
Sacks and Tying materials 412 434 444 371 391 390 393 414 418
Electricity cost 7 7 6 4 4 4
Food expense 440 475 499 358 390 388 401 435 445
Repairs 732 753 767 746 769 782 739 761 775
Other costs 6 6 6 3 3 3
NON-CASH COSTS 8,140 9,999 9,164 8,816 12,031 9,314 8,465 10,966 9,249
Seeds 510 567 510 531 640 492 520 603 501
Fertilizer 26 22 22 64 57 55 45 40 39
Hired labor in kind 370 394 418 206 231 250 291 318 340
Harvesters' share 1,545 2,191 1,900 1,640 2,662 1,821 1,591 2,416 1,861
Threshers' share 1,840 2,609 2,263 2,114 3,431 2,346 1,972 2,995 2,307
Landowner's share 2,220 2,470 2,223 2,729 3,288 2,526 2,464 2,856 2,374
Caretaker/overseers wages 625 666 706 576 645 697 602 658 705
Rentals 907 974 1,004 898 1,014 1,058 903 995 1,028
Interest payment on crop loan 96 106 118 57 63 69 77 85 94
IMPUTED COSTS 8,525 9,371 9,379 8,313 9,670 9,329 8,423 9,531 9,353
Seeds 89 99 89 50 60 46 70 81 67
Fertilizer 13 13 13 16 15 14 15 14 13
Operator labor 1,948 2,075 2,201 2,003 2,244 2,424 1,974 2,157 2,309
Family labor 2,633 2,804 2,974 2,556 2,863 3,093 2,596 2,836 3,037
Exchange labor 50 53 56 4 4 4 28 31 33
Depreciation 308 339 373 339 373 410 323 355 391
Interest on operating capital 582 761 768 587 788 785 585 775 774
Rental value of owned land 2,898 3,224 2,902 2,757 3,322 2,552 2,830 3,280 2,727
Sacks and Tying materials 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2
TOTAL COSTS 29,867 32,808 32,181 30,272 35,604 32,607 30,062 34,166 32,379
GROSS RETURNS 37,954 53,828 46,677 38,732 62,871 42,997 38,328 58,209 44,832
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 24,751 40,390 33,039 25,589 48,968 29,033 25,154 44,540 31,055
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 16,611 30,391 23,875 16,773 36,937 19,719 16,689 33,574 21,806
NET RETURNS 8,087 21,020 14,496 8,460 27,267 10,390 8,266 24,043 12,453
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.27 0.64 0.45 0.28 0.77 0.32 0.27 0.70 0.38
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.10 10.43 10.62 12.06 10.53 10.83 12.08 10.48 10.72
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,468 3,146 3,031 2,510 3,382 3,011 2,488 3,261 3,021
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.38 17.11 15.40 15.43 18.59 14.28 15.40 17.85 14.84
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
44
Table 9A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Western Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 13,753 13,792 13,945 14,071 14,528 14,552 13,943 14,172 14,332
Seeds 491 598 548 944 1,140 996 763 926 829
Fertilizer 4,096 3,610 3,557 4,209 3,776 3,669 4,164 3,713 3,633
Pesticides 1,156 1,180 1,164 1,282 1,379 1,370 1,231 1,240 1,297
Hired labor 4,185 4,313 4,561 4,046 4,428 4,701 4,102 4,376 4,637
Land tax 219 221 223 196 198 200 205 207 209
Caretaker/overseer's wages 12 13 14 9 10 11 10 11 12
Other permanent employee's salary 218 243 257 90 101 107 141 158 167
Rentals 271 327 305 240 283 265 253 301 281
Fuel & Oil 748 781 755 517 520 503 609 624 603
Transport cost of inputs 129 130 130 150 151 152 141 142 142
Interest payment on crop loan 110 121 133 131 144 158 123 135 149
Irrigation fee 232 283 260 115 139 121 162 197 176
Sacks and Tying materials 197 206 212 243 255 259 225 236 241
Food expense 844 901 945 981 1,061 1,082 926 995 1,029
Repairs 818 837 852 864 887 901 846 866 881
Other costs 27 28 29 40 42 43 35 37 38
NON-CASH COSTS 13,129 17,857 16,222 13,810 18,503 16,587 13,537 18,332 16,634
Seeds 2,054 2,502 2,295 1,466 1,770 1,546 1,701 2,065 1,849
Fertilizer 13 13 13 32 28 28 24 21 21
Pesticides 2 0 0 5 1 1 4 1 1
Hired labor in kind 481 536 567 788 883 937 665 743 787
Harvesters' share 3,827 5,914 5,195 4,316 6,370 5,639 4,120 6,231 5,559
Threshers' share 2,303 3,559 3,127 3,000 4,428 3,920 2,721 4,115 3,671
Landowner's share 2,152 2,622 2,405 2,291 2,767 2,417 2,235 2,714 2,430
Caretaker/overseers wages 323 360 381 260 291 309 286 320 339
Other permanent employee's salary 8 9 10 2 2 2 4 4 4
Rentals 1,692 2,022 1,913 1,462 1,748 1,569 1,554 1,861 1,716
Interest payment on crop loan 112 123 135 125 138 152 120 132 145
Irrigation fee 162 197 181 64 77 67 103 125 112
IMPUTED COSTS 5,590 6,567 6,637 5,485 6,470 6,487 5,527 6,506 6,558
Seeds 150 183 168 418 505 441 311 378 338
Fertilizer 5 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3
Pesticides a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Operator labor 1,390 1,550 1,639 1,297 1,453 1,543 1,335 1,492 1,581
Family labor 1,258 1,403 1,484 1,346 1,508 1,601 1,311 1,465 1,552
Exchange labor 23 26 27 15 17 18 18 20 21
Depreciation 561 617 679 636 700 770 606 667 734
Interest on operating capital 569 801 812 601 879 881 588 841 856
Rental value of owned land 1,589 1,936 1,776 1,143 1,380 1,205 1,322 1,605 1,437
Transport cost of inputs 2 2 2 a/ 0 0 1 1 1
Sacks and Tying materials 43 45 46 25 26 26 32 34 35
TOTAL COSTS 32,471 38,216 36,804 33,366 39,501 37,626 33,007 39,010 37,524
GROSS RETURNS 37,088 57,314 50,353 43,456 64,140 56,786 40,904 61,862 55,194
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 23,335 43,522 36,408 29,385 49,612 42,234 26,961 47,690 40,862
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 10,206 25,665 20,186 15,575 31,109 25,647 13,424 29,358 24,228
NET RETURNS 4,616 19,098 13,549 10,090 24,639 19,160 7,897 22,852 17,670
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.14 0.50 0.37 0.30 0.62 0.51 0.24 0.59 0.47
Cost per kilogram (P) 13.52 12.54 12.61 11.76 11.39 10.71 12.40 11.76 11.35
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,402 3,047 2,919 2,837 3,467 3,514 2,663 3,317 3,305
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.44 18.81 17.25 15.32 18.50 16.16 15.36 18.65 16.70
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
45
Table 9B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Western Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 16,460 17,112 17,228 17,581 18,200 18,211 17,045 17,615 17,762
Seeds 618 743 681 1,156 1,364 1,191 898 1,069 957
Fertilizer 4,869 4,390 4,327 5,462 4,832 4,696 5,179 4,624 4,526
Pesticides 1,296 1,324 1,306 1,580 1,700 1,688 1,444 1,455 1,521
Hired labor 5,020 5,597 5,919 5,466 6,122 6,500 5,253 5,871 6,221
Land tax 177 179 181 184 186 188 180 182 184
Caretaker/overseer's wages 11 12 13 6 7 7
Rentals 551 659 611 323 373 356 432 507 471
Fuel and Oil 1,128 1,178 1,139 784 789 764 949 973 941
Transport cost of inputs 112 113 113 119 119 120 116 117 117
Interest payment on crop loan 259 285 314 226 249 274 242 266 293
Irrigation fee 669 804 737 456 538 470 558 664 595
Sacks and tying materials 224 234 241 192 201 204 207 217 222
Food expense 738 788 826 909 983 1,003 827 889 920
Repairs 726 743 756 677 695 706 701 718 730
Other costs 72 75 77 35 37 38 53 56 57
NON-CASH COSTS 16,422 20,918 19,057 18,147 22,054 19,887 17,322 21,619 19,677
Seeds 2,444 2,937 2,694 1,621 1,912 1,670 2,015 2,398 2,147
Fertilizer 9 8 8 35 34 33 23 23 22
Pesticides 9 10 10 5 8 8
Hired labor in kind 618 689 729 1,191 1,334 1,416 917 1,025 1,086
Harvesters' share 4,824 6,640 5,862 5,072 6,443 5,712 4,953 6,590 5,885
Threshers' share 2,666 3,670 3,240 3,645 4,631 4,105 3,177 4,227 3,775
Landowner's share 3,298 3,964 3,635 3,894 4,594 4,013 3,609 4,295 3,846
Caretaker/overseers wages 527 588 622 812 910 966 676 755 800
Rentals 1,422 1,700 1,576 1,458 1,716 1,513 1,441 1,709 1,546
Interest payment on crop loan 145 160 176 157 173 190 151 166 183
Irrigation fee 468 562 515 252 297 259 355 423 379
IMPUTED COSTS 5,532 6,549 6,580 5,496 6,497 6,490 5,513 6,513 6,531
Seeds 137 165 151 296 349 305 220 262 235
Fertilizer 14 12 12 7 6 6
Operator labor 1,379 1,538 1,626 1,384 1,550 1,646 1,381 1,543 1,635
Family labor 834 930 983 1,026 1,149 1,220 934 1,044 1,106
Exchange labor 20 22 23 24 27 29 22 25 26
Depreciation 598 658 724 584 642 706 591 650 715
Interest on operating capital 676 983 997 783 1,136 1,142 732 1,056 1,075
Rental value of owned land 1,801 2,165 1,986 1,357 1,601 1,398 1,569 1,867 1,672
Transport cost of inputs 3 3 3 2 2 2
Sacks and tying materials 70 73 75 41 43 44 55 58 59
TOTAL COSTS 38,414 44,579 42,865 41,224 46,751 44,588 39,880 45,747 43,970
GROSS RETURNS 46,447 63,935 56,442 55,862 70,966 62,911 51,360 68,334 61,022
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 29,986 46,823 39,214 38,282 52,766 44,700 34,315 50,719 43,260
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 13,565 25,905 20,157 20,134 30,712 24,813 16,993 29,100 23,583
NET RETURNS 8,033 19,356 13,577 14,639 24,215 18,323 11,480 22,587 17,052
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.21 0.43 0.32 0.36 0.52 0.41 0.29 0.49 0.39
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.94 13.12 13.10 11.57 12.19 11.45 12.17 12.49 12.03
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,968 3,399 3,272 3,562 3,836 3,893 3,278 3,664 3,654
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.65 18.81 17.25 15.68 18.50 16.16 15.67 18.65 16.70
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
46
Table 9C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Western Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 12,316 12,271 12,458 12,883 13,558 13,602 12,674 13,020 13,202
Seeds 424 522 479 872 1,065 930 707 868 777
Fertilizer 3,685 3,197 3,151 3,803 3,438 3,339 3,759 3,350 3,278
Pesticides 1,082 1,104 1,089 1,181 1,271 1,262 1,145 1,154 1,206
Hired labor 3,743 3,882 4,105 3,566 4,129 4,383 3,631 4,028 4,268
Land tax 242 244 246 200 202 204 216 218 220
Caretaker/overseer's wages 18 20 21 8 9 10 12 13 14
Other permanent employee's salary 333 371 392 121 136 144 199 222 235
Rentals 122 147 138 212 252 233 178 214 200
Fuel & Oil 546 570 551 426 429 415 470 482 466
Transport cost of inputs 137 138 138 160 161 162 152 153 153
Interest payment on crop loan 31 34 37 99 109 120 74 81 89
Sacks and Tying materials 182 190 196 260 273 278 232 243 249
Food expense 900 961 1,008 1,006 1,088 1,110 967 1,039 1,075
Repairs 867 887 903 928 953 968 905 927 943
Other costs 4 4 4 41 43 44 27 28 29
NON-CASH COSTS 11,382 15,589 14,079 12,343 16,805 14,979 11,988 16,472 14,885
Seeds 1,847 2,272 2,084 1,413 1,727 1,509 1,573 1,931 1,729
Fertilizer 15 14 14 30 30 29 25 23 23
Pesticides 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
Hired labor in kind 409 456 482 651 729 774 562 628 665
Harvesters' share 3,298 5,118 4,437 4,061 6,057 5,328 3,779 5,771 5,119
Threshers' share 2,110 3,274 2,838 2,782 4,149 3,649 2,534 3,870 3,433
Landowner's share 1,544 1,899 1,742 1,748 2,136 1,866 1,673 2,054 1,839
Caretaker/overseers wages 215 240 254 74 83 88 126 141 149
Other permanent employee's salary 12 13 14 2 2 2 6 7 7
Rentals 1,834 2,196 2,096 1,463 1,762 1,591 1,600 1,926 1,788
Interest payment on crop loan 95 105 116 115 127 140 107 118 130
IMPUTED COSTS 5,620 6,592 6,683 5,481 6,482 6,509 5,533 6,521 6,587
Seeds 157 193 177 460 562 491 348 427 382
Fertilizer 3 3 3 2 2 2
Pesticides a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Operator labor 1,396 1,557 1,647 1,268 1,420 1,508 1,315 1,470 1,558
Family labor 1,482 1,652 1,747 1,454 1,629 1,730 1,465 1,637 1,735
Exchange labor 26 29 31 11 12 13 17 19 20
Depreciation 541 595 655 654 719 791 612 673 740
Interest on operating capital 512 719 729 540 808 810 530 769 782
Rental value of owned land 1,476 1,816 1,665 1,071 1,309 1,143 1,221 1,499 1,342
Transport cost of inputs 1 1 1 a/ 0 0 1 1 1
Sacks and Tying materials 29 30 31 19 20 20 23 24 25
TOTAL COSTS 29,318 34,452 33,220 30,706 36,845 35,090 30,194 36,013 34,674
GROSS RETURNS 32,122 49,847 43,211 39,257 58,553 51,502 36,625 55,931 49,616
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 19,806 37,576 30,753 26,375 44,995 37,900 23,951 42,911 36,414
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 8,424 21,987 16,674 14,032 28,190 22,921 11,963 26,439 21,529
NET RETURNS 2,804 15,395 9,991 8,551 21,708 16,412 6,431 19,918 14,942
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.10 0.45 0.30 0.28 0.59 0.47 0.21 0.55 0.43
Cost per kilogram (P) 13.95 13.00 13.26 11.85 11.64 11.01 12.52 12.01 11.67
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,101 2,650 2,505 2,592 3,165 3,187 2,411 2,999 2,971
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.29 18.81 17.25 15.14 18.50 16.16 15.19 18.65 16.70
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
47
Table 10A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 21,931 22,320 22,964 19,643 19,996 20,501 20,787 21,114 21,705
Seeds 560 669 609 799 871 875 679 775 741
Fertilizer 9,247 8,779 8,624 8,078 7,492 7,373 8,663 8,131 7,993
Pesticides 705 376 442 523 585 591 613 433 503
Hired labor 6,554 7,291 7,907 6,529 7,083 7,619 6,542 7,183 7,757
Land tax 117 118 119 144 145 146 131 132 133
Rentals 200 222 241 542 588 631 371 407 439
Fuel and Oil 164 174 176 348 365 356 256 270 268
Transport cost of inputs 148 150 148 158 158 159 153 154 154
Interest payment on crop loan 117 129 142 99 109 120 108 119 131
Irrigation fee 328 392 357 434 473 475 381 435 416
Sacks and tying materials 209 220 225 254 266 269 231 242 246
Electricity cost 9 10 10 15 16 16 12 13 13
Food expense 1,282 1,388 1,432 1,044 1,134 1,136 1,163 1,262 1,283
Repairs 2,292 2,402 2,532 562 592 615 1,427 1,499 1,568
Other costs 113 119 120 56 59 60
NON-CASH COSTS 12,375 15,281 14,012 12,589 15,507 15,957 12,482 15,411 14,996
Seeds 847 1,012 921 980 1,068 1,072 913 1,043 998
Fertilizer 136 130 128 82 81 80 109 106 104
Hired labor in kind 539 600 651 856 929 999 697 765 826
Harvesters' share 3,041 4,000 3,559 3,169 4,556 4,748 3,105 4,292 4,148
Threshers' share 2,116 2,783 2,476 2,050 2,947 3,071 2,083 2,880 2,783
Landowner's share 4,675 5,588 5,088 4,362 4,755 4,775 4,518 5,160 4,937
Caretaker/overseers wages 114 127 138 57 63 68
Rentals 596 673 707 634 689 719 615 684 711
Interest payment on crop loan 44 48 53 56 62 68 50 55 61
Irrigation fee 268 320 291 134 153 146
Sacks and tying materials 400 420 425 200 210 214
IMPUTED COST 9,111 10,659 11,016 8,647 9,707 10,254 8,879 10,162 10,627
Seeds 561 671 611 111 121 122 336 384 367
Fertilizer 69 62 61 65 57 57 67 60 59
Operator labor 3,023 3,363 3,647 2,870 3,114 3,350 2,947 3,236 3,495
Family labor 1,544 1,718 1,863 1,534 1,664 1,790 1,539 1,690 1,825
Exchange labor 230 256 278 57 62 67 144 158 171
Depreciation 1,025 1,128 1,241 1,271 1,398 1,538 1,148 1,263 1,389
Interest on operating capital 978 1,453 1,487 913 1,333 1,363 945 1,387 1,422
Rental value of owned land 1,679 2,007 1,827 1,747 1,905 1,913 1,713 1,956 1,871
Transport cost of inputs 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sacks and tying materials 1 1 1 50 52 53 26 27 27
Other costs 28 29 29 14 15 15
TOTAL COSTS 43,417 48,260 47,992 40,879 45,210 46,712 42,148 46,687 47,328
GROSS RETURNS 45,840 60,290 53,640 46,335 66,617 69,422 46,088 63,713 61,570
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 23,909 37,970 30,676 26,692 46,621 48,921 25,301 42,599 39,865
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 11,534 22,689 16,664 14,103 31,114 32,964 12,818 27,188 24,869
NET RETURNS 2,423 12,030 5,648 5,456 21,407 22,710 3,939 17,026 14,242
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.06 0.25 0.12 0.13 0.47 0.49 0.09 0.36 0.30
Cost per kilogram (P) 15.85 16.02 16.30 15.56 13.04 12.99 15.71 14.37 14.42
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,739 3,013 2,944 2,628 3,466 3,597 2,683 3,249 3,282
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.74 20.01 18.22 17.63 19.22 19.30 17.17 19.61 18.76
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
48
Table 10B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 25,045 25,879 26,554 22,459 22,774 23,326 23,758 24,311 24,930
Seeds 710 827 753 878 944 948 793 889 851
Fertilizer 10,640 10,096 9,910 9,550 8,838 8,698 10,097 9,464 9,303
Pesticides 192 177 207 283 324 327 237 227 264
Hired labor 7,802 8,679 9,412 7,172 7,781 8,370 7,489 8,223 8,880
Land tax 126 127 128 156 158 160 141 142 143
Rentals 134 149 162 626 679 730 379 416 449
Fuel and Oil 184 196 198 442 464 453 313 331 329
Transport cost of inputs 90 91 90 132 132 133 111 112 112
Interest payment on crop loan 45 50 55 112 123 135 78 86 95
Irrigation fee 600 699 636 802 863 867 700 784 750
Sacks and tying materials 281 295 302 260 273 276 271 284 289
Electricity cost 11 12 12 27 28 27 19 20 20
Food expense 1,418 1,535 1,584 1,189 1,292 1,294 1,304 1,415 1,438
Repairs 2,811 2,946 3,105 776 818 850 1,799 1,890 1,978
Other costs 54 57 58 27 28 29
NON-CASH COSTS 14,316 16,897 15,545 14,928 18,631 19,123 14,621 17,754 17,283
Seeds 562 655 596 852 916 920 706 791 757
Fertilizer 98 96 94 49 47 46
Hired labor in kind 515 573 621 798 866 932 656 720 778
Harvesters' share 3,722 4,501 4,042 4,078 5,977 6,198 3,899 5,223 5,058
Threshers' share 2,697 3,262 2,929 2,578 3,778 3,917 2,638 3,534 3,423
Landowner's share 5,317 6,196 5,641 4,889 5,258 5,280 5,104 5,720 5,472
Caretaker/overseers wages 208 231 251 104 114 123
Rentals 753 849 880 855 922 951 804 891 912
Interest payment on crop loan 53 58 64 39 43 47 46 51 56
Irrigation fee 491 572 521 247 277 265
Sacks and tying materials 739 775 784 368 386 393
IMPUTED COSTS 10,026 11,662 12,081 8,850 9,957 10,485 9,441 10,793 11,277
Seeds 783 913 831 88 95 95 437 490 469
Fertilizer 126 113 111 121 107 105 124 109 108
Operator labor 3,255 3,621 3,927 3,139 3,406 3,664 3,197 3,510 3,790
Family labor 1,842 2,049 2,222 1,408 1,528 1,644 1,626 1,785 1,928
Exchange labor 186 207 224 63 68 73 125 137 148
Depreciation 1,203 1,323 1,455 995 1,095 1,205 1,100 1,210 1,331
Interest on operating capital 1,108 1,662 1,696 1,025 1,496 1,527 1,067 1,576 1,611
Rental value of owned land 1,520 1,771 1,612 1,957 2,105 2,114 1,737 1,946 1,862
Sacks and tying materials 3 3 3 47 49 50 25 26 26
Other costs 8 8 8 4 4 4
TOTAL COSTS 49,387 54,438 54,180 46,237 51,362 52,934 47,820 52,858 53,490
GROSS RETURNS 55,161 66,713 59,907 51,145 74,958 77,721 53,163 71,224 68,981
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 30,116 40,834 33,353 28,686 52,184 54,395 29,405 46,913 44,051
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 15,800 23,937 17,808 13,758 33,553 35,272 14,784 29,159 26,768
NET RETURNS 5,774 12,275 5,727 4,908 23,596 24,787 5,343 18,366 15,491
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.12 0.23 0.11 0.11 0.46 0.47 0.11 0.35 0.29
Cost per kilogram (P) 15.37 16.33 16.48 16.16 13.17 13.14 15.74 14.55 14.55
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,213 3,334 3,288 2,861 3,900 4,027 3,038 3,632 3,677
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.17 20.01 18.22 17.87 19.22 19.30 17.50 19.61 18.76
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
49
Table 10C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Central Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 18,170 18,659 19,364 16,316 17,066 17,510 17,238 17,834 18,450
Seeds 379 475 432 705 784 787 543 639 611
Fertilizers 7,566 7,255 7,133 6,340 6,230 6,131 6,950 6,747 6,636
Pesticides 1,325 1,221 1,433 806 922 931 1,063 1,021 1,185
Hired labor 5,047 5,614 6,088 5,769 6,259 6,733 5,410 5,940 6,415
Land tax 105 106 107 131 132 133 118 119 120
Rentals 279 310 336 445 483 516 362 400 429
Fuel and Oil 139 148 150 237 249 243 189 200 199
Transport cost of inputs 217 219 216 189 189 190 203 204 204
Interest payment on crop loan 203 223 245 85 94 103 144 158 174
Sacks and tying materials 121 127 130 246 258 261 184 193 196
Electricity cost 6 6 6 3 3 3
Food expense 1,117 1,209 1,248 873 949 950 995 1,080 1,098
Repairs 1,666 1,746 1,840 308 325 338 983 1,033 1,081
Other costs 183 192 194 92 97 99
NON-CASH COSTS 10,032 13,223 12,050 9,825 11,766 12,098 9,928 12,442 12,067
Seeds 1,191 1,492 1,358 1,130 1,257 1,262 1,160 1,365 1,306
Inorganic fertilizers: Solid 299 255 251 63 61 60 181 157 154
Hired labor in kind 569 633 686 923 1,001 1,077 747 820 886
Harvesters' share 2,219 3,338 2,915 2,095 2,856 2,972 2,156 3,085 2,950
Threshers' share 1,416 2,130 1,860 1,426 1,944 2,023 1,421 2,033 1,944
Landowner's share 3,900 4,887 4,450 3,738 4,158 4,175 3,819 4,495 4,300
Rentals 407 453 491 372 404 435 390 428 462
Interest payment on crop loan 32 35 39 77 85 94 54 59 65
Other costs
IMPUTED COSTS 8,006 9,335 9,605 8,407 9,557 10,125 8,207 9,411 9,856
Seeds 293 367 334 138 153 154 215 253 242
Operator labor 2,744 2,876 3,120 2,552 2,764 2,973 2,647 2,826 3,052
Family labor 1,185 1,268 1,375 1,683 1,869 2,010 1,435 1,560 1,685
Exchange labor 284 316 343 51 55 59 167 183 198
Depreciation 809 890 979 1,597 1,757 1,933 1,206 1,327 1,460
Interest on operating capital 820 1,274 1,320 780 1,180 1,208 800 1,223 1,265
Rental value of owned land 1,871 2,344 2,134 1,498 1,666 1,673 1,684 1,982 1,896
Transport cost of inputs 3 3 3 2 2 2
Sacks and tying materials 53 56 57 27 28 29
Other costs 51 54 55 26 27 27
TOTAL COSTS 36,208 41,217 41,019 34,547 38,389 39,733 35,373 39,687 40,373
GROSS RETURNS 34,584 52,026 45,441 40,651 55,411 57,668 37,635 53,849 51,496
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 16,414 33,367 26,077 24,335 38,345 40,158 20,397 36,015 33,046
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 6,382 20,144 14,027 14,511 26,579 28,060 10,470 23,573 20,979
NET RETURNS -1,624 10,809 4,422 6,104 17,022 17,935 2,262 14,162 11,123
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO -0.04 0.26 0.11 0.18 0.44 0.45 0.06 0.36 0.28
Cost per kilogram (P) 16.72 15.85 16.45 14.69 13.32 13.30 15.65 14.45 14.71
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,166 2,600 2,494 2,352 2,883 2,988 2,260 2,746 2,745
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.97 20.01 18.22 17.28 19.22 19.30 16.66 19.61 18.76
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
50
Table 11A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 12,927 13,671 14,123 14,506 15,574 16,061 13,623 14,523 14,996
Seeds 530 597 585 368 393 389 459 505 498
Fertilizer 1,775 1,702 1,681 2,291 2,216 2,180 2,003 1,936 1,909
Pesticides 489 496 492 441 448 426 467 474 468
Hired labor 7,369 7,885 8,293 8,556 9,461 9,977 7,893 8,588 9,044
Land tax 35 35 35 108 109 110 67 68 69
Rentals 211 226 238 217 239 252 214 233 245
Fuel & Oil 313 329 324 329 348 341 320 337 331
Transport cost of inputs 68 69 68 88 89 88 77 78 77
Interest payment on crop loan 55 61 67 35 39 43 46 51 56
Irrigation fee 71 80 78 68 73 72 70 77 76
Sacks and Tying materials 108 116 119 188 200 202 143 153 156
Electricity cost 1 1 1 1 1 1
Food expense 1,255 1,386 1,440 1,147 1,245 1,261 1,208 1,323 1,357
Repairs 645 688 702 670 714 720 656 699 709
NON-CASH COSTS 7,750 11,116 11,050 10,181 13,698 13,973 8,821 12,294 12,381
Seeds 581 654 641 811 865 856 682 750 739
Fertilizer 16 14 13 9 7 7
Pesticides 1 1 1 a/ 0 0
Hired labor in kind 384 411 432 301 333 351 348 379 399
Harvesters' share 2,572 4,534 4,521 3,028 4,978 5,106 2,773 4,743 4,794
Threshers' share 1,223 2,156 2,150 1,808 2,972 3,048 1,481 2,533 2,560
Landowner's share 2,654 2,989 2,928 2,965 3,164 3,131 2,791 3,071 3,026
Caretaker/overseers wages 5 5 5 19 21 22 11 12 13
Rentals 208 234 231 356 384 387 273 300 299
Interest payment on crop loan 91 100 110 837 921 1,013 420 462 508
Irrigation fee 16 18 18 56 60 59 34 37 36
IMPUTED COSTS 7,076 7,709 8,050 8,103 8,980 9,342 7,529 8,296 8,649
Seeds 132 149 146 33 35 35 89 98 97
Fertilizer 81 69 68 34 33 33 60 53 53
Operator labor 2,409 2,578 2,711 2,769 3,062 3,229 2,568 2,794 2,942
Family labor 2,390 2,557 2,689 2,068 2,287 2,412 2,248 2,446 2,576
Exchange labor 148 158 166 203 224 236 172 187 197
Depreciation 576 634 697 453 498 548 522 574 631
Interest on operating capital 582 712 738 668 840 869 620 769 798
Rental value of owned land 757 852 835 1,875 2,001 1,980 1,250 1,375 1,355
TOTAL COSTS 27,753 32,496 33,223 32,790 38,252 39,376 29,973 35,113 36,026
GROSS RETURNS 32,808 57,832 57,669 36,663 60,273 61,822 34,507 59,024 59,664
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 19,881 44,161 43,546 22,157 44,699 45,761 20,884 44,501 44,668
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 12,132 33,045 32,496 11,976 31,001 31,788 12,063 32,207 32,287
NET RETURNS 5,055 25,336 24,446 3,874 22,021 22,446 4,534 23,911 23,638
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.18 0.78 0.74 0.12 0.58 0.57 0.15 0.68 0.66
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.55 9.38 9.42 14.51 10.99 10.91 13.42 10.11 10.11
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,212 3,463 3,525 2,260 3,482 3,609 2,233 3,472 3,562
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.83 16.70 16.36 16.22 17.31 17.13 15.45 17.00 16.75
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
51
Table 11B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 19,376 20,209 20,800 20,674 21,961 22,573 20,107 21,178 21,795
Seeds 503 527 516 690 685 678 608 617 608
Fertilizer 4,505 4,334 4,266 4,535 4,381 4,298 4,522 4,373 4,297
Pesticides 976 990 983 667 678 645 802 813 803
Hired labor 10,844 11,603 12,203 11,676 12,911 13,615 11,313 12,309 12,963
Land tax 18 18 18 168 170 172 102 103 104
Rentals 81 87 91 1 1 1 36 39 41
Fuel & Oil 113 119 117 189 200 196 156 164 161
Transport cost of inputs 93 95 94 125 126 125 111 112 111
Interest payment on crop loan 156 172 189 84 92 101 116 128 141
Irrigation fee 284 298 292 167 166 164 218 221 218
Sacks and Tying materials 205 220 226 201 214 216 203 217 221
Electricity cost 5 5 5 2 2 2
Food expense 1,139 1,258 1,307 1,263 1,371 1,388 1,209 1,324 1,358
Repairs 453 483 493 907 966 974 709 756 767
NON-CASH COSTS 9,525 11,911 11,890 12,506 15,108 15,439 11,203 13,767 13,937
Seeds 335 351 344 359 357 353 348 353 348
Fertilizer 23 22 22 10 10 10
Hired labor in kind 572 612 644 628 694 732 604 657 692
Harvesters' share 2,058 3,150 3,150 3,721 5,244 5,323 2,994 4,390 4,426
Threshers' share 1,874 2,869 2,869 2,073 2,921 2,965 1,986 2,912 2,936
Landowner's share 3,750 3,931 3,851 3,333 3,310 3,276 3,516 3,566 3,514
Caretaker/overseers wages 20 21 22 33 36 38 27 29 31
Rentals 465 489 483 310 308 305 378 385 381
Interest payment on crop loan 362 398 438 1,910 2,101 2,311 1,234 1,357 1,493
Irrigation fee 65 68 67 138 137 136 106 108 106
IMPUTED COSTS 8,380 9,177 9,551 9,807 10,708 11,086 9,184 10,048 10,419
Seeds 303 318 312 81 80 79 178 181 178
Fertilizer 28 27 27 84 82 81 59 58 57
Operator labor 3,424 3,664 3,853 3,242 3,585 3,780 3,322 3,614 3,806
Family labor 1,964 2,101 2,210 1,813 2,005 2,114 1,879 2,044 2,153
Exchange labor 584 625 657 421 466 491 492 535 563
Depreciation 287 316 348 377 415 457 338 372 409
Interest on operating capital 964 1,260 1,296 1,007 1,311 1,349 988 1,288 1,326
Rental value of owned land 826 866 848 2,783 2,764 2,735 1,928 1,956 1,927
TOTAL COSTS 37,282 41,297 42,241 42,987 47,777 49,098 40,493 44,993 46,151
GROSS RETURNS 47,585 72,845 72,851 50,510 71,179 72,254 49,231 72,182 72,779
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 28,209 52,636 52,051 29,836 49,218 49,681 29,125 51,004 50,984
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 18,683 40,725 40,161 17,330 34,110 34,242 17,922 37,237 37,047
NET RETURNS 10,303 31,548 30,610 7,523 23,402 23,156 8,738 27,189 26,628
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.28 0.76 0.72 0.18 0.49 0.47 0.22 0.60 0.58
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.48 9.47 9.49 14.84 11.62 11.64 13.79 10.60 10.62
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,988 4,362 4,453 2,897 4,112 4,218 2,937 4,246 4,345
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.93 16.70 16.36 17.43 17.31 17.13 16.76 17.00 16.75
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
52
Table 11C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 10,773 11,346 11,743 10,235 11,204 11,614 10,567 11,319 11,720
Seeds 539 631 618 145 169 167 388 455 448
Fertilizer 863 851 846 736 648 646 814 773 769
Pesticides 326 331 329 283 287 273 310 314 310
Hired labor 6,209 6,469 6,803 6,396 7,222 7,616 6,281 6,786 7,146
Land tax 41 41 41 67 68 69 51 52 53
Rentals 254 272 286 369 409 430 298 325 342
Fuel & Oil 380 399 393 426 451 441 397 419 411
Transport cost of inputs 59 60 59 63 64 64 61 62 61
Interest payment on crop loan 22 24 26 13 14 15
Sacks and Tying materials 76 82 84 179 190 192 116 124 126
Food expense 1,294 1,429 1,485 1,066 1,157 1,172 1,207 1,322 1,356
Repairs 710 757 773 506 539 544 631 673 683
NON-CASH COSTS 7,157 10,006 9,934 8,571 12,972 13,050 7,699 11,204 11,175
Seeds 663 776 760 1,123 1,306 1,292 839 984 970
Fertilizer 13 10 10 8 6 6
Pesticides 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hired labor in kind 322 345 363 74 82 86 227 247 260
Harvesters' share 2,743 4,430 4,418 2,548 4,810 4,873 2,668 4,635 4,641
Threshers' share 1,005 1,623 1,619 1,625 3,068 3,108 1,243 2,159 2,162
Landowner's share 2,288 2,678 2,623 2,710 3,153 3,120 2,450 2,872 2,830
Caretaker/overseers wages 9 10 11 4 4 4
Rentals 122 143 140 387 440 447 223 256 257
Interest payment on crop loan 94 103 113 36 40 44
IMPUTED COSTS 6,641 7,222 7,553 6,922 7,756 8,107 6,749 7,452 7,794
Seeds 75 88 86 46 54 53
Fertilizer 98 84 84 60 51 51
Operator labor 2,071 2,216 2,331 2,441 2,699 2,846 2,212 2,407 2,535
Family labor 2,532 2,709 2,849 2,245 2,483 2,618 2,422 2,635 2,775
Exchange labor 3 3 3 51 56 59 22 24 25
Depreciation 673 740 814 506 557 613 609 670 737
Interest on operating capital 455 523 545 433 512 537 447 521 544
Rental value of owned land 734 859 841 1,246 1,449 1,434 930 1,090 1,074
TOTAL COSTS 24,571 28,574 29,230 25,728 31,932 32,771 25,015 29,975 30,689
GROSS RETURNS 27,874 45,023 44,908 27,075 51,116 51,784 27,568 47,889 47,955
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 17,101 33,677 33,165 16,840 39,912 40,170 17,001 36,570 36,235
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 9,944 23,671 23,231 8,268 26,940 27,120 9,302 25,366 25,060
NET RETURNS 3,303 16,449 15,678 1,346 19,184 19,013 2,553 17,914 17,266
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.13 0.58 0.54 0.05 0.60 0.58 0.10 0.60 0.56
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.58 10.60 10.65 14.14 10.81 10.84 13.15 10.64 10.72
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,953 2,696 2,745 1,819 2,953 3,023 1,902 2,817 2,863
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.27 16.70 16.36 14.88 17.31 17.13 14.50 17.00 16.75
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
53
Table 12A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 20,480 21,308 21,788 20,958 21,634 21,950 20,739 21,494 21,844
Seeds 621 735 677 780 863 810 707 807 750
Fertilizer 4,216 4,021 3,836 4,624 4,710 4,399 4,436 4,370 4,124
Pesticides 1,614 1,718 1,734 2,000 2,055 2,089 1,823 1,917 1,895
Hired labor 9,456 9,793 10,404 8,671 8,850 9,413 9,030 9,282 9,867
Land tax 176 178 180 200 202 204 189 191 193
Caretaker/overseer's wages 146 151 160 2 2 2 68 70 74
Other permanent employee's salary 129 132 140 70 72 77
Rentals 230 255 251 197 203 212 212 226 229
Fuel and Oil 496 525 521 598 597 597 551 566 564
Transport cost of inputs 170 173 173 193 193 196 183 185 186
Interest payment on crop loan 448 493 542 321 353 388 379 417 459
Irrigation fee 393 465 428 477 528 495 439 501 466
Sacks and tying materials 373 396 409 275 289 295 320 338 347
Food expense 597 641 663 652 705 709 627 676 689
Repairs 1,543 1,764 1,810 1,835 1,947 1,996 1,701 1,873 1,921
Other costs 5 5 5 3 3 3
NON-CASH COSTS 11,926 13,891 13,074 12,164 13,493 12,979 12,055 13,676 12,977
Seeds 577 683 629 884 978 917 743 848 788
Fertilizer 89 85 81 62 64 60 74 72 68
Pesticides 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 6
Hired labor in kind 495 513 545 636 649 690 572 572 572
Harvesters' share 2,051 2,514 2,266 2,792 3,211 3,076 2,452 2,908 2,715
Threshers' share 1,292 1,584 1,428 1,543 1,774 1,699 1,428 1,693 1,580
Landowner's share 4,926 5,832 5,373 4,226 4,675 4,386 4,547 5,190 4,825
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,757 1,820 1,934 818 835 888 1,248 1,283 1,364
Rentals 603 704 658 1,074 1,171 1,124 858 964 915
Interest payment on crop loan 79 87 96 36 40 44
Irrigation fee 55 65 60 25 29 27
Sacks and tying materials 123 129 132 67 71 73
IMPUTED COSTS 8,584 9,886 9,717 10,654 11,813 11,674 9,706 10,965 10,795
Seeds 269 318 293 174 192 180 217 248 231
Fertilizer 131 125 119 19 19 18 70 69 65
Pesticides 48 51 52 7 12 12 26 31 31
Operator labor 1,239 1,283 1,363 1,741 1,777 1,890 1,511 1,553 1,651
Family labor 722 748 795 932 951 1,011 836 859 913
Exchange labor 47 49 52 66 67 71 57 59 63
Depreciation 955 1,051 1,156 855 941 1,035 901 991 1,090
Interest on operating capital 912 1,217 1,240 921 1,285 1,295 917 1,253 1,264
Rental value of owned land 4,258 5,041 4,644 5,938 6,569 6,162 5,169 5,900 5,485
Transport cost of inputs 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sacks and tying materials 2 2 2 1 1 1
TOTAL COSTS 40,990 45,085 44,579 43,776 46,940 46,603 42,500 46,135 45,616
GROSS RETURNS 64,078 78,547 70,812 68,658 78,954 75,629 66,560 78,929 73,682
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 43,599 57,239 49,024 47,700 57,320 53,679 45,821 57,435 51,838
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 31,672 43,348 35,950 35,535 43,827 40,700 33,766 43,759 38,861
NET RETURNS 23,088 33,462 26,233 24,882 32,014 29,026 24,060 32,794 28,066
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.56 0.74 0.59 0.57 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.71 0.62
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.71 11.38 11.50 11.17 11.52 11.20 10.96 11.46 11.28
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,827 3,963 3,878 3,919 4,074 4,160 3,877 4,027 4,044
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.74 19.82 18.26 17.52 19.38 18.18 17.17 19.60 18.22
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
54
Table 12B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 23,316 24,223 24,746 22,549 23,346 23,720 22,897 23,746 24,149
Seeds 646 758 698 722 806 756 688 786 731
Fertilizer 4,681 4,458 4,247 4,650 4,726 4,407 4,664 4,588 4,325
Pesticides 1,678 1,705 1,721 1,708 1,808 1,838 1,695 1,764 1,744
Hired labor 10,470 10,843 11,520 9,683 9,882 10,510 10,040 10,320 10,970
Land tax 234 236 238 243 245 247 239 241 243
Caretaker/overseer's wages 259 268 285 117 120 128
Other permanent employee's salary 225 230 245 123 126 134
Rentals 379 421 413 195 199 212 279 297 301
Fuel and Oil 535 566 562 683 682 682 616 633 631
Transport cost of inputs 188 192 192 196 196 199 192 194 195
Interest payment on crop loan 571 628 691 369 406 447 461 507 558
Irrigation fee 697 818 754 831 927 870 770 880 818
Sacks and tying materials 314 333 344 227 239 244 266 281 288
Food expense 692 743 768 593 641 645 638 688 702
Repairs 1,971 2,254 2,313 2,218 2,353 2,412 2,106 2,318 2,378
Others a/ 6 6 6 3 3 3
NON-CASH COSTS 12,768 14,568 13,858 13,052 14,453 13,900 12,923 14,543 13,876
Seeds 494 580 534 846 944 886 686 784 729
Fertilizer 114 109 104 108 110 102 110 108 102
Pesticides 7 7 7 12 12 12 10 10 10
Hired labor in kind 635 658 699 531 542 576 578 594 631
Harvesters' share 1,327 1,611 1,429 2,247 2,545 2,469 1,830 2,140 1,993
Threshers' share 959 1,164 1,033 1,332 1,509 1,464 1,163 1,360 1,266
Landowner's share 5,525 6,484 5,974 5,772 6,440 6,041 5,660 6,469 6,014
Caretaker/overseers wages 2,752 2,850 3,028 836 853 907 1,705 1,753 1,863
Rentals 718 838 777 1,154 1,273 1,214 956 1,082 1,019
Interest payment on crop loan 139 153 168 63 69 76
Irrigation fee 97 114 105 44 50 46
Sacks and tying materials 214 225 229 117 124 127
IMPUTED COSTS 8,797 10,046 9,895 11,714 13,046 12,802 10,391 11,737 11,506
Seeds 196 230 212 178 199 187 186 213 198
Fertilizer 233 222 212 33 34 32 123 121 114
Pesticides 83 88 89 12 12 12 44 47 47
Operator labor 1,264 1,309 1,391 1,526 1,557 1,656 1,407 1,446 1,537
Family labor 832 862 916 1,074 1,096 1,166 964 991 1,053
Exchange labor 69 71 75 36 37 39 51 52 55
Depreciation 906 997 1,097 740 814 895 815 897 987
Interest on operating capital 1,001 1,323 1,348 961 1,314 1,326 979 1,317 1,330
Rental value of owned land 4,213 4,944 4,555 7,155 7,983 7,489 5,821 6,653 6,185
TOTAL COSTS 44,882 48,837 48,499 47,315 50,845 50,422 46,211 50,026 49,531
GROSS RETURNS 72,546 88,060 78,116 77,324 87,578 84,955 75,157 87,906 81,862
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 49,230 63,837 53,370 54,775 64,232 61,235 52,260 64,160 57,713
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 36,462 49,269 39,512 41,723 49,779 47,335 39,337 49,617 43,837
NET RETURNS 27,664 39,223 29,617 30,009 36,733 34,533 28,946 37,880 32,331
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.62 0.80 0.61 0.63 0.72 0.68 0.63 0.76 0.65
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.45 10.99 11.34 10.63 11.25 10.79 10.55 11.15 11.02
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,296 4,443 4,278 4,452 4,519 4,673 4,381 4,485 4,493
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.89 19.82 18.26 17.37 19.38 18.18 17.15 19.60 18.22
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
55
Table 12C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 16,810 17,417 17,843 18,812 19,396 19,633 17,883 18,493 18,775
Seeds 588 707 651 859 935 877 733 836 777
Fertilizer 3,615 3,452 3,301 4,587 4,686 4,384 4,137 4,088 3,867
Pesticides 1,532 1,631 1,645 2,392 2,458 2,500 1,993 2,095 2,071
Hired labor 8,143 8,433 8,959 7,304 7,454 7,928 7,693 7,908 8,406
Land tax 101 102 103 143 144 145 124 125 126
Caretaker/overseer's wages 5 5 5 2 2 2
Rentals 38 39 41 198 207 210 124 131 133
Fuel and Oil 445 471 468 483 482 482 466 479 477
Transport cost of inputs 147 150 150 189 189 192 170 172 173
Interest payment on crop loan 289 318 350 256 282 310 271 298 328
Sacks and tying materials 448 475 490 341 358 365 391 413 423
Food expense 474 509 526 732 792 796 612 660 673
Repairs 988 1,130 1,159 1,319 1,399 1,434 1,165 1,283 1,316
Others a/ 5 5 5 3 3 3
NON-CASH COSTS 10,837 12,796 11,893 10,966 12,407 11,950 10,906 12,607 11,970
Seeds 684 822 757 935 1,017 954 818 933 867
Fertilizer 56 56 54 26 25 24
Hired labor in kind 314 325 345 778 794 844 563 579 615
Harvesters' share 2,987 3,546 3,250 3,527 4,233 4,021 3,277 3,952 3,712
Threshers' share 1,722 2,044 1,873 1,826 2,192 2,082 1,778 2,144 2,014
Landowner's share 4,152 4,990 4,597 2,139 2,328 2,184 3,073 3,504 3,257
Caretaker/overseers wages 469 486 516 794 810 862 643 661 703
Rentals 453 527 501 966 1,033 1,003 728 809 778
IMPUTED COSTS 8,308 9,691 9,497 9,223 10,163 10,167 8,798 9,941 9,848
Seeds 363 436 402 168 183 172 259 295 274
Pesticides 4 4 4 a/ 0 0 2 2 2
Operator labor 1,206 1,249 1,327 2,032 2,074 2,206 1,649 1,695 1,802
Family labor 579 600 637 741 756 804 666 685 728
Exchange labor 18 19 20 107 109 116 66 68 72
Depreciation 1,017 1,119 1,231 1,011 1,112 1,223 1,014 1,115 1,227
Interest on operating capital 795 1,068 1,088 868 1,254 1,260 834 1,167 1,175
Rental value of owned land 4,317 5,189 4,781 4,296 4,675 4,386 4,306 4,910 4,564
Transport cost of inputs 3 3 3 2 2 2
Sacks and tying materials 4 4 4 2 2 2
TOTAL COSTS 35,955 39,904 39,233 39,001 41,966 41,750 37,587 41,041 40,593
GROSS RETURNS 53,122 63,067 57,793 56,964 68,373 64,939 55,181 66,542 62,495
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 36,312 45,650 39,950 38,152 48,977 45,306 37,298 48,049 43,720
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 25,475 32,854 28,05727,186 36,570 33,356 26,392 35,442 31,750
NET RETURNS 17,167 23,163 18,560 17,963 26,407 23,189 17,594 25,501 21,902
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.48 0.58 0.47 0.46 0.63 0.56 0.47 0.62 0.54
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.16 12.54 12.40 12.19 11.90 11.69 11.71 12.09 11.83
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,221 3,182 3,165 3,199 3,528 3,572 3,209 3,395 3,430
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.49 19.82 18.26 17.81 19.38 18.18 17.19 19.60 18.22
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
56
Table 13A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 26,247 27,770 28,404 19,942 20,561 21,167 23,172 24,233 24,808
Seeds 1,337 1,537 1,496 910 939 942 1,129 1,230 1,215
Fertilizer 6,476 5,815 5,551 5,897 5,385 5,163 6,193 5,599 5,356
Pesticides 1,723 1,948 2,002 1,246 1,429 1,586 1,490 1,716 1,764
Hired labor 9,593 10,749 11,468 8,034 8,754 9,355 8,832 9,777 10,440
Land tax 139 140 141 172 174 176 155 157 159
Caretaker/overseer's wages 228 258 275 270 305 326 248 280 299
Other permanent employee's salary 334 378 403 68 77 82 204 231 247
Rentals 1,087 1,235 1,299 15 17 18 564 634 669
Fuel & Oil 533 569 560 489 511 523 511 540 542
Transport cost of inputs 358 362 357 140 140 140 252 254 252
Interest payment on crop loan 366 403 443 123 135 149 248 273 300
Irrigation fee 1,222 1,405 1,368 709 731 733 972 1,059 1,046
Sacks and Tying materials 555 583 593 433 450 454 496 518 525
Electricity cost 5 5 5 2 2 2 3 3 3
Food expense 844 904 925 908 963 966 875 933 946
Repairs 1,446 1,479 1,518 529 549 552 999 1,029 1,045
NON-CASH COSTS 10,298 12,774 12,503 12,369 14,284 14,597 11,308 13,555 13,562
Seeds 454 522 508 890 918 921 667 726 717
Fertilizer 30 27 26 15 14 13
Pesticides 21 23 26 10 8 8
Hired labor in kind 413 568 606 475 561 600 443 566 604
Harvesters' share 2,751 3,680 3,513 3,644 4,561 4,649 3,187 4,136 4,091
Threshers' share 1,886 2,523 2,409 2,463 3,083 3,143 2,167 2,812 2,781
Landowner's share 2,411 2,772 2,698 3,038 3,133 3,143 2,717 2,959 2,923
Caretaker/overseers wages 824 933 995 822 927 991 823 930 993
Other permanent employee's salary 69 78 83 35 40 43
Rentals 1,198 1,372 1,370 503 520 523 859 942 946
Interest payment on crop loan 27 30 33 393 432 475 206 227 250
Irrigation fee 234 269 262 122 126 126 179 195 193
IMPUTED COSTS 9,701 12,805 13,118 8,351 10,192 10,559 9,042 11,497 11,838
Seeds 55 63 61 101 104 104 77 84 83
Fertilizer 46 38 37 153 163 157 99 100 96
Pesticides 4 6 7 2 0 0
Operator labor 1,542 2,480 2,646 1,749 2,531 2,705 1,643 2,505 2,674
Family labor 1,220 2,131 2,274 663 1,038 1,109 949 1,597 1,706
Exchange labor 11 22 23 268 396 423 136 203 217
Depreciation 1,087 1,196 1,316 447 492 541 775 853 938
Interest on operating capital 1,096 1,538 1,566 922 1,290 1,328 1,011 1,418 1,445
Rental value of owned land 4,639 5,334 5,192 4,031 4,158 4,171 4,342 4,729 4,671
Sacks and Tying materials 3 3 3 13 14 14 8 8 8
TOTAL COSTS 46,246 53,349 54,025 40,662 45,037 46,323 43,523 49,285 50,208
GROSS RETURNS 64,398 86,147 82,247 69,847 87,430 89,120 67,055 87,025 86,080
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 38,150 58,377 53,843 49,905 66,869 67,953 43,883 62,792 61,272
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 27,853 45,603 41,340 37,536 52,585 53,356 32,575 49,237 47,710
NET RETURNS 18,152 32,798 28,222 29,185 42,393 42,797 23,533 37,740 35,872
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.39 0.61 0.52 0.72 0.94 0.92 0.54 0.77 0.71
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.47 12.36 12.76 10.95 9.99 10.11 11.73 11.15 11.34
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,709 4,316 4,233 3,714 4,509 4,582 3,712 4,422 4,428
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.36 19.96 19.43 18.80 19.39 19.45 18.07 19.68 19.44
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
57
Table 13B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 26,996 28,222 28,871 23,396 24,112 24,754 25,461 26,412 27,037
Seeds 1,367 1,568 1,526 1,152 1,252 1,220 1,275 1,407 1,390
Fertilizer 6,660 5,975 5,706 6,414 5,963 5,705 6,556 5,963 5,695
Pesticide 1,644 1,589 1,633 1,550 1,538 1,708 1,604 1,571 1,615
Hired labor 9,881 11,014 11,751 9,461 10,234 10,936 9,702 10,684 11,408
Land tax 134 135 136 166 168 170 148 149 150
Caretaker/overseer's wages 247 280 299 376 424 453 302 341 364
Other permanent employee's salary 364 412 440 95 107 114 249 281 300
Rentals 1,066 1,209 1,277 18 20 21 619 698 739
Fuel & Oil 566 604 595 648 677 694 601 635 638
Transport cost of inputs 351 355 350 118 118 118 252 254 252
Interest payment on crop loan 399 439 483 171 188 207 302 332 365
Irrigation fee 1,330 1,526 1,485 988 1,074 1,047 1,184 1,307 1,291
Sacks and Tying materials 570 599 610 472 491 495 528 552 559
Electricity cost 6 6 6 2 2 2 4 4 4
Food expense 886 949 971 1,098 1,165 1,169 976 1,040 1,054
Repairs 1,527 1,562 1,603 665 691 695 1,159 1,194 1,213
NON-CASH COSTS 10,860 13,183 12,906 14,688 17,172 17,155 12,492 14,792 14,819
Seeds 421 483 470 755 821 800 564 623 615
Fertilizer 33 30 29 19 18 17
Pesticides 28 29 33 12 16 16
Hired labor in kind 450 510 544 594 670 716 511 578 617
Harvesters' share 2,826 3,692 3,524 3,953 4,929 4,894 3,307 4,200 4,161
Threshers' share 1,946 2,542 2,426 3,113 3,881 3,853 2,444 3,104 3,075
Landowner's share 2,624 3,010 2,930 3,725 4,049 3,945 3,093 3,414 3,372
Caretaker/overseers wages 897 1,016 1,084 1,146 1,293 1,382 1,003 1,134 1,211
Other permanent employee's salary 75 85 91 43 49 52
Rentals 1,304 1,491 1,489 702 763 745 1,047 1,161 1,166
Interest payment on crop loan 30 33 36 502 552 607 231 254 279
Irrigation fee 254 291 283 170 185 180 218 241 238
IMPUTED COSTS 9,454 10,989 11,193 9,178 10,380 10,554 9,336 10,645 10,905
Seeds 54 62 60 112 122 119 79 87 86
Fertilizer 51 46 44 174 167 160 104 97 93
Pesticides 6 6 7 3 2 2
Operator labor 1,459 1,653 1,764 1,594 1,799 1,922 1,517 1,715 1,831
Family labor 1,079 1,222 1,304 691 780 834 913 1,032 1,102
Exchange labor 12 14 15 373 421 450 166 188 201
Depreciation 1,132 1,245 1,370 578 636 700 896 986 1,085
Interest on operating capital 1,120 1,532 1,560 1,064 1,465 1,506 1,097 1,502 1,530
Rental value of owned land 4,544 5,212 5,073 4,583 4,982 4,854 4,561 5,034 4,973
Sacks and Tying materials 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
TOTAL COSTS 47,311 52,394 52,970 47,262 51,664 52,463 47,290 51,849 52,761
GROSS RETURNS 67,301 87,924 83,918 75,869 94,590 93,905 70,954 90,115 89,268
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 40,305 59,702 55,047 52,473 70,478 69,151 45,493 63,703 62,231
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 29,445 46,519 42,14137,785 53,306 51,996 33,001 48,911 47,412
NET RETURNS 19,990 35,530 30,948 28,607 42,926 41,442 23,664 38,266 36,507
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.42 0.68 0.58 0.61 0.83 0.79 0.50 0.74 0.69
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.23 11.89 12.26 11.44 10.90 10.87 11.88 11.32 11.49
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,867 4,405 4,319 4,132 4,739 4,828 3,980 4,579 4,592
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.40 19.96 19.43 18.36 19.96 19.45 17.83 19.68 19.44
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
58
Table 13C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 17,788 18,671 19,036 11,187 11,629 11,886 12,718 13,119 13,382
Seeds 997 1,209 1,177 296 279 280 459 456 450
Fertilizer 4,402 3,997 3,802 4,583 4,425 4,276 4,541 4,254 4,101
Pesticides 2,612 2,525 2,595 475 472 524 971 951 977
Hired labor 6,344 7,186 7,667 4,414 4,980 5,322 4,861 5,495 5,868
Land tax 185 187 189 187 189 191 186 188 190
Caretaker/overseer's wages 14 16 17 3 3 3
Rentals 1,331 1,571 1,587 8 9 10 315 331 339
Fuel and Oil 160 171 168 84 88 90 101 107 107
Transport cost of inputs 438 443 437 196 196 196 252 254 252
Sacks and tying materials 393 413 420 334 347 350 348 364 369
Food expense 378 405 415 426 452 454 415 442 448
Repairs 536 548 562 185 192 193 266 274 278
NON-CASH COSTS 3,943 7,525 7,229 6,491 7,134 7,105 5,899 7,137 6,994
Seeds 823 998 971 1,232 1,163 1,167 1,137 1,129 1,115
Hired labor in kind 172 194 207 132 149 159
Harvesters' share 1,911 3,999 3,834 2,860 3,445 3,396 2,640 3,554 3,452
Threshers' share 1,208 2,528 2,424 813 979 965 905 1,218 1,183
Landowner's share 1,296 1,223 1,227 995 988 976
Interest payment on crop loan 118 130 143 90 99 109
IMPUTED COSTS 12,484 14,836 15,137 6,253 6,736 6,982 7,699 8,414 8,663
Seeds 63 76 74 72 68 68 70 70 69
Fertilizer 99 96 93 76 71 68
Operator labor 2,482 2,811 2,999 2,142 2,417 2,583 2,221 2,511 2,681
Family labor 2,817 3,191 3,404 594 670 716 1,110 1,255 1,340
Depreciation 588 647 712 115 127 140 225 248 273
Interest on operating capital 823 1,186 1,207 560 832 848 621 905 919
Rental value of owned land 5,711 6,925 6,741 2,630 2,482 2,490 3,344 3,320 3,279
Sacks and tying materials 42 44 44 33 34 34
TOTAL COSTS 34,215 41,032 41,402 23,931 25,499 25,973 26,316 28,670 29,039
GROSS RETURNS 31,604 66,127 63,400 54,581 65,751 64,827 49,250 66,302 64,405
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 13,815 47,456 44,364 43,394 54,122 52,941 36,532 53,183 51,023
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 9,873 39,931 37,13536,903 46,988 45,836 30,633 46,046 44,029
NET RETURNS -2,611 25,095 21,998 30,650 40,252 38,854 22,934 37,632 35,366
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO -0.08 0.61 0.53 1.28 1.58 1.50 0.87 1.31 1.22
Cost per kilogram (P) 17.82 12.39 12.69 9.01 7.52 7.79 10.59 8.51 8.77
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,920 3,313 3,263 2,655 3,391 3,333 2,485 3,369 3,313
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.46 19.96 19.43 20.55 19.39 19.45 19.82 19.68 19.44
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
59
Table 14A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Davao Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 23,959 25,927 26,683 19,677 20,203 20,514 21,753 22,906 23,411
Seeds 1,674 1,888 1,827 1,523 1,555 1,477 1,596 1,708 1,637
Fertilizer 5,989 5,371 5,248 5,369 5,111 4,991 5,668 5,237 5,113
Pesticides 2,086 2,009 1,962 2,125 2,028 1,993 2,106 2,069 2,025
Hired labor 7,499 9,238 9,998 6,164 6,790 7,242 6,811 7,932 8,524
Land tax 253 256 259 111 112 113 180 182 184
Caretaker/overseer's wages 320 394 426 55 61 65 183 213 229
Other permanent employee's salary 276 340 368 134 156 168
Rentals 1,071 1,319 1,428 393 427 448 721 836 895
Fuel & Oil 815 882 860 280 294 290 540 576 565
Transport cost of inputs 225 226 228 157 157 161 190 190 193
Interest payment on crop loan 166 183 201 322 354 389 247 272 299
Irrigation fee 1,208 1,362 1,318 448 457 434 816 873 837
Sacks and Tying materials 349 361 373 535 557 567 445 461 473
Electricity cost 3 3 3 1 1 1
Food expense 1,262 1,316 1,384 1,331 1,413 1,439 1,298 1,365 1,413
Repairs 763 779 800 867 887 905 817 835 855
NON-CASH COSTS 15,326 16,685 16,552 19,630 20,199 19,495 17,544 18,525 18,119
Seeds 241 272 263 362 370 351 303 324 311
Fertilizer 15 12 11 8 6 6
Pesticides 6 6 6 3 3 3
Hired labor in kind 55 68 74 11 12 13 33 38 41
Harvesters' share 5,178 5,470 5,439 5,916 6,085 5,876 5,558 5,776 5,660
Threshers' share 4,542 4,798 4,771 5,085 5,230 5,050 4,821 5,010 4,910
Landowner's share 4,152 4,682 4,532 6,254 6,386 6,064 5,235 5,601 5,369
Caretaker/overseers wages 682 840 909 374 412 439 523 609 654
Other permanent employee's salary 158 174 186 81 94 101
Rentals 375 442 453 301 313 306 337 372 374
Interest payment on crop loan 10 11 12 331 364 400 175 193 212
Irrigation fee 85 96 93 824 841 799 466 499 478
IMPUTED COSTS 13,845 16,183 16,210 16,169 17,112 16,764 15,043 16,689 16,526
Seeds 201 227 220 369 377 358 288 308 295
Fertilizer 107 99 97 167 156 153 138 127 124
Pesticides 18 17 17 1 1 1 9 9 9
Operator labor 1,663 2,049 2,218 1,637 1,803 1,923 1,650 1,922 2,065
Family labor 1,106 1,362 1,474 844 930 992 971 1,131 1,215
Exchange labor 33 41 44 10 11 12 21 24 26
Depreciation 487 536 590 661 727 800 577 635 699
Interest on operating capital 988 1,431 1,464 870 1,251 1,266 927 1,341 1,364
Rental value of owned land 9,241 10,421 10,086 11,599 11,844 11,247 10,456 11,187 10,724
Fuel & Oil 11 12 12 5 5 5
TOTAL COSTS 53,130 58,795 59,445 55,476 57,514 56,773 54,339 58,120 58,056
GROSS RETURNS 77,958 82,350 81,881 85,934 88,382 85,338 82,068 85,290 83,583
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 53,999 56,423 55,198 66,257 68,179 64,824 60,316 62,384 60,172
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 38,674 39,738 38,64646,627 47,980 45,329 42,772 43,859 42,053
NET RETURNS 24,828 23,555 22,436 30,458 30,868 28,565 27,730 27,170 25,527
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.47 0.40 0.38 0.55 0.54 0.50 0.51 0.47 0.44
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.68 13.81 13.59 12.54 12.90 12.53 12.12 13.34 13.04
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,547 4,258 4,374 4,425 4,457 4,532 4,484 4,356 4,453
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.15 19.34 18.72 19.42 19.83 18.83 18.3 19.58 18.77
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
60
Table 14B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Davao Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 25,034 26,792 27,564 20,607 20,754 21,082 22,759 23,620 24,139
Seeds 1,759 1,970 1,907 1,633 1,659 1,575 1,694 1,803 1,728
Fertilizer 6,425 5,530 5,407 5,819 5,157 5,037 6,114 5,343 5,218
Pesticides 2,042 1,968 1,922 2,120 2,023 1,988 2,082 2,046 2,002
Hired labor 7,920 9,757 10,560 6,495 7,154 7,630 7,187 8,370 8,994
Land tax 266 269 272 112 113 114 187 189 191
Caretaker/overseer's wages 368 453 490 63 69 74 211 246 264
Other permanent employee's salary 317 391 423 154 179 192
Rentals 754 929 1,005 346 375 391 544 629 671
Fuel & Oil 872 944 920 225 236 233 540 576 565
Transport cost of inputs 230 231 233 137 137 140 183 183 186
Interest payment on crop loan 191 210 231 371 408 449 284 312 343
Irrigation fee 1,388 1,554 1,504 517 525 499 940 1,000 959
Sacks and Tying materials 359 371 383 584 608 619 475 492 505
Electricity cost 3 3 3 2 2 2
Food expense 1,270 1,325 1,393 1,347 1,430 1,456 1,309 1,377 1,425
Repairs 869 887 911 841 860 877 854 873 894
NON-CASH COSTS 15,734 17,185 17,016 19,651 20,492 19,726 17,748 18,914 18,460
Seeds 156 175 169 293 298 283 227 242 232
Pesticides 6 6 6 3 3 3
Hired labor in kind 64 79 86 13 14 15 38 44 47
Harvesters' share 5,229 5,566 5,512 5,869 6,212 5,995 5,558 5,888 5,758
Threshers' share 4,706 5,009 4,960 5,324 5,635 5,438 5,024 5,322 5,205
Landowner's share 4,282 4,795 4,641 6,330 6,431 6,107 5,335 5,677 5,442
Caretaker/overseers wages 784 966 1,046 216 238 254 492 573 616
Other permanent employee's salary 182 200 213 94 109 117
Rentals 409 479 490 337 348 339 372 409 409
Interest payment on crop loan 136 150 165 70 77 85
Irrigation fee 98 110 106 951 966 917 536 570 546
IMPUTED COSTS 14,382 16,685 16,686 16,890 17,759 17,353 15,671 17,280 17,076
Seeds 231 259 251 390 396 376 313 333 319
Fertilizer 114 102 100 55 51 50
Pesticides 19 18 18 9 9 9
Operator labor 1,614 1,988 2,152 1,614 1,778 1,896 1,614 1,880 2,020
Family labor 1,064 1,311 1,419 804 886 945 930 1,083 1,164
Exchange labor 25 31 34 12 13 14 18 21 23
Depreciation 476 524 576 570 627 690 524 576 634
Interest on operating capital 1,040 1,478 1,514 921 1,281 1,298 978 1,380 1,404
Rental value of owned land 9,799 10,974 10,622 12,570 12,770 12,126 11,224 11,943 11,449
Fuel & Oil 8 8 8 4 4 4
TOTAL COSTS 55,150 60,662 61,266 57,148 59,005 58,161 56,178 59,814 59,675
GROSS RETURNS 80,841 86,044 85,213 87,476 92,586 89,348 84,251 89,246 87,281
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 55,806 59,252 57,649 66,868 71,832 68,266 61,493 65,626 63,142
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 40,072 42,067 40,63347,217 51,340 48,540 43,745 46,712 44,682
NET RETURNS 25,690 25,382 23,947 30,327 33,581 31,187 28,074 29,432 27,606
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.47 0.42 0.39 0.53 0.57 0.54 0.50 0.49 0.46
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.78 13.63 13.46 12.75 12.64 12.26 12.27 13.12 12.83
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,681 4,449 4,552 4,481 4,669 4,745 4,578 4,558 4,650
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.27 19.34 18.72 19.52 19.83 18.83 18.4 19.58 18.77
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
61
Table 14C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Davao Region, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 16,741 18,093 18,774 13,667 15,035 15,348 15,131 16,454 16,928
Seeds 1,106 1,332 1,289 814 864 820 953 1,066 1,022
Fertilizer 3,047 2,672 2,613 2,458 2,311 2,248 2,739 2,484 2,423
Pesticides 2,382 2,295 2,241 2,159 2,061 2,025 2,265 2,225 2,177
Hired labor 4,670 5,417 5,862 4,024 5,375 5,732 4,332 5,404 5,807
Land tax 167 169 171 104 105 106 134 135 136
Rentals 3,198 3,940 4,264 696 767 818 1,888 2,199 2,363
Fuel and Oil 432 468 456 637 669 659 540 576 565
Transport cost of inputs 189 190 192 286 286 293 240 240 244
Interest payment on crop loan 5 6 7 3 3 3
Sacks and tying materials 282 291 301 218 227 231 248 257 264
Food expense 1,214 1,266 1,331 1,230 1,306 1,330 1,222 1,285 1,330
Repairs 52 53 54 1,035 1,058 1,079 567 580 594
NON-CASH COSTS 12,583 13,764 13,184 19,491 18,286 16,965 16,200 16,159 15,237
Seeds 813 979 948 804 853 810 808 904 867
Fertilizer 110 77 75 58 41 40
Harvesters' share 4,837 5,015 4,755 6,220 5,021 4,224 5,561 5,017 4,501
Threshers' share 3,439 3,566 3,381 3,539 2,857 2,403 3,492 3,150 2,826
Landowner's share 3,275 3,944 3,817 5,767 6,119 5,811 4,580 5,121 4,909
Caretaker/overseers wages 1,390 1,531 1,633 728 848 911
Rentals 144 177 192 66 73 78 103 120 129
Interest payment on crop loan 75 83 91 1,595 1,755 1,931 871 958 1,054
IMPUTED COSTS 10,242 12,496 12,714 11,508 12,481 12,514 10,905 12,400 12,520
Seeds 232 246 234 122 136 130
Fertilizer 64 56 55 1,243 1,169 1,137 681 618 602
Pesticides 10 10 10 5 5 5 7 7 7
Operator labor 1,996 2,459 2,661 1,789 1,971 2,102 1,888 2,199 2,363
Family labor 1,385 1,706 1,846 1,103 1,215 1,296 1,238 1,442 1,550
Exchange labor 85 105 114 41 48 52
Depreciation 563 619 681 1,246 1,371 1,508 920 1,012 1,113
Interest on operating capital 642 923 941 542 829 842 590 879 894
Rental value of owned land 5,496 6,618 6,406 5,323 5,648 5,363 5,405 6,044 5,794
Fuel and Oil 26 27 27 14 15 15
TOTAL COSTS 39,565 44,353 44,672 44,666 45,802 44,827 42,236 45,013 44,685
GROSS RETURNS 58,606 60,766 57,620 75,972 61,334 51,594 67,700 61,070 54,790
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 41,866 42,673 38,846 62,305 46,299 36,246 52,569 44,616 37,862
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 29,282 28,909 25,66242,814 28,013 19,281 36,368 28,457 22,625
NET RETURNS 19,041 16,413 12,948 31,306 15,532 6,767 25,463 16,057 10,105
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.48 0.37 0.29 0.70 0.34 0.15 0.60 0.36 0.23
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.84 14.12 14.51 10.99 14.81 16.36 10.92 14.43 15.31
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,649 3,142 3,078 4,065 3,093 2,740 3,867 3,119 2,919
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.06 19.34 18.72 18.69 19.83 18.83 17.51 19.58 18.77
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
62
Table 15A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 14,869 15,242 15,291 15,426 15,993 16,083 15,141 15,564 15,612
Seeds 1,253 1,565 1,433 1,856 1,917 1,869 1,548 1,739 1,643
Fertilizer 4,087 3,571 3,372 4,002 3,674 3,462 4,046 3,622 3,417
Pesticides 1,710 1,633 1,708 1,968 2,042 2,031 1,836 1,820 1,828
Hired labor 3,870 4,168 4,502 4,265 4,833 5,186 4,063 4,488 4,832
Land tax 185 187 189 133 134 135 160 162 164
Caretaker/overseer's wages 6 6 6 3 3 3
Other permanent employee's salary 5 5 5 239 271 291 119 131 141
Rentals 57 61 66 10 11 12 34 37 40
Fuel and Oil 374 414 413 410 454 439 392 433 425
Transport cost of inputs 177 178 175 96 96 95 137 137 135
Interest payment on crop loan 98 108 119 71 78 86 85 94 103
Irrigation fee 876 1,094 1,002 649 670 653 765 860 813
Sacks and tying materials 193 203 208 281 296 297 236 248 252
Electricity cost 8 9 9 4 4 4
Food expense 672 720 743 754 805 809 712 762 776
Repairs 1,297 1,320 1,341 692 712 718 1,001 1,024 1,036
NON-CASH COSTS 13,456 18,249 16,498 17,667 17,570 17,086 15,515 17,711 16,649
Seeds 546 682 625 513 530 517 530 596 563
Fertilizer 47 41 39 24 21 20
Hired labor in kind 337 363 392 854 968 1,039 590 652 702
Harvesters' share 4,015 5,867 5,161 5,362 5,067 4,781 4,673 5,415 4,942
Threshers' share 3,755 5,487 4,826 5,096 4,815 4,543 4,411 5,111 4,664
Landowner's share 3,210 4,011 3,673 3,997 4,129 4,025 3,595 4,039 3,816
Caretaker/overseers wages 405 436 471 1,285 1,456 1,562 835 922 993
Rentals 1,046 1,245 1,204 519 563 578 788 879 877
Irrigation fee 94 117 107 41 42 41 68 76 72
IMPUTED COSTS 11,298 13,494 13,168 9,747 10,705 10,873 10,539 11,954 11,914
Seeds 333 416 381 167 173 169 252 283 267
Fertilizer 77 63 60 10 8 7 44 36 34
Pesticides 59 56 58 20 21 21 39 39 39
Operator labor 1,537 1,656 1,789 2,003 2,270 2,436 1,765 1,950 2,099
Family labor 2,035 2,192 2,368 1,043 1,182 1,268 1,550 1,712 1,843
Exchange labor 15 16 17 205 232 249 108 119 128
Depreciation 429 472 519 354 389 428 392 431 474
Interest on operating capital 626 893 898 693 1,005 1,007 659 946 947
Rental value of owned land 6,187 7,730 7,078 5,252 5,425 5,288 5,730 6,438 6,083
TOTAL COSTS 39,623 46,985 44,957 42,840 44,268 44,042 41,195 45,229 44,175
GROSS RETURNS 52,633 76,914 67,656 80,750 76,299 71,999 66,378 76,910 70,186
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 37,765 61,672 52,365 65,324 60,306 55,916 51,237 61,346 54,574
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 24,308 43,423 35,86747,657 42,736 38,830 35,722 43,635 37,925
NET RETURNS 13,011 29,929 22,699 37,910 32,031 27,957 25,183 31,681 26,011
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.33 0.64 0.50 0.88 0.72 0.63 0.61 0.70 0.59
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.08 12.24 12.19 9.79 11.06 11.37 10.80 11.50 11.63
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,281 3,838 3,687 4,374 4,001 3,873 3,815 3,934 3,800
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.04 20.04 18.35 18.46 19.07 18.59 17.4 19.55 18.47
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
63
Table 15B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 15,828 16,280 16,334 16,838 17,516 17,663 16,302 16,819 16,900
Seeds 1,161 1,459 1,336 1,786 1,845 1,799 1,454 1,643 1,552
Fertilizer 4,333 3,803 3,591 4,217 3,876 3,654 4,279 3,844 3,628
Pesticide 1,666 1,591 1,663 1,984 2,059 2,047 1,815 1,799 1,807
Hired labor 4,272 4,601 4,970 4,994 5,659 6,073 4,610 5,092 5,482
Land tax 199 201 203 149 150 152 175 177 179
Caretaker/overseer's wages 8 9 10 4 4 4
Other permanent employee's salary 6 6 6 331 375 402 158 175 188
Rentals 60 65 70 11 12 13 38 42 45
Fuel and Oil 374 414 413 402 445 430 387 428 420
Transport cost of inputs 169 170 167 86 86 85 130 130 128
Interest payment on crop loan 120 132 145 88 97 107 105 116 128
Irrigation fee 1,119 1,406 1,287 898 928 905 1,016 1,148 1,085
Sacks and tying materials 192 202 207 278 293 294 233 245 249
Electricity cost 11 12 12 6 7 7
Food expense 629 673 694 748 799 803 685 733 747
Repairs 1,509 1,536 1,560 867 892 899 1,208 1,236 1,251
NON-CASH COSTS 14,098 19,061 17,217 17,863 18,041 17,532 15,863 18,335 17,213
Seeds 506 636 582 545 563 549 524 592 559
Fertilizer 60 53 50 32 29 27
Hired labor in kind 224 241 260 848 961 1,031 517 571 615
Harvesters' share 4,313 6,201 5,482 5,527 5,370 5,065 4,882 5,752 5,259
Threshers' share 4,048 5,820 5,145 5,202 5,054 4,767 4,589 5,407 4,944
Landowner's share 3,902 4,902 4,489 3,932 4,062 3,960 3,916 4,425 4,181
Caretaker/overseers wages 419 451 487 1,444 1,636 1,756 899 993 1,069
Rentals 506 606 584 309 337 347 414 464 463
Irrigation fee 120 151 138 56 58 57 90 102 96
IMPUTED COSTS 12,017 14,409 14,037 9,843 10,776 10,902 10,998 12,519 12,438
Seeds 411 516 473 183 189 184 304 344 325
Fertilizer 98 83 78 13 11 10 58 49 46
Pesticides 75 72 75 28 29 29 53 53 53
Operator labor 1,403 1,511 1,632 1,702 1,929 2,070 1,543 1,704 1,835
Family labor 2,245 2,418 2,612 954 1,081 1,160 1,640 1,812 1,951
Exchange labor 15 16 17 160 181 194 83 92 99
Depreciation 483 531 584 388 427 470 439 483 531
Interest on operating capital 655 932 938 744 1,071 1,075 697 997 999
Rental value of owned land 6,630 8,330 7,628 5,671 5,858 5,710 6,181 6,985 6,599
TOTAL COSTS 41,943 49,750 47,588 44,545 46,333 46,097 43,163 47,673 46,551
GROSS RETURNS 56,049 80,581 71,235 84,788 82,382 77,706 69,523 81,915 74,896
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 40,220 64,301 54,901 67,951 64,866 60,043 53,222 65,096 57,996
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 26,122 45,240 37,68450,087 46,825 42,511
37,358 46,761 40,783
NET RETURNS 14,106 30,831 23,647 40,243 36,049 31,609 26,360 34,242 28,345
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.34 0.62 0.50 0.90 0.78 0.69 0.61 0.72 0.61
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.94 12.37 12.26 9.70 10.73 11.03 10.74 11.38 11.48
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,514 4,021 3,882 4,593 4,320 4,180 4,020 4,190 4,055
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.95 20.04 18.35 18.46 19.07 18.59 17.30 19.55 18.47
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
64
Table 15C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 11,418 11,509 11,536 11,757 12,045 11,979 11,602 11,757 11,708
Seeds 1,584 1,923 1,761 2,039 2,106 2,053 1,834 2,015 1,904
Fertilizer 3,201 2,724 2,577 3,446 3,150 2,957 3,334 2,946 2,777
Pesticides 1,869 1,785 1,866 1,926 1,999 1,988 1,900 1,884 1,892
Hired labor 2,427 2,614 2,824 2,369 2,685 2,881 2,395 2,646 2,849
Land tax 135 136 137 92 93 94 112 113 114
Rentals 42 45 49 9 10 11 24 27 29
Fuel and Oil 376 416 415 433 479 463 407 450 442
Transport cost of inputs 207 208 205 122 122 121 160 160 158
Interest payment on crop loan 16 18 20 29 32 35 23 25 28
Sacks and tying materials 198 208 213 288 303 304 247 260 264
Food expense 830 889 917 769 822 826 796 852 868
Repairs 534 543 552 237 244 246 370 379 383
NON-CASH COSTS 11,148 14,887 13,309 17,156 16,129 15,629 14,451 15,617 14,628
Seeds 693 841 770 429 443 432 548 602 569
Hired labor in kind 743 800 864 868 984 1,056 812 897 966
Harvesters' share 2,942 4,433 3,691 4,933 4,175 3,895 4,037 4,295 3,828
Threshers' share 2,702 4,072 3,391 4,822 4,081 3,807 3,867 4,114 3,667
Landowner's share 722 876 802 4,166 4,303 4,195 2,616 2,875 2,716
Caretaker/overseers wages 356 383 414 872 988 1,060 640 707 761
Rentals 2,988 3,482 3,377 1,067 1,155 1,184 1,932 2,127 2,121
IMPUTED COSTS 8,712 10,212 10,051 9,495 10,519 10,794 9,142 10,266 10,347
Seeds 50 61 56 126 130 127 92 101 95
Operator labor 2,019 2,175 2,349 2,784 3,155 3,386 2,440 2,695 2,901
Family labor 1,281 1,380 1,491 1,277 1,447 1,553 1,279 1,413 1,521
Exchange labor 14 15 16 321 364 391 183 202 217
Depreciation 232 255 281 264 290 319 250 275 303
Interest on operating capital 520 750 752 560 834 827 542 792 786
Rental value of owned land 4,594 5,576 5,106 4,162 4,299 4,191 4,357 4,788 4,524
TOTAL COSTS 31,277 36,608 34,896 38,408 38,693 38,402 35,198 37,640 36,683
GROSS RETURNS 40,349 60,801 50,628 70,255 59,460 55,473 56,792 60,429 53,859
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 28,931 49,292 39,092 58,498 47,415 43,494 45,188 48,672 42,151
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 17,784 34,405 25,78341,342 31,286 27,865 30,737 33,055 27,523
NET RETURNS 9,072 24,193 15,732 31,847 20,767 17,071 21,594 22,789 17,176
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.29 0.66 0.45 0.83 0.54 0.44 0.61 0.61 0.47
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.80 12.07 12.65 10.09 12.41 12.87 11.03 12.18 12.58
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,444 3,034 2,759 3,805 3,118 2,984 3,192 3,091 2,916
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 16.51 20.04 18.35 18.46 19.07 18.59 17.79 19.55 18.47
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
65
Table 16A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Caraga, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 15,800 17,345 17,877 17,363 17,897 18,091 16,472 17,452 17,837
Seeds 1,150 1,384 1,233 1,244 1,387 1,306 1,190 1,385 1,269
Fertilizer 3,204 2,650 2,620 3,333 2,797 2,772 3,259 2,711 2,684
Pesticides 1,420 1,318 1,293 1,768 1,850 1,572 1,569 1,542 1,418
Hired labor 5,999 7,536 8,182 5,440 5,937 6,449 5,759 6,732 7,311
Land tax 96 97 98 136 137 138 113 114 115
Caretaker/overseer's wages 30 38 41 39 43 47 34 40 43
Rentals 621 777 828 828 913 932 710 829 862
Fuel & Oil 379 416 378 840 848 790 577 607 559
Transport cost of inputs 95 96 96 174 175 175 129 130 130
Interest payment on crop loan 284 312 343 617 679 747 427 470 517
Irrigation fee 164 197 176 316 352 331 229 266 244
Sacks and Tying materials 296 313 323 419 439 448 349 367 376
Electricity cost 254 279 254 73 74 69 176 185 170
Food expense 1,245 1,338 1,403 1,153 1,227 1,262 1,205 1,288 1,338
Repairs 560 591 606 985 1,039 1,053 743 784 799
Others a/ 3 3 3 2 2 2
NON-CASH COSTS 12,487 15,969 14,000 14,916 16,721 15,462 13,531 16,349 14,752
Seeds 367 442 394 806 899 846 556 647 593
Fertilizer 11 10 10 14 11 11 12 10 10
Pesticides 3 6 5 1 0 0
Hired labor in kind 245 308 334 475 518 563 344 402 437
Harvesters' share 2,664 3,623 3,007 3,654 4,133 3,671 3,090 3,879 3,344
Threshers' share 3,612 4,913 4,078 4,389 4,964 4,409 3,946 4,953 4,270
Landowner's share 3,002 3,612 3,219 4,175 4,655 4,383 3,506 4,080 3,739
Caretaker/overseers wages 91 114 124 282 308 335 173 202 219
Rentals 1,569 1,900 1,749 286 316 316 1,018 1,186 1,123
Interest payment on crop loan 662 728 801 286 315 347 500 550 605
Irrigation fee 265 319 284 372 415 391 311 362 332
Sacks and Tying materials 173 181 185 74 78 80
IMPUTED COSTS 5,524 6,853 7,175 6,636 7,451 7,778 6,002 7,074 7,395
Seeds 158 190 169 87 97 91 128 149 137
Fertilizer 29 23 23 76 69 68 49 42 42
Pesticides 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Operator labor 1,787 2,245 2,437 2,136 2,331 2,532 1,937 2,264 2,459
Family labor 1,316 1,653 1,795 1,346 1,469 1,596 1,329 1,554 1,688
Exchange labor 99 124 135 93 102 111 97 113 123
Depreciation 626 689 758 804 884 972 703 773 850
Interest on operating capital 675 932 962 675 919 918 675 919 937
Rental value of owned land 786 946 843 1,390 1,550 1,459 1,046 1,217 1,115
Fuel & Oil a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Transport cost of inputs 2 2 2 1 1 1
Sacks and Tying materials 47 50 52 25 26 27 38 40 41
TOTAL COSTS 33,811 40,167 39,052 38,915 42,069 41,331 36,005 40,875 39,984
GROSS RETURNS 47,596 64,737 53,729 53,733 60,776 53,983 50,234 63,058 54,365
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 31,796 47,392 35,852 36,370 42,879 35,892 33,762 45,606 36,528
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 19,309 31,423 21,85221,454 26,158 20,430 20,231 29,257 21,776
NET RETURNS 13,785 24,570 14,677 14,818 18,707 12,652 14,229 22,183 14,381
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.41 0.61 0.38 0.38 0.44 0.31 0.40 0.54 0.36
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.18 11.75 12.27 12.53 13.36 13.91 11.77 12.39 12.89
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,023 3,418 3,183 3,105 3,149 2,971 3,058 3,298 3,103
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.74 18.94 16.88 17.31 19.3 18.17 16.43 19.12 17.52
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
66
Table 16B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Caraga, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 18,300 20,217 20,888 20,054 20,986 21,304 19,172 20,525 21,018
Seeds 1,151 1,369 1,220 1,399 1,529 1,440 1,274 1,449 1,328
Fertilizer 4,460 3,918 3,873 4,146 3,850 3,812 4,303 3,879 3,840
Pesticide 1,311 1,217 1,194 1,466 1,534 1,304 1,388 1,364 1,254
Hired labor 7,443 9,350 10,151 6,256 6,828 7,417 6,853 8,011 8,700
Land tax 72 73 74 123 124 125 97 98 99
Caretaker/overseer's wages 82 103 112 83 91 99 83 97 105
Rentals 443 554 591 1,150 1,257 1,245 795 917 919
Fuel and Oil 333 365 332 664 670 624 498 524 482
Transport cost of inputs 111 112 111 147 148 148 129 130 130
Interest payment on crop loan 466 513 564 1,049 1,154 1,269 756 832 915
Irrigation fee 455 541 482 666 728 685 560 637 584
Sacks and tying materials 393 416 429 455 477 487 424 446 457
Electricity cost 9 10 9 10 10 9 10 11 10
Food expense 1,131 1,215 1,274 1,206 1,283 1,320 1,169 1,250 1,299
Repairs 437 461 472 1,235 1,303 1,320 834 880 896
NON-CASH COSTS 14,620 18,636 16,532 16,864 18,619 17,395 15,736 18,682 17,031
Seeds 432 514 458 523 572 539 477 543 498
Fertilizer 31 27 27 30 28 28 30 28 28
Pesticides 6 6 5 3 3 3
Hired labor in kind 158 198 215 469 512 556 313 366 397
Harvesters' share 2,172 3,024 2,564 3,434 3,841 3,487 2,799 3,490 3,072
Threshers' share 3,990 5,555 4,710 4,808 5,377 4,881 4,397 5,482 4,826
Landowner's share 2,864 3,405 3,035 5,812 6,352 5,980 4,329 4,924 4,512
Caretaker/overseers wages 252 317 344 352 384 417 302 353 383
Rentals 3,529 4,219 3,846 278 304 298 1,914 2,184 2,043
Interest payment on crop loan 461 507 558 36 40 44 250 275 303
Irrigation fee 732 870 775 786 859 809 758 862 790
Sacks and tying materials 328 344 351 163 172 176
IMPUTED COSTS 5,508 6,863 7,232 5,788 6,542 6,901 5,647 6,682 7,047
Seeds 115 137 122 74 81 76 95 108 99
Fertilizer 72 60 60 52 46 45 61 52 52
Pesticides 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3
Operator labor 2,166 2,721 2,954 1,990 2,172 2,359 2,078 2,429 2,638
Family labor 1,087 1,365 1,482 1,318 1,438 1,562 1,202 1,405 1,526
Exchange labor 33 41 45 45 49 53 39 46 50
Depreciation 543 597 657 806 887 976 674 741 815
Interest on operating capital 823 1,161 1,200 760 1,058 1,065 792 1,103 1,128
Rental value of owned land 559 665 593 721 788 742 640 728 667
Fuel and Oil a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Sacks and tying materials 107 113 116 20 21 21 64 67 69
TOTAL COSTS 38,427 45,716 44,652 42,707 46,147 45,600 40,555 45,889 45,096
GROSS RETURNS 50,252 69,964 59,316 58,896 65,871 59,797 54,549 68,010 59,866
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 31,952 49,747 38,428 38,841 44,885 38,493 35,377 47,485 38,848
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 17,332 31,111 21,89621,977 26,266 21,098 19,641 28,803 21,817
NET RETURNS 11,825 24,248 14,664 16,189 19,724 14,197 13,994 22,121 14,770
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.31 0.53 0.33 0.38 0.43 0.31 0.35 0.48 0.33
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.18 12.38 12.71 12.80 13.52 13.86 12.50 12.90 13.20
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,155 3,694 3,514 3,336 3,413 3,291 3,245 3,557 3,417
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.93 18.94 16.88 17.66 19.3 18.17 16.81 19.12 17.52
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
67
Table 16C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, Caraga, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 14,385 20,372 20,840 14,937 20,289 20,034 14,596 20,305 20,504
Seeds 1,149 1,392 1,241 1,104 1,258 1,184 1,132 1,342 1,230
Fertilizer 2,493 2,142 2,121 2,596 2,393 2,372 2,532 2,255 2,233
Pesticides 1,481 1,374 1,348 2,039 2,134 1,814 1,695 1,666 1,531
Hired labor 5,181 6,538 7,099 4,705 4,684 5,088 4,999 5,801 6,300
Land tax 109 110 111 148 149 150 124 125 126
Rentals 722 903 961 538 588 636 652 763 817
Fuel & Oil 406 446 406 998 1,007 938 632 665 612
Transport cost of inputs 86 87 87 198 199 199 129 130 130
Interest payment on crop loan 180 198 218 227 250 275 198 218 240
Sacks and Tying materials 242 256 264 385 403 411 297 313 321
Electricity cost 393 431 392 130 131 122 292 307 283
Food expense 1,309 1,407 1,476 1,105 1,176 1,210 1,231 1,316 1,367
Repairs 630 664 681 760 802 813 680 717 730
Others a/ 5 5 5 3 3 3
NON-CASH COSTS 11,279 14,573 12,636 13,160 14,662 12,911 12,000 14,678 13,008
Seeds 331 401 357 1,061 1,209 1,138 611 724 663
Pesticides a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Hired labor in kind 294 369 401 481 525 570 365 427 464
Harvesters' share 2,943 3,755 3,031 3,852 4,099 3,298 3,291 3,928 3,252
Threshers' share 3,398 4,336 3,500 4,012 4,269 3,435 3,633 4,337 3,590
Landowner's share 3,080 3,732 3,326 2,699 3,075 2,895 2,934 3,478 3,187
Caretaker/overseers wages 219 239 260 84 98 106
Rentals 459 563 541 292 325 331 395 466 459
Interest payment on crop loan 776 854 939 511 562 618 674 741 815
Sacks and Tying materials 32 34 35 12 13 13
IMPUTED COSTS 5,533 6,880 7,175 7,401 8,432 8,722 6,248 7,438 7,724
Seeds 183 222 198 99 113 106 151 179 164
Fertilizer 4 3 3 99 91 90 40 36 36
Pesticides a/ 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Operator labor 1,572 1,975 2,144 2,268 2,475 2,688 1,839 2,150 2,335
Family labor 1,445 1,815 1,971 1,370 1,495 1,624 1,416 1,655 1,797
Exchange labor 137 172 187 137 150 163 137 160 174
Depreciation 673 740 814 803 883 971 723 795 875
Interest on operating capital 590 827 853 599 829 817 594 829 840
Rental value of owned land 915 1,109 988 1,992 2,269 2,136 1,328 1,574 1,442
Fuel & Oil a/ 0 0 a/ 0 0
Transport cost of inputs 4 4 4 1 1 1
Sacks and Tying materials 13 14 14 29 30 31 20 21 22
TOTAL COSTS 31,197 41,825 40,651 35,497 43,383 41,667 32,844 42,421 41,236
GROSS RETURNS 46,092 58,809 47,467 49,079 52,226 42,027 47,236 56,385 46,673
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 31,707 38,437 26,627 34,142 31,937 21,993 32,640 36,080 26,169
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 20,428 23,864 13,99120,982 17,275 9,082 20,640 21,402 13,161
NET RETURNS 14,895 16,984 6,816 13,582 8,843 360 14,392 13,964 5,437
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.48 0.41 0.17 0.38 0.20 0.01 0.44 0.33 0.13
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.58 13.47 14.46 12.25 16.03 18.01 11.21 14.38 15.48
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,948 3,105 2,812 2,897 2,706 2,313 2,929 2,949 2,664
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.63 18.94 16.88 16.94 19.3 18.17 16.13 19.12 17.52
a/ Less than ₱1.00
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
68
Table 17A. All Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, ARMM, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 12,161 12,976 13,257 11,189 11,608 11,709 11,741 12,315 12,492
Seeds 2,047 2,027 1,879 1,774 1,913 1,800 1,929 1,979 1,849
Fertilizer 1,906 1,867 1,843 1,496 1,481 1,478 1,730 1,703 1,689
Pesticides 1,009 1,021 1,013 670 662 579 863 863 806
Hired labor 4,662 5,351 5,717 4,798 4,994 5,265 4,721 5,151 5,466
Land tax 176 178 180 161 163 165 170 172 175
Rentals 823 944 1,009 589 613 646 722 788 836
Fuel & Oil 33 34 32 10 10 9 23 24 23
Transport cost of inputs 201 203 201 256 256 256 225 226 225
Interest payment on crop loan 19 21 23 11 12 13
Irrigation fee 487 525 494 210 215 201
Sacks and Tying materials 425 442 455 447 466 477 434 452 464
Food expense 189 199 208 354 376 390 260 275 286
Repairs 672 689 697 146 149 150 445 455 459
NON-CASH COSTS 4,626 4,834 4,349 4,820 6,443 5,995 4,710 5,473 5,034
Seeds 105 104 96 71 77 72 90 92 86
Hired labor in kind 5 3 3 2 0 0
Harvesters' share 1,885 2,018 1,789 2,436 3,342 3,106 2,123 2,557 2,341
Threshers' share 1,218 1,304 1,156 1,813 2,487 2,312 1,475 1,776 1,626
Landowner's share 1,155 1,143 1,059 495 534 502 870 893 834
Caretaker/overseers wages 23 26 28 13 14 15
Rentals 49 49 45 28 29 27
Irrigation fee 192 190 176 109 112 105
IMPUTED COSTS 9,984 11,313 11,865 10,531 11,169 11,471 10,220 11,132 11,555
Operator labor 2,306 2,647 2,828 2,426 2,525 2,662 2,358 2,573 2,730
Family labor 5,155 5,916 6,321 4,263 4,437 4,677 4,770 5,204 5,522
Exchange labor 260 298 318 553 576 607 387 422 448
Depreciation 279 307 338 362 398 438 315 347 382
Interest on operating capital 551 727 743 501 619 624 530 678 687
Rental value of owned land 1,403 1,389 1,287 2,380 2,566 2,414 1,824 1,871 1,748
Sacks and Tying materials 28 29 30 46 48 49 36 37 38
TOTAL COSTS 26,771 29,123 29,471 26,540 29,220 29,175 26,671 28,920 29,081
GROSS RETURNS 38,868 41,605 36,882 36,439 49,987 46,465 37,820 45,545 41,699
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 26,707 28,629 23,625 25,250 38,379 34,756 26,079 33,230 29,207
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-
CASH COSTS 22,081 23,795 19,27620,430 31,936 28,761 21,369 27,757 24,173
NET RETURNS 12,097 12,482 7,411 9,899 20,767 17,290 11,149 16,625 12,618
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.45 0.43 0.25 0.37 0.71 0.59 0.42 0.57 0.43
Cost per kilogram (P) 12.37 12.45 13.17 12.00 10.39 10.50 12.21 11.28 11.58
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,164 2,340 2,238 2,211 2,813 2,779 2,184 2,563 2,512
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.96 17.78 16.48 16.48 17.77 16.72 17.32 17.77 16.60
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
69
Table 17B. Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, ARMM, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
CASH COSTS 14,216 15,399 15,944 18,257 19,137 19,385 15,820 16,736 17,135
Seeds 1,037 1,034 958 1,785 2,050 1,929 1,334 1,408 1,315
Fertilizer 2,158 2,087 2,051 2,176 2,123 2,132 2,165 2,112 2,089
Pesticides 988 1,000 993 1,193 1,177 1,030 1,069 1,068 998
Hired labor 6,449 7,402 7,908 8,360 8,702 9,174 7,208 7,864 8,345
Land tax 95 96 97 139 140 141 112 113 114
Rentals 1,543 1,771 1,892 1,719 1,789 1,886 1,613 1,760 1,868
Fuel and Oil 54 56 53 30 30 28 44 45 42
Transport cost of inputs 268 270 268 281 281 281 274 275 274
Irrigation fee 1,422 1,633 1,536 565 596 557
Sacks and tying materials 470 488 502 319 332 340 410 427 438
Food expense 376 396 414 687 730 757 499 528 550
Repairs 779 799 808 147 150 151 528 540 545
NON-CASH COSTS 6,246 6,882 6,421 6,233 7,936 7,278 6,241 7,334 6,794
Seeds 187 186 172 113 119 111
Harvesters' share 1,567 1,885 1,763 2,788 3,655 3,329 2,052 2,570 2,367
Threshers' share 1,567 1,885 1,763 2,000 2,622 2,388 1,739 2,178 2,006
Landowner's share 2,380 2,373 2,200 1,444 1,659 1,561 2,009 2,120 1,981
Caretaker/overseers wages 59 68 73 35 38 40
Irrigation fee 486 485 450 293 309 289
IMPUTED COSTS 8,155 9,353 9,878 6,851 7,325 7,711 7,637 8,445 8,892
Operator labor 2,277 2,613 2,792 2,977 3,099 3,267 2,555 2,788 2,959
Family labor 4,304 4,940 5,278 1,943 2,022 2,132 3,366 3,672 3,897
Exchange labor 27 31 33 356 371 391 158 172 183
Depreciation 241 265 292 667 734 807 410 451 496
Interest on operating capital 609 808 834 774 960 972 675 864 884
Rental value of owned land 654 652 604 394 416 389
Sacks and tying materials 42 44 45 133 139 142 79 82 84
TOTAL COSTS 28,616 31,634 32,243 31,341 34,398 34,374 29,698 32,515 32,821
GROSS RETURNS 47,790 57,501 53,791 45,325 59,423 54,123 46,811 58,623 53,983
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 33,574 42,102 37,847 27,068 40,286 34,738 30,991 41,887 36,848
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 27,329 35,220 31,42620,835 32,350 27,460 24,751 34,553 30,054
NET RETURNS 19,174 25,867 21,548 13,984 25,025 19,749 17,113 26,108 21,162
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.67 0.82 0.67 0.45 0.73 0.57 0.58 0.80 0.64
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.68 9.78 9.88 10.70 10.29 10.62 10.69 9.86 10.09
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,680 3,234 3,264 2,930 3,344 3,237 2,779 3,299 3,252
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 17.83 17.78 16.48 15.47 17.77 16.72 16.84 17.77 16.60
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
ITEM
70
Table 17C. Non-Irrigated Palay: Average production costs and returns per hectare, ARMM, 2013-2015
DRY SEASON WET SEASON AVERAGE
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
(In Pesos Per Hectare)
CASH COSTS 10,821 11,339 11,448 7,504 7,690 7,719 9,323 9,645 9,693
Seeds 2,705 2,659 2,465 1,768 1,814 1,707 2,282 2,286 2,136
Fertilizer 1,742 1,686 1,668 1,142 1,129 1,123 1,471 1,439 1,430
Pesticides 1,022 1,034 1,026 398 393 344 740 740 692
Hired labor 3,497 4,014 4,289 2,941 3,061 3,227 3,246 3,541 3,758
Land tax 229 231 233 173 175 179 204 206 210
Rentals 353 405 433 194 212 225
Fuel & Oil 19 20 19 10 10 9
Transport cost of inputs 158 159 158 242 242 242 196 197 196
Interest payment on crop loan 32 35 39 17 19 21
Sacks and Tying materials 395 410 422 514 536 549 448 466 478
Food expense 67 70 73 181 192 199 118 125 130
Repairs 601 616 623 145 148 149 395 404 408
NON-CASH COSTS 3,571 3,983 3,327 4,084 5,788 5,633 3,803 4,706 4,346
Seeds 51 50 46 108 111 104 77 77 72
Hired labor in kind 7 7 7 3 3 3
Harvesters' share 2,092 2,377 1,956 2,253 3,219 3,135 2,165 2,727 2,516
Threshers' share 991 1,126 927 1,716 2,451 2,387 1,318 1,660 1,532
Landowner's share 356 350 324 195 195 182
Rentals 81 80 74 44 44 41
IMPUTED COSTS 11,176 12,576 13,144 12,449 12,981 13,251 11,751 12,663 13,077
Operator labor 2,324 2,667 2,849 2,139 2,226 2,347 2,241 2,445 2,595
Family labor 5,710 6,553 7,001 5,473 5,697 6,006 5,603 6,113 6,487
Exchange labor 412 473 505 655 682 719 522 570 605
Depreciation 304 334 367 203 223 245 258 284 312
Interest on operating capital 514 670 678 358 438 439 443 563 566
Rental value of owned land 1,891 1,859 1,723 3,621 3,715 3,495 2,672 2,677 2,501
Sacks and Tying materials 19 20 21 11 11 11
TOTAL COSTS 25,568 27,898 27,919 24,037 26,459 26,603 24,876 27,014 27,116
GROSS RETURNS 33,052 37,551 30,900 31,807 45,438 44,258 32,490 40,924 37,765
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 22,231 26,212 19,452 24,303 37,748 36,539 23,167 31,279 28,072
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
NON-CASH COSTS 18,660 22,229 16,12520,219 31,960 30,906 19,364 26,573 23,726
NET RETURNS 7,484 9,653 2,981 7,771 18,979 17,655 7,613 13,910 10,649
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.29 0.35 0.11 0.32 0.72 0.66 0.31 0.51 0.39
Cost per kilogram (P) 14.00 13.21 14.89 13.09 10.35 10.05 13.59 11.73 11.92
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,827 2,112 1,875 1,836 2,557 2,647 1,831 2,303 2,275
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 18.09 17.78 16.48 17.32 17.77 16.72 17.74 17.77 16.6
ITEM
71
B. CORN
72
SUMMARY TABLES
73
Table 18.1. All Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production,
by Region, Philippines, 2015
GROSS TOTAL NET COST/ FARMGATE
RETURNS COSTS RETURNS KILOGRAM PRICE/KG
(P/ha) (P/ha) (P/ha) (P) (P)
PHILIPPINES 36,101 22,023 14,078 0.64 7.50 12.30
CAR
ILOCOS
CAGAYAN VALLEY 50,283 44,894 5,389 0.12 10.62 11.89
CENTRAL LUZON
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA 49,815 16,761 33,054 1.97 4.19 12.46
BICOL 33,801 13,357 20,444 1.53 5.64 14.28
WESTERN VISAYAS 38,258 25,401 12,857 0.51 8.71 13.12
CENTRAL VISAYAS
EASTERN VISAYAS
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 21,163 12,850 8,313 0.65 7.68 12.65
NORTHERN MINDANAO 38,777 17,788 20,989 1.18 5.51 12.02
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN 35,355 21,112 14,243 0.67 7.09 11.88
CARAGA 32,755 21,670 11,085 0.51 7.73 11.69
ARMM 28,322 17,618 10,704 0.61 7.39 11.88
REGIONNET PROFIT-
COST RATIO
Table 18.2. White Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production,
by Region, Philippines, 2015
GROSS TOTAL NET COST/ FARMGATE
RETURNS COSTS RETURNS KILOGRAM PRICE/KG
(P/ha) (P/ha) (P/ha) (P) (P)
PHILIPPINES 22,049 14,504 7,545 0.52 8.60 13.07
CAR
ILOCOS
CAGAYAN VALLEY 27,151 26,111 1,040 0.04 10.85 11.28
CENTRAL LUZON
CALABARZON 21,062 6,602 14,460 2.19 4.15 13.23
MIMAROPA 29,002 21,705 7,297 0.34 9.78 13.07
BICOL 16,148 10,134 6,014 0.59 9.63 15.35
WESTERN VISAYAS 29,134 12,230 16,904 1.38 6.38 15.19
CENTRAL VISAYAS 12,139 12,778 -639 -0.05 16.05 15.25
EASTERN VISAYAS 17,335 9,054 8,281 0.91 6.31 12.08
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 19,644 12,503 7,141 0.57 8.20 12.89
NORTHERN MINDANAO 25,513 15,645 9,868 0.63 7.75 12.63
DAVAO REGION 16,230 14,999 1,231 0.08 11.85 12.82
SOCCSKSARGEN 25,333 16,286 9,047 0.56 8.46 13.16
CARAGA 22,859 16,034 6,825 0.43 8.45 12.05
ARMM 26,390 16,115 10,275 0.64 7.36 12.05
REGIONREGIONNET PROFIT-
COST RATIO
74
Table 18.3. Yellow Corn: Summary of Updated Average Costs of Production,
BY REGION, PHILIPPINES, 2015
REGION GROSS TOTAL NET COST/ FARMGATE
RETURNS COSTS RETURNS KILOGRAM PRICE/KG
(P/ha) (P/ha) (P/ha) (P) (P)
PHILIPPINES 49,794 36,275 13,519 0.37 8.73 11.99
CAR 49,833 33,644 16,189 0.48 8.69 12.87
ILOCOS 78,972 50,175 28,797 0.57 8.32 13.09
CAGAYAN VALLEY 51,332 45,027 6,305 0.14 10.45 11.91
CENTRAL LUZON 74,515 50,276 24,239 0.48 7.54 11.18
CALABARZON
MIMAROPA 56,234 15,447 40,787 2.64 3.40 12.37
BICOL 52,280 18,227 34,053 1.87 4.87 13.96
WESTERN VISAYAS 44,708 40,073 4,635 0.12 11.06 12.34
CENTRAL VISAYAS
EASTERN VISAYAS
ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 39,968 17,106 22,862 1.34 4.88 11.40
NORTHERN MINDANAO 54,041 34,054 19,987 0.59 7.39 11.72
DAVAO REGION
SOCCSKSARGEN 39,476 27,771 11,705 0.42 8.15 11.58
CARAGA 55,494 36,825 18,669 0.51 7.54 11.36
ARMM 38,125 30,298 7,827 0.26 9.01 11.34
NET PROFIT-
COST RATIO
75
FIGURES
76
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
in p
eso
s
Region
Figure 10. Corn: Total Costs per Hectare by Crop Type, by Region, 2015
All Corn
White Corn
Yellow Corn
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
in p
eso
s
Region
Figure 11. Corn: Gross Returns per Hectare by Crop Type, by Region, 2015
All Corn
White Corn
Yellow Corn
77
-0.25
0.25
0.75
1.25
1.75
2.25
2.75
(pe
rcen
t)
Region
Figure 12. Corn: Net Profit-Cost Ratio by Crop Type, by Region, 2015
All Corn
White Corn
Yellow Corn
78
STATISTICAL
TABLES
79
Table 18A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos per hectare)
CASH COSTS 13,580 14,395 14,467Seeds 2,161 2,306 2,170
Fertilizer 3,878 3,622 3,510Pesticides 491 858 853
Hired labor 4,214 4,615 4,883Caretaker/overseer's wages 16 18 19
Land tax 108 109 110Rentals 306 331 332
Fuel and oil 271 279 254Transport cost of inputs 187 189 189
Interest payment on crop loan 442 486 535Irrigation fee 12 13 12
Electricity cost 11 11 10Food expense 564 604 620
Repairs 614 636 648Other costs 305 318 322
NON-CASH COSTS 2,004 2,190 2,062
Seeds 178 190 179Fertilizer 71 69 67
Pesticides 14 28 28
Hired labor in kind 91 100 106
Caretaker/overseer's wages 2 2 2
Harvesters' share 919 1,014 941
Sheller's share 245 270 251
Landowner's share 465 496 467
Rentals 14 15 14Interest payment on crop loan 5 6 7
IMPUTED COSTS 5,055 5,427 5,494
Seeds 56 60 56Fertilizer 86 82 79
Pesticides 4 6 6Operator labor 91 100 106
Family labor 1,831 2,005 2,121Exchange labor 289 316 334
Depreciation 328 361 397Interest on operating capital 620 631 638
Rental value of owned land 1,730 1,846 1,737Land tax 11 11 11
Other costs 9 9 9
TOTAL COSTS 20,639 22,012 22,023
GROSS RETURNS 35,256 38,896 36,101RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 21,676 24,501 21,634
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 19,672 22,311 19,572
NET RETURNS 14,617 16,884 14,078
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.71 0.77 0.64
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.17 7.40 7.50
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,878 2,976 2,935
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.25 13.07 12.30
80
Table 18B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos per hectare)
CASH COSTS 6,119 6,293 6,382
Seeds 119 120 113
Fertilizer 2,162 1,942 1,882
Pesticides 255 372 369
Hired labor 2,177 2,384 2,522
Caretaker/overseer's wages 1 1 1
Land tax 110 111 112
Rentals 214 231 240
Fuel & Oil 2 2 2
Transport cost of inputs 146 147 147
Interest payment on crop loan 57 63 69
Irrigation fee 6 6 6
Electricity cost 6 6 5
Food expense 365 391 401
Repairs 379 393 400
Other costs 120 124 113
NON-CASH COSTS 1,636 1,711 1,585
Seeds 175 176 165
Fertilizer 7 7 7
Pesticides 2 6 6
Hired labor in kind 87 98 104
Harvesters' share 793 840 760
Sheller's share 175 185 167
Landowner's share 382 384 361
Caretaker/overseer's wages 3 3 3
Rentals 12 12 12
IMPUTED COSTS 5,861 6,297 6,537
Seeds 33 33 31
Fertilizer 6 7 7
Pesticides 2 6 6
Operator labor 1,937 2,121 2,244
Family labor 2,134 2,337 2,473
Exchange labor 241 264 279
Depreciation 199 219 241
Interest on operating capital 272 266 273
Rental value of owned land 1,018 1,025 964
Land tax 13 13 13
Transport cost of inputs 1 1 1
Other costs 5 5 5
TOTAL COSTS 13,616 14,301 14,504
GROSS RETURNS 22,994 24,367 22,049
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 16,875 18,074 15,667
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 15,239 16,363 14,082
NET RETURNS 9,378 10,066 7,545
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.69 0.70 0.52
Cost per kilogram (P) 8.18 8.16 8.60
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,665 1,753 1,687Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.81 13.90 13.07
81
Table 18C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Philippines, 2013 - 2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos per hectare)
CASH COSTS 26,138 28,166 28,182Seeds 5,600 6,135 5,779
Fertilizer 6,769 6,443 6,245Pesticides 888 1,671 1,661
Hired labor 7,644 8,371 8,857Caretaker/overseer's wages 40 44 47
Land tax 105 106 107Rentals 460 504 490
Fuel & oil 723 745 679Transport cost of inputs 256 258 258
Interest payment on crop loan 1,089 1,198 1,318
Irrigation fee 21 23 22Electricity cost 19 20 18
Food expense 899 962 987Repairs 1,009 1,045 1,064
Other costs 616 641 650
NON-CASH COSTS 2,625 2,888 2,735Seeds 182 199 187
Fertilizer 180 179 173Pesticides 35 35 35
Hired labor in kind 98 107 113Harvesters' share 1,131 1,265 1,187
Sheller's share 361 404 379Landowner's share 606 664 625
Rentals 18 20 19 Interest payment on crop loan 14 15 17
IMPUTED COSTS 7,584 5,537 5,358
Seeds 95 104 98
Fertilizer 220 210 204Pesticides 9 12 12
Operator labor 860 40 24Family labor 1,323 65 40
Exchange labor 370 16 10Depreciation 547 602 662
Interest on operating capital 1,206 1,253 1,260Rental value of owned land 2,930 3,210 3,023
Land tax 8 8 8Other costs 16 17 17
TOTAL COSTS 36,347 36,591 36,275
GROSS RETURNS 47,456 53,071 49,794
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 21,318 24,905 21,612RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 18,693 22,017 18,877
NET RETURNS 11,109 16,480 13,519
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.31 0.45 0.37
Cost per kilogram (P) 8.90 8.78 8.73
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,084 4,169 4,153Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.62 12.73 11.99
82
Table 19. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, CAR, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 20,938 21,473 21,565
Seeds 3,436 3,649 3,701
Fertilizer 8,325 8,125 7,770
Pesticides 367 360 305
Hired labor 4,489 4,841 5,172
Land tax 2 2 2
Rentals 71 75 76
Transport cost of inputs 340 342 336
Interest payment on crop loan 600 660 726
Food expense 1,182 1,233 1,263
Repairs 1,166 1,190 1,203
Other costs 960 996 1,011
NON-CASH COSTS 2,659 2,749 2,749
Hired labor in kind 340 386 386
Harvester's share 151 153 153
Sheller's share 1,776 1,794 1,794
Landowner's share 392 416 416
IMPUTED COSTS 8,442 8,906 9,336
Seeds 287 305 309
Fertilizer 1,038 1,013 969
Operator labor 403 435 465
Family labor 3,623 3,907 4,174
Exchange labor 1,909 2,059 2,200
Depreciation 225 248 273
Interest on operating capital 957 939 946
TOTAL COSTS 32,039 33,109 33,644
GROSS RETURNS 49,796 50,316 49,833
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 28,858 28,843 28,268
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON-CASH COSTS 26,199 26,113 25,525NET RETURNS 17,757 17,207 16,189
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.55 0.52 0.48
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.69 8.35 8.69
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,167 3,965 3,872
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.95 12.69 12.87
83
Table 20. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Ilocos Region, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 39,790 41,272 42,029
Seeds 8,690 9,150 9,402
Fertilizer 9,396 9,049 8,950
Pesticides 503 488 481
Hired labor 12,348 13,278 14,206
Caretaker/overseer's wages 9 10 11
Land tax 186 188 190
Rentals 1,307 1,383 1,434
Fuel and Oil 3,846 4,052 3,602
Transport cost of inputs 408 410 406
Interest payment on crop loan 296 326 359
Irrigation fee 123 130 134
Food expense 472 505 518
Repairs 1,237 1,290 1,309
Other costs 969 1,013 1,027
NON-CASH COSTS 253 266 273
Seeds 253 266 273
IMPUTED COSTS 7,086 7,450 7,873
Seeds 27 28 29
Fertilizer 41 39 38
Pesticides 26 26 26
Operator labor 1,219 1,311 1,403
Family labor 1,197 1,287 1,377
Exchange labor 25 27 29
Depreciation 1,020 1,122 1,234
Interest on operating capital 1,782 1,768 1,844
Rental value of owned land 1,749 1,842 1,893
TOTAL COSTS 47,129 48,988 50,175
GROSS RETURNS 69,890 74,669 78,972
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 30,100 33,397 36,943
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 29,847 33,131 36,670
NET RETURNS 22,761 25,681 28,797
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.48 0.52 0.57
Cost per kilogram (P) 8.16 8.36 8.32
Yield per hectare (kg) 5,776 5,861 6,033
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.10 12.74 13.09
84
Table 21A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 31,868 32,833 33,142
Seeds 8,647 9,141 8,765
Fertilizer 8,088 7,511 7,255
Pesticides 1,366 1,353 1,358
Hired labor 8,266 8,962 9,604
Caretaker/overseer's wages 33 36 39
Land tax 80 81 82
Rentals 221 235 230
Fuel and Oil 297 303 289
Transport cost of inputs 170 171 173
Interest payment on crop loan 2,244 2,468 2,715
Irrigation fee 3 3 3
Food expense 1,208 1,284 1,318
Repairs 505 515 525
Other costs 740 770 786
NON-CASH COSTS 2,881 3,103 2,974
Seeds 2 2 2
Hired labor in kind 35 38 41
Harvester's share 1,705 1,859 1,777
Sheller's share 14 15 14
Landowner's share 1,125 1,189 1,140
IMPUTED COSTS 8,445 8,863 8,778
Seeds 5 5 5
Operator labor 540 587 629
Family labor 484 526 564
Exchange labor 45 49 53
Depreciation 453 498 548
Interest on operating capital 1,521 1,493 1,508
Rental value of owned land 5,397 5,705 5,471
TOTAL COSTS 43,194 44,799 44,894
GROSS RETURNS 48,234 52,601 50,283
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 16,366 19,768 17,141
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 13,485 16,665 14,167
NET RETURNS 5,040 7,802 5,389
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.12 0.17 0.12
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.50 10.56 10.62
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,112 4,242 4,229
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.73 12.40 11.89
85
Table 21B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 9,340 9,462 9,755
Fertilizer 2,240 1,874 1,753
Pesticides 720 713 716
Hired labor 4,780 5,194 5,565
Transport cost of inputs 40 40 41
Food expense 960 1,020 1,047
Repairs 120 122 124
Other costs 480 499 509
NON-CASH COSTS 1,476 1,476 1,476
Seeds 180 189 181
Harvester's share 1,296 1,287 1,295
IMPUTED COSTS 13,649 14,564 14,880
Operator labor 4,860 5,281 5,659
Family labor 1,640 1,782 1,909
Exchange labor 520 565 605
Depreciation 183 201 221
Interest on operating capital 446 430 448
Rental value of owned land 6,000 6,305 6,038
TOTAL COSTS 24,465 25,502 26,111
GROSS RETURNS 27,162 26,976 27,151
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 17,822 17,514 17,396
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 16,346 16,038 15,920
NET RETURNS 2,697 1,474 1,040
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.11 0.06 0.04
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.10 11.14 10.85
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,423 2,290 2,407
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.21 11.78 11.28
86
Table 21C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Cagayan Valley, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 32,084 33,056 33,364
Seeds 8,730 9,228 8,849
Fertilizer 8,144 7,564 7,306
Pesticides 1,372 1,359 1,364
Hired labor 8,300 8,998 9,642
Caretaker/overseer's wages 33 36 39
Land tax 80 81 82
Rentals 224 238 233
Fuel and Oil 300 306 292
Transport cost of inputs 171 172 174
Interest payment on crop loan 2,266 2,493 2,742
Irrigation fee 3 3 3
Food expense 1,210 1,286 1,320
Repairs 508 519 529
Other costs 743 773 789
NON-CASH COSTS 2,894 3,116 2,981
Hired labor in kind 35 38 41
Harvester's share 1,709 1,862 1,774
Sheller's share 14 15 14
Landowner's share 1,136 1,201 1,152
IMPUTED COSTS 8,394 8,775 8,682
Seeds 5 5 5
Operator labor 498 526 563
Family labor 473 499 535
Exchange labor 41 43 46
Depreciation 455 501 551
Interest on operating capital 1,531 1,503 1,518
Rental value of owned land 5,391 5,698 5,464
TOTAL COSTS 43,372 44,947 45,027
GROSS RETURNS 49,432 53,866 51,332
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 17,348 20,810 17,968
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 14,454 17,694 14,987
NET RETURNS 6,060 8,919 6,305
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.14 0.20 0.14
Cost per kilogram (P) 10.31 10.36 10.45
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,207 4,337 4,310
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.75 12.42 11.91
87
Table 22. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Luzon, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 37,852 38,395 38,008
Seeds 6,776 6,716 6,055
Fertilizer 7,819 7,580 7,280
Pesticides 182 186 176
Hired labor 11,952 12,498 13,498
Land tax 110 111 112
Rentals 1,858 1,855 1,699
Fuel and Oil 3,669 3,731 3,356
Transport cost of inputs 178 181 179
Interest payment on crop loan 932 1,025 1,128
Irrigation fee 135 134 121
Electricity cost 387 394 354
Food expense 1,019 1,087 1,118
Repairs 2,554 2,606 2,637
Other costs 281 291 295
NON-CASH COSTS 524 512 469
Seeds 65 64 58
Fertilizer 129 121 116
Landowner's share 330 327 295
IMPUTED COSTS 10,878 11,360 11,799
Seeds 806 799 720
Fertilizer 942 885 850
Pesticides 16 16 15
Operator labor 4,206 4,569 4,935
Family labor 1,477 1,605 1,733
Exchange labor 129 140 151
Depreciation 988 1,087 1,196
Interest on operating capital 1,540 1,492 1,507
Rental value of owned land 774 767 692
TOTAL COSTS 49,254 50,267 50,276
GROSS RETURNS 76,098 80,947 74,515
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 38,246 42,552 36,507
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 37,722 42,040 36,038
NET RETURNS 26,844 30,680 24,239
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.55 0.61 0.48
Cost per kilogram (P) 8.10 7.70 7.54
Yield per hectare (kg) 6,083 6,528 6,665
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.51 12.40 11.18
88
Table 23. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, CALABARZON, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 1,554 1,622 1,692
Seeds 49 47 47
Fertilizer 9 7 7
Hired labor 979 1,028 1,086
Land tax 43 43 43
Rentals 61 64 68
Food expense 135 144 148
Repairs 202 210 213
Other costs 76 79 80
NON-CASH COSTS 1,439 1,358 1,342
Seeds 494 473 473
Harvester's share 475 426 404
Landowner's share 363 347 347
Rentals 107 112 118
IMPUTED COSTS 3,234 3,382 3,568
Seeds 37 35 35
Operator labor 1,511 1,587 1,676
Family labor 1,424 1,495 1,579
Depreciation 79 87 96
Interest on operating capital 60 60 64
Rental value of owned land 123 118 118
TOTAL COSTS 6,227 6,362 6,602
GROSS RETURNS 24,789 22,223 21,062
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 23,235 20,601 19,370
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 21,796 19,243 18,028
NET RETURNS 18,562 15,861 14,460
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 2.98 2.49 2.19
Cost per kilogram (P) 3.47 3.78 4.15
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,795 1,681 1,592
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.81 13.22 13.23
89
Table 24A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 8,670 8,775 9,034
Seeds 222 227 225
Fertilizer 2,456 2,372 2,326
Pesticides 96 118 113
Hired labor 3,608 3,686 3,937
Caretaker/overseer's wages 102 105 112
Land tax 105 106 107
Rentals 144 148 158
Transport cost of inputs 24 24 24
Food expense 458 493 506
Repairs 1,283 1,316 1,344
Other costs 172 180 182
NON-CASH COSTS 2,023 2,046 2,184
Seeds 113 115 114
Harvester's share 1,094 1,106 1,186
Sheller's share 816 825 884
IMPUTED COSTS 5,197 5,352 5,543
Seeds 259 265 263
Operator labor 938 967 1,033
Family labor 908 936 1,000
Depreciation 591 650 715
Interest on operating capital 373 360 375
Rental value of owned land 2,024 2,069 2,051
Land Tax 104 105 106
TOTAL COSTS 15,890 16,173 16,761
GROSS RETURNS 45,953 46,471 49,815
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 37,283 37,696 40,781
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 35,260 35,650 38,597
NET RETURNS 30,063 30,298 33,054
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 1.89 1.87 1.97
Cost per kilogram (P) 4.25 4.37 4.19
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,736 3,697 3,998
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.30 12.57 12.46
90
Table 24B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 11,449 11,823 12,135
Fertilizer 2,720 2,584 2,566
Pesticides 480 486 464
Hired labor 2,640 2,971 3,174
Caretaker/overseer's wages 512 528 564
Food expense 420 452 464
Repairs 4,400 4,513 4,610
Other costs 277 289 293
NON-CASH COSTS 4,072 4,162 4,086
Seeds 72 72 68
Harvester's share 2,000 2,045 2,009
Sheller's share 2,000 2,045 2,009
IMPUTED COSTS 5,241 5,510 5,484
Seeds 1,200 1,208 1,136
Operator labor 730 821 877
Family labor 380 483 516
Depreciation 565 622 684
Interest on operating capital 366 363 378
Rental value of owned land 2,000 2,013 1,893
TOTAL COSTS 20,762 21,495 21,705
GROSS RETURNS 28,877 29,524 29,002
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 17,428 17,701 16,867
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 13,356 13,539 12,781
NET RETURNS 8,115 8,029 7,297
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.39 0.37 0.34
Cost per kilogram (P) 9.93 10.12 9.78
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,091 2,124 2,219
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.81 13.90 13.07
91
Table 24C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, MIMAROPA, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 7,977 7,992 8,246
Seeds 278 285 286
Fertilizer 2,390 2,320 2,271
Hired labor 3,850 3,865 4,128
Land tax 131 132 133
Rentals 180 186 199
Transport cost of inputs 30 30 29
Food expense 468 504 517
Repairs 504 517 528
Other costs 146 153 155
NON-CASH COSTS 1,511 1,527 1,625
Seeds 123 126 126
Harvester's share 868 876 937
Sheller's share 520 525 562
IMPUTED COSTS 5,187 5,344 5,576
Seeds 24 25 25
Operator labor 990 1,021 1,091
Family labor 1,040 1,072 1,145
Depreciation 597 657 723
Interest on operating capital 375 358 373
Rental value of owned land 2,030 2,079 2,086
Land Tax 131 132 133
TOTAL COSTS 14,675 14,863 15,447
GROSS RETURNS 52,073 52,550 56,234
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 44,096 44,558 47,988
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 42,585 43,031 46,363
NET RETURNS 37,398 37,687 40,787
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 2.55 2.54 2.64
Cost per kilogram (P) 3.39 3.49 3.40
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,325 4,262 4,546
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.04 12.33 12.37
92
Table 25A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 6,567 6,840 6,975
Seeds 646 711 674
Fertilizer 1,638 1,616 1,557
Pesticides 129 131 125
Hired labor 2,964 3,125 3,332
Land tax 61 62 63
Rentals 243 258 270
Fuel and Oil 6 6 5
Transport cost of inputs 74 74 74
Interest payment on crop loan 24 26 29
Food expense 394 427 436
Repairs 222 229 233
Other costs 166 175 177
NON-CASH COSTS 635 682 697
Seeds 189 208 197
Harvester's share 21 25 22
Landowner's share 389 410 437
Caretaker/overseer's wages 31 33 35
Rentals 5 6 6
IMPUTED COSTS 5,124 5,412 5,685
Seeds 12 13 12
Fertilizer 29 27 26
Operator labor 1,676 1,767 1,884
Family labor 2,395 2,525 2,692
Exchange labor 32 34 36
Depreciation 119 131 144
Interest on operating capital 310 309 317
Rental value of owned land 551 606 574
TOTAL COSTS 12,326 12,934 13,357
GROSS RETURNS 32,264 37,901 33,801
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 25,697 31,061 26,826
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 25,062 30,379 26,129
NET RETURNS 19,938 24,967 20,444
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 1.62 1.93 1.53
Cost per kilogram (P) 5.23 5.14 5.64
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,355 2,515 2,367
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.70 15.07 14.28
93
Table 25B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 3,286 3,537 3,647
Seeds 312 322 316
Fertilizer 679 627 604
Hired labor 1,418 1,671 1,781
Land tax 74 75 76
Rentals 324 341 363
Fuel and Oil 10 10 9
Transport cost of inputs 22 22 22
Food expense 82 89 91
Repairs 217 224 228
Other costs 148 156 157
NON-CASH COSTS 867 898 887
Seeds 268 277 272
Harvester's share 16 18 17
Landowner's share 523 540 531
Caretaker/overseer's wages 52 55 59
Rentals 8 8 8
IMPUTED COSTS 5,053 5,314 5,600
Seeds 2 2 2
Operator labor 1,880 1,982 2,113
Family labor 2,174 2,292 2,444
Exchange labor 3 3 3
Depreciation 98 108 119
Interest on operating capital 139 145 151
Rental value of owned land 757 782 768
TOTAL COSTS 9,206 9,749 10,134
GROSS RETURNS 14,933 17,135 16,148
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 11,647 13,598 12,501
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 10,780 12,700 11,614
NET RETURNS 5,727 7,386 6,014
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.62 0.76 0.59
Cost per kilogram (P) 9.33 8.89 9.63
Yield per hectare (kg) 987 1,097 1,052
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 15.13 15.62 15.35
94
Table 25C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Bicol Region, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 11,557 11,943 12,138
Seeds 1,153 1,288 1,204
Fertilizer 3,098 2,947 2,840
Pesticides 325 329 314
Hired labor 5,319 5,608 5,979
Land tax 40 40 40
Rentals 119 131 127
Transport cost of inputs 153 153 153
Interest payment on crop loan 59 65 72
Food expense 869 943 964
Repairs 228 235 239
Other costs 194 204 206
NON-CASH COSTS 283 319 299
Seeds 69 77 72
Harvester's share 30 36 34
Landowner's share 184 206 193
IMPUTED COSTS 5,230 5,491 5,790
Seeds 28 31 29
Fertilizer 73 69 67
Operator labor 1,363 1,437 1,532
Family labor 2,733 2,881 3,071
Exchange labor 76 80 85
Depreciation 149 164 180
Interest on operating capital 570 563 577
Rental value of owned land 238 266 249
TOTAL COSTS 17,070 17,753 18,227
GROSS RETURNS 46,720 55,659 52,280
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 35,163 43,716 40,142
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 34,880 43,397 39,843
NET RETURNS 29,650 37,906 34,053
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 1.74 2.14 1.87
Cost per kilogram (P) 4.88 4.76 4.87
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,497 3,728 3,745
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.36 14.93 13.96
95
Table 26A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 8,989 9,011 9,152
Seeds 1,054 1,108 1,050
Fertilizer 2,471 2,199 2,156
Pesticides 331 336 345
Hired labor 3,325 3,499 3,716
Land tax 140 141 142
Rentals 151 159 151
Fuel and Oil 110 113 109
Transport cost of inputs 387 390 391
Interest payment on crop loan 1 1 1
Food expense 287 308 319
Repairs 402 412 419
Other costs 330 345 353
NON-CASH COSTS 9,996 10,541 10,100
Seeds 1,994 2,095 1,985
Fertilizer 2,339 2,208 2,164
Pesticides 474 481 494
Hired labor in kind 605 657 698
Harvester's share 2,949 3,295 3,071
Sheller's share 1,305 1,458 1,359
Landowner's share 311 327 310
Rentals 19 20 19
IMPUTED COSTS 5,467 5,863 6,149
Seeds 20 21 20
Operator labor 1,183 1,285 1,364
Family labor 2,315 2,515 2,670
Exchange labor 212 230 244
Depreciation 573 630 693
Interest on operating capital 414 395 405
Rental value of owned land 644 677 641
Land Tax 31 31 31
Other costs 75 79 81
TOTAL COSTS 24,452 25,415 25,401
GROSS RETURNS 36,746 41,051 38,258
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 27,757 32,040 29,106
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 17,761 21,499 19,006
NET RETURNS 12,294 15,636 12,857
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.50 0.62 0.51
Cost per kilogram (P) 8.77 8.57 8.71
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,788.00 2,964.00 2,916.00
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.18 13.85 13.12
96
Table 26B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 5,466 5,445 5,605
Seeds 41 46 42
Fertilizer 1,926 1,629 1,590
Pesticides 6 6 6
Hired labor 2,833 3,078 3,268
Land tax 48 48 48
Fuel and Oil 8 8 8
Transport cost of inputs 69 69 69
Interest payment on crop loan 1 1 1
Food expense 202 217 224
Repairs 234 240 244
Other costs 98 103 105
NON-CASH COSTS 1,271 1,644 1,515
Seeds 184 205 188
Hired labor in kind 181 240 255
Harvester's share 769 1,047 933
Landowner's share 137 152 139
IMPUTED COSTS 4,544 4,911 5,110
Seeds 12 13 12
Operator labor 1,598 1,736 1,843
Family labor 1,648 1,791 1,902
Depreciation 242 266 293
Interest on operating capital 277 263 274
Rental value of owned land 638 709 650
Land Tax 59 60 61
Other costs 70 73 75
TOTAL COSTS 11,281 12,000 12,230
GROSS RETURNS 24,005 32,679 29,134
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 18,539 27,234 23,529
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 17,268 25,590 22,014
NET RETURNS 12,724 20,679 16,904
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 1.13 1.72 1.38
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.01 6.09 6.38
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,610 1,971 1,918
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.91 16.58 15.19
97
Table 26C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Western Visayas, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 13,004 13,149 13,318
Seeds 2,211 2,239 2,155
Fertilizer 3,793 3,485 3,454
Hired labor 3,886 4,223 4,484
Land tax 246 248 250
Rentals 322 326 314
Fuel and Oil 226 232 224
Transport cost of inputs 749 754 756
Food expense 385 414 428
Repairs 593 607 617
Other costs 593 621 636
NON-CASH COSTS 19,945 19,954 19,405
Seeds 4,058 4,109 3,955
Fertilizer 5,006 4,541 4,457
Pesticides 1,015 1,030 1,059
Hired labor in kind 1,089 1,183 1,256
Harvester's share 5,434 5,637 5,378
Sheller's share 2,793 2,897 2,764
Landowner's share 510 516 497
Rentals 40 41 39
IMPUTED COSTS 6,519 6,972 7,350
Seeds 29 29 28
Operator labor 710 771 819
Family labor 3,075 3,341 3,547
Exchange labor 453 492 522
Depreciation 951 1,046 1,151
Interest on operating capital 570 550 563
Rental value of owned land 651 659 634
Other costs 80 84 86
TOTAL COSTS 39,468 40,075 40,073
GROSS RETURNS 45,171 46,857 44,708
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 32,167 33,708 31,390
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 12,222 13,754 11,985
NET RETURNS 5,703 6,782 4,635
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.14 0.17 0.12
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.06 10.96 11.06
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,568 3,655 3,623
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.66 12.82 12.34
98
Table 27. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Central Visayas, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 4,417 4,663 4,705
Seeds 13 14 13
Fertilizer 1,829 1,652 1,593
Pesticides 23 22 26
Hired labor 1,452 1,799 1,889
Land tax 75 76 77
Rentals 216 237 230
Transport cost of inputs 55 55 55
Interest payment on crop loan 29 32 35
Food expense 413 448 450
Repairs 268 282 291
Other costs 44 46 46
NON-CASH COSTS 2,548 2,766 2,540
Seeds 228 251 233
Fertilizer 36 34 33
Hired labor in kind 239 260 273
Harvester's share 1,077 1,158 1,014
Sheller's share 76 82 72
Landowner's share 828 911 845
Rentals 64 70 70
IMPUTED COSTS 4,896 5,307 5,533
Seeds 29 32 30
Fertilizer 6 6 6
Operator labor 2,154 2,339 2,456
Family labor 1,920 2,085 2,189
Exchange labor 55 60 63
Depreciation 221 243 267
Interest on operating capital 191 193 196
Rental value of owned land 286 315 292
Land Tax 28 28 28
Other costs 6 6 6
TOTAL COSTS 11,861 12,736 12,778
GROSS RETURNS 12,902 13,867 12,139
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 8,485 9,204 7,434
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 5,937 6,438 4,894
NET RETURNS 1,041 1,131 -639
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.09 0.09 -0.05
Cost per kilogram (P) 13.74 15.11 16.05
Yield per hectare (kg) 863 843 796
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.95 16.45 15.25
99
Table 28. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Eastern Visayas, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 1,735 1,856 1,925
Seeds 71 78 75
Fertilizer 77 75 74
Hired labor 1,123 1,201 1,264
Land tax 13 13 13
Transport cost of inputs 6 6 6
Food expense 284 311 319
Repairs 149 159 161
Other costs 12 13 13
NON-CASH COSTS 1,262 1,388 1,362
Seeds 101 111 107
Hired labor in kind 126 135 142
Harvester's share 462 510 504
Landowner's share 573 632 609
IMPUTED COSTS 5,146 5,509 5,767
Seeds 41 45 43
Operator labor 2,400 2,567 2,701
Family labor 2,222 2,377 2,501
Exchange labor 5 5 5
Depreciation 69 76 84
Interest on operating capital 73 75 79
Rental value of owned land 266 293 282
Land Tax 70 71 72
TOTAL COSTS 8,143 8,753 9,054
GROSS RETURNS 15,873 17,531 17,335
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 14,138 15,675 15,410
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 12,876 14,287 14,048
NET RETURNS 7,730 8,778 8,281
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.95 1.00 0.91
Cost per kilogram (P) 5.83 6.26 6.31
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,396 1,398 1,435
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.37 12.54 12.08
100
Table 29A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 5,600 5,645 5,650
Seeds 81 81 72
Fertilizer 2,122 1,968 1,844
Pesticides 499 521 536
Hired labor 1,851 1,960 2,058
Land tax 168 170 172
Rentals 31 32 34
Transport cost of inputs 170 172 173
Interest payment on crop loan 25 28 31
Food expense 196 211 215
Repairs 422 465 477
Other costs 35 37 38
NON-CASH COSTS 1,608 1,637 1,451
Seeds 177 176 157
Hired labor in kind 51 54 57
Harvester's share 797 826 718
Landowner's share 544 542 484
Rentals 39 39 35
IMPUTED COSTS 5,487 5,698 5,749
Seeds 42 42 37
Operator labor 1,921 2,034 2,135
Family labor 1,778 1,883 1,977
Exchange labor 13 14 15
Depreciation 76 84 92
Interest on operating capital 262 251 252
Rental value of owned land 1,388 1,383 1,234
Land Tax 7 7 7
TOTAL COSTS 12,695 12,980 12,850
GROSS RETURNS 23,480 24,333 21,163
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 17,880 18,688 15,513
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 16,272 17,051 14,062
NET RETURNS 10,785 11,353 8,313
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.85 0.87 0.65
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.69 7.56 7.68
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,650 1,716 1,673
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.23 14.18 12.65
101
Table 29B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 4,467 4,834 4,820
Seeds 44 44 39
Fertilizer 1,931 1,885 1,766
Pesticides 358 374 385
Hired labor 1,154 1,489 1,564
Land tax 163 165 167
Rentals 37 39 41
Fuel and oil 1 1 1
Transport cost of inputs 161 163 164
Interest payment on crop loan 30 33 36
Food expense 220 237 242
Repairs 339 373 383
Other costs 29 31 32
NON-CASH COSTS 1,712 1,748 1,529
Seeds 208 206 183
Hired labor in kind 60 64 67
Harvesters' share 907 947 807
Landowner's share 491 486 432
Rentals 46 45 40
IMPUTED COSTS 5,819 6,070 6,154
Seeds 24 24 21
Operator labor 2,165 2,293 2,407
Family labor 2,021 2,140 2,247
Exchange labor 15 16 17
Depreciation 79 87 96
Interest on operating capital 201 210 209
Rental value of owned land 1,306 1,292 1,149
Land Tax 8 8 8
TOTAL COSTS 11,998 12,652 12,503
GROSS RETURNS 22,078 23,041 19,644
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 17,611 18,207 14,824
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 15,899 16,459 13,295
NET RETURNS 10,080 10,389 7,141
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.84 0.82 0.57
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.97 7.96 8.20
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,506 1,589 1,524
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.66 14.50 12.89
102
Table 29C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Zamboanga Peninsula, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 11,928 12,290 12,457
Seeds 288 292 275
Fertilizer 4,470 4,388 4,238
Hired labor 5,735 6,073 6,376
Land tax 200 202 204
Transport cost of inputs 220 222 223
Food expense 60 65 66
Repairs 885 974 999
Other costs 70 74 76
NON-CASH COSTS 1,020 1,043 981
Harvester's share 180 192 180
Landowner's share 840 851 801
IMPUTED COSTS 3,633 3,713 3,668
Seeds 143 145 137
Operator labor 560 593 623
Family labor 429 454 477
Depreciation 55 61 67
Interest on operating capital 604 595 608
Rental value of owned land 1,842 1,865 1,756
TOTAL COSTS 16,581 17,046 17,106
GROSS RETURNS 39,970 42,579 39,968
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 28,042 30,289 27,511
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 27,022 29,246 26,530
NET RETURNS 23,389 25,533 22,862
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 1.41 1.50 1.34
Cost per kilogram (P) 4.96 4.85 4.88
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,342 3,516 3,506
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.96 12.11 11.40
103
Table 30A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 9,846 10,015 10,098
Seeds 557 600 581
Fertilizer 4,240 3,962 3,830
Pesticides 272 270 290
Hired labor 2,847 3,144 3,316
Land tax 137 138 139
Rentals 593 650 669
Fuel and oil 41 43 43
Transport cost of inputs 206 207 205
Interest payment on crop loan 90 99 109
Food expense 265 282 286
Repairs 340 350 356
Other costs 258 270 274
NON-CASH COSTS 1,548 1,673 1,638
Seeds 134 144 139
Fertilizer 8 7 7
Hired labor in kind 95 105 111
Harvesters' share 717 776 759
Sheller's share 119 129 126
Landowner's share 475 512 496
IMPUTED COSTS 5,340 5,811 6,052
Seeds 37 40 39
Fertilizer 6 6 6
Operator labor 1,810 1,999 2,109
Family labor 1,875 2,071 2,184
Exchange labor 45 50 53
Depreciation 336 370 407
Interest on operating capital 456 441 447
Rental value of owned land 766 825 798
Land Tax 6 6 6
Other costs 3 3 3
TOTAL COSTS 16,734 17,499 17,788
GROSS RETURNS 36,677 39,669 38,777
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 26,831 29,654 28,679
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CAS COSTS 25,283 27,981 27,041
NET RETURNS 19,943 22,170 20,989
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 1.19 1.27 1.18
Cost per kilogram (P) 5.26 5.48 5.51
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,181 3,194 3,226
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.53 12.42 12.02
104
Table 30B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 8,367 8,394 8,438
Seeds 110 110 107
Fertilizer 4,365 4,080 3,944
Pesticides 140 139 149
Hired labor 2,251 2,486 2,622
Land tax 137 138 139
Rentals 426 468 492
Transport cost of inputs 187 188 186
Interest payment on crop loan 31 34 37
Food expense 157 167 169
Repairs 348 359 365
Other costs 215 225 228
NON-CASH COSTS 1,470 1,529 1,508
Seeds 148 148 144
Fertilizer 8 7 7
Hired labor in kind 107 118 124
Harvesters' share 545 585 579
Sheller's share 135 145 143
Landowner's share 527 526 511
IMPUTED COSTS 5,021 5,442 5,699
Seeds 41 41 40
Fertilizer 6 6 6
Operator labor 1,953 2,157 2,275
Family labor 2,072 2,288 2,413
Exchange labor 50 55 58
Depreciation 154 169 186
Interest on operating capital 395 377 381
Rental value of owned land 339 338 329
Land Tax 7 7 7
Other costs 4 4 4
TOTAL COSTS 14,858 15,365 15,645
GROSS RETURNS 24,035 25,785 25,513
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 15,668 17,391 17,075
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CAS COSTS 14,198 15,862 15,567
NET RETURNS 9,177 10,420 9,868
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.62 0.68 0.63
Cost per kilogram (P) 8.05 7.74 7.75
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,846 1,985 2,020
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.02 12.99 12.63
105
Table 30C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Northern Mindanao, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 21,288 22,645 23,046
Seeds 4,017 4,478 4,323
Fertilizer 3,267 2,995 2,945
Pesticides 1,288 1,280 1,373
Hired labor 7,467 8,246 8,698
Land tax 135 136 137
Rentals 1,887 2,099 2,070
Fuel and oil 362 382 384
Transport cost of inputs 349 351 348
Interest payment on crop loan 552 607 668
Food expense 1,097 1,169 1,185
Repairs 277 285 290
Other costs 590 617 625
NON-CASH COSTS 2,150 2,397 2,316
Seeds 24 27 26
Harvester's share 2,054 2,290 2,213
Landowner's share 72 80 77
IMPUTED COSTS 7,798 8,566 8,692
Seeds 8 9 9
Operator labor 702 775 817
Family labor 347 383 404
Depreciation 1,745 1,920 2,112
Interest on operating capital 924 940 968
Rental value of owned land 4,072 4,539 4,382
TOTAL COSTS 31,236 33,608 34,054
GROSS RETURNS 50,159 55,917 54,041
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 28,871 33,272 30,995
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CAS COSTS 26,721 30,875 28,679
NET RETURNS 18,923 22,309 19,987
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.61 0.66 0.59
Cost per kilogram (P) 6.78 7.30 7.39
Yield per hectare (kg) 4,606 4,606 4,611
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 10.89 12.14 11.72
106
Table 31. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Davao Region, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 6,805 6,968 7,113
Seeds 39 40 38
Fertilizer 1,470 1,342 1,307
Pesticides 638 619 623
Hired labor 3,196 3,444 3,571
Land tax 119 120 121
Rentals 26 28 29
Fuel and Oil 5 5 5
Transport cost of inputs 142 142 144
Interest payment on crop loan 156 172 189
Irrigation fee 21 21 20
Food expense 630 663 686
Repairs 346 354 362
Other costs 17 18 18
NON-CASH COSTS 866 976 844
Seeds 162 165 156
Fertilizer 13 12 12
Pesticides 12 12 12
Hired labor in kind 25 27 28
Harvester's share 492 580 479
Sheller's share 94 111 92
Landowner's share 68 69 65
IMPUTED COSTS 6,601 6,966 7,042
Seeds 73 74 70
Fertilizer 25 23 22
Pesticides 11 11 11
Operator labor 1,714 1,847 1,915
Family labor 2,245 2,419 2,508
Exchange labor 89 96 100
Depreciation 202 222 244
Interest on operating capital 308 301 309
Rental value of owned land 1,934 1,973 1,863
TOTAL COSTS 14,272 14,910 14,999
GROSS RETURNS 16,677 19,650 16,230
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 9,872 12,682 9,117
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 9,006 11,706 8,273
NET RETURNS 2,405 4,740 1,231
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.17 0.32 0.08
Cost per kilogram (P) 11.39 10.30 11.85
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,253 1,447 1,266
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.31 13.58 12.82
107
Table 32A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 14,116 14,254 14,168
Seeds 1,312 1,461 1,318
Fertilizer 3,994 3,543 3,350
Pesticides 649 634 638
Hired labor 4,907 5,230 5,437
Caretaker/overseer's wages 96 102 106
Land tax 93 94 95
Rentals 304 330 323
Fuel and Oil 8 9 9
Transport cost of inputs 318 319 315
Interest payment on crop loan 138 152 167
Electricity cost 44 49 48
Food expense 464 496 505
Repairs 1,646 1,685 1,705
Other costs 143 150 152
NON-CASH COSTS 787 860 830
Seeds 81 90 81
Fertilizer 12 11 10
Harvesters' share 200 229 197
Landowner's share 436 465 483
Rentals 58 65 59
IMPUTED COSTS 5,882 6,287 6,114
Seeds 14 16 14
Fertilizer 176 142 134
Pesticides 20 20 20
Operator labor 873 930 967
Family labor 1,191 1,269 1,319
Exchange labor 5 5 5
Depreciation 318 350 385
Interest on operating capital 631 607 605
Rental value of owned land 2,597 2,891 2,608
Land Tax 45 45 45
Transport cost of inputs 4 4 4
Other costs 8 8 8
TOTAL COSTS 20,785 21,401 21,112
GROSS RETURNS 35,916 41,117 35,355
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 21,800 26,863 21,187
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 21,013 26,003 20,357
NET RETURNS 15,131 19,716 14,243
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.73 0.92 0.67
Cost per kilogram (P) 6.85 6.85 7.09
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,036 3,122 2,976
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.83 13.17 11.88
108
Table 32B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 9,176 9,179 9,188
Seeds 195 193 181
Fertilizer 2,820 2,540 2,402
Pesticides 413 403 406
Hired labor 3,168 3,376 3,510
Land tax 70 71 72
Rentals 457 470 466
Fuel and Oil 4 4 4
Transport cost of inputs 326 327 323
Interest payment on crop loan 64 70 77
Electricity cost 62 69 68
Food expense 432 462 471
Repairs 1,081 1,106 1,119
Other costs 84 88 89
NON-CASH COSTS 1,161 1,153 1,066
Seeds 134 133 125
Harvesters' share 286 286 253
Landowner's share 741 734 688
IMPUTED COSTS 5,898 6,052 6,032
Seeds 5 5 5
Operator labor 1,069 1,139 1,184
Family labor 1,568 1,671 1,737
Exchange labor 8 9 9
Depreciation 237 261 287
Interest on operating capital 380 360 363
Rental value of owned land 2,577 2,553 2,393
Land Tax 44 44 44
Transport cost of inputs 7 7 7
Other costs 3 3 3
TOTAL COSTS 16,235 16,384 16,286
GROSS RETURNS 28,652 28,614 25,333
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 19,476 19,435 16,145
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 18,315 18,282 15,079
NET RETURNS 12,417 12,230 9,047
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.76 0.75 0.56
Cost per kilogram (P) 8.03 8.04 8.46
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,022 2,038 1,925
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 14.17 14.04 13.16
109
Table 32C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, SOCCSKSARGEN, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 20,501 20,977 21,297
Seeds 2,756 3,181 2,844
Fertilizer 5,511 4,965 5,236
Pesticides 953 929 935
Hired labor 7,154 7,625 7,927
Caretaker/overseer's wages 220 234 243
Land tax 123 124 125
Rentals 106 113 117
Fuel and Oil 13 14 14
Transport cost of inputs 308 308 304
Interest payment on crop loan 234 257 283
Electricity cost 20 22 22
Food expense 506 541 551
Repairs 2,377 2,433 2,462
Other costs 220 231 234
NON-CASH COSTS 305 348 310
Seeds 14 16 14
Fertilizer 27 24 25
Harvesters' share 89 106 90
Landowner's share 42 48 43
Rentals 133 154 138
IMPUTED COSTS 5,864 6,341 6,164
Seeds 27 31 28
Fertilizer 404 364 384
Pesticides 46 45 45
Operator labor 619 660 686
Family labor 704 750 780
Depreciation 423 465 512
Interest on operating capital 956 936 959
Rental value of owned land 2,622 3,026 2,706
Land Tax 47 47 47
Other costs 16 17 17
TOTAL COSTS 26,670 27,666 27,771
GROSS RETURNS 39,180 46,555 39,476
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 18,679 25,578 18,179
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 18,374 25,230 17,869
NET RETURNS 12,510 18,889 11,705
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.47 0.68 0.42
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.64 7.70 8.15
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,492 3,595 3,409
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.22 12.95 11.58
110
Table 33A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 11,008 11,267 11,509
Seeds 1,213 1,227 1,197
Fertilizer 3,118 2,802 2,750
Pesticides 600 588 522
Hired labor 3,883 4,297 4,570
Land tax 34 34 34
Fuel and Oil 56 59 54
Transport cost of inputs 39 39 39
Interest payment on crop loan 756 832 915
Food expense 559 598 621
Repairs 650 686 699
Other costs 100 105 108
NON-CASH COSTS 4,248 4,509 4,244
Seeds 85 86 84
Hired labor in kind 199 228 242
Harvesters' share 2,945 3,151 2,882
Sheller's share 18 19 17
Landowner's share 861 871 850
Interest payment on crop loan 140 154 169
IMPUTED COSTS 5,182 5,637 5,917
Seeds 20 20 20
Operator labor 1,826 2,036 2,165
Family labor 1,179 1,352 1,438
Exchange labor 91 104 111
Depreciation 634 697 767
Interest on operating capital 508 493 504
Rental value of owned land 924 935 912
TOTAL COSTS 20,438 21,413 21,670
GROSS RETURNS 33,472 35,808 32,755
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 22,464 24,541 21,246
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 18,216 20,032 17,002
NET RETURNS 13,034 14,395 11,085
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.64 0.67 0.51
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.23 7.16 7.73
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,827 2,989 2,802
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 11.84 11.98 11.69
111
Table 33B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 6,423 6,506 6,633
Seeds 94 95 88
Fertilizer 2,522 2,252 2,205
Pesticides 384 307 272
Hired labor 2,561 2,936 3,122
Land tax 18 18 18
Transport cost of inputs 5 5 5
Food expense 566 605 629
Repairs 230 243 248
Other costs 43 45 46
NON-CASH COSTS 2,865 2,991 2,715
Seeds 110 112 104
Hired labor in kinds 277 318 338
Harvesters' share 2,143 2,221 1,958
Sheller's share 25 26 23
Landowner's share 310 314 292
IMPUTED COSTS 5,294 6,292 6,686
Seeds 27 27 25
Operator labor 2,416 2,680 2,850
Family labor 1,631 2,219 2,360
Exchange labor 126 215 228
Depreciation 658 724 796
Interest on operating capital 320 309 317
Rental value of owned land 116 118 110
TOTAL COSTS 14,582 15,789 16,034
GROSS RETURNS 25,022 25,932 22,859
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 18,599 19,426 16,226
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 15,734 16,435 13,511
NET RETURNS 10,440 10,143 6,825
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.72 0.64 0.43
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.44 7.88 8.45
Yield per hectare (kg) 1,961 2,004 1,897
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.76 12.94 12.05
112
Table 33C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, Caraga, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 22,782 22,959 23,646
Seeds 4,090 4,195 4,263
Fertilizer 4,648 4,217 4,152
Pesticides 1,152 1,128 1,002
Hired labor 7,279 7,378 7,845
Land tax 75 76 77
Fuel and Oil 200 211 194
Transport cost of inputs 126 127 127
Interest payment on crop loan 2,700 2,970 3,267
Food expense 539 576 598
Repairs 1,729 1,824 1,858
Other costs 244 257 263
NON-CASH COSTS 7,806 7,983 7,969
Seeds 19 19 19
Harvesters' share 5,007 5,075 4,968
Landowner's share 2,280 2,339 2,377
Interest payment on crop loan 500 550 605
IMPUTED COSTS 4,884 5,045 5,210
Operator labor 308 382 406
Family labor 15 21 22
Depreciation 572 629 692
Interest on operating capital 989 936 963
Rental value of owned land 3,000 3,077 3,127
TOTAL COSTS 35,472 35,987 36,825
GROSS RETURNS 55,928 56,683 55,494
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 33,146 33,724 31,848
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 25,340 25,741 23,879
NET RETURNS 20,456 20,696 18,669
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.58 0.58 0.51
Cost per kilogram (P) 6.91 7.10 7.54
Yield per hectare (kg) 5,131 5,070 4,885
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 10.90 11.18 11.36
113
Table 34A. ALL CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 5,774 6,004 6,116
Seeds 261 268 247
Fertilizer 1,587 1,555 1,538
Pesticides 97 97 91
Hired labor 1,980 2,150 2,250
Land tax 173 175 177
Rentals 325 353 369
Transport cost of inputs 173 174 173
Interest payment on crop loan 66 73 80
Irrigation fee 14 14 13
Food expense 471 498 519
Repairs 311 318 321
Other costs 316 329 338
NON-CASH COSTS 2,730 2,916 2,573
Seeds 159 163 150
Hired labor in kinds 103 112 117
Harvester's share 1,589 1,702 1,485
Sheller's share 834 893 779
Landowner's share 45 46 42
IMPUTED COSTS 8,009 8,627 8,929
Seeds 40 41 38
Operator labor 2,243 2,435 2,549
Family labor 2,939 3,191 3,340
Exchange labor 1,480 1,607 1,682
Depreciation 226 249 274
Interest on operating capital 226 225 230
Rental value of owned land 807 829 765
Other costs 48 50 51
TOTAL COSTS 16,513 17,547 17,618
GROSS RETURNS 30,309 32,458 28,322
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 24,535 26,454 22,206
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 21,805 23,538 19,633
NET RETURNS 13,796 14,911 10,704
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.84 0.85 0.61
Cost per kilogram (P) 6.83 6.96 7.39
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,417 2,520 2,384
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 12.54 12.88 11.88
114
Table 34B. WHITE CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 5,075 5,264 5,362
Seeds 243 241 224
Fertilizer 1,393 1,365 1,351
Pesticides 99 99 93
Hired labor 1,705 1,851 1,937
Land tax 159 161 163
Rentals 240 261 273
Transport cost of inputs 181 182 181
Interest payment on crop loan 68 75 83
Irrigation fee 14 14 13
Food expense 432 457 476
Repairs 265 271 274
Other costs 276 287 294
NON-CASH COSTS 2,554 2,688 2,356
Seeds 166 165 154
Hired labor in kind 82 89 93
Harvester's share 1,553 1,639 1,420
Sheller's share 753 795 689
IMPUTED COSTS 7,519 8,087 8,397
Seeds 2 2 2
Operator labor 2,299 2,496 2,613
Family labor 2,865 3,111 3,256
Exchange labor 1,264 1,372 1,436
Depreciation 225 248 273
Interest on operating capital 198 197 201
Rental value of owned land 655 650 605
Other costs 11 11 11
TOTAL COSTS 15,148 16,039 16,115
GROSS RETURNS 28,858 30,461 26,390
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 23,783 25,197 21,028
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 21,229 22,509 18,672
NET RETURNS 13,710 14,422 10,275
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.91 0.90 0.64
Cost per kilogram (P) 6.85 6.81 7.36
Yield per hectare (kg) 2,213 2,354 2,190
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 13.04 12.94 12.05
115
Table 34C. YELLOW CORN: Updated Average Costs of Production, ARMM, 2013-2015
ITEM 2013 2014 2015
(in pesos/hectare)
CASH COSTS 11,691 12,256 12,500
Seeds 417 490 439
Fertilizer 3,224 3,159 3,120
Pesticides 78 78 73
Hired labor 4,304 4,673 4,891
Land tax 289 292 295
Rentals 1,043 1,132 1,185
Transport cost of inputs 109 109 109
Interest payment on crop loan 50 55 61
Irrigation fee 11 13 12
Food expense 803 849 884
Repairs 706 722 729
Other costs 657 684 702
NON-CASH COSTS 4,221 4,676 4,255
Seeds 100 118 106
Hired labor in kinds 283 307 321
Harvester's share 1,893 2,081 1,875
Sheller's share 1,521 1,672 1,507
Landowner's share 424 498 446
IMPUTED COSTS 12,147 13,359 13,543
Seeds 365 429 384
Operator labor 1,770 1,922 2,012
Family labor 3,560 3,865 4,045
Exchange labor 3,310 3,594 3,762
Depreciation 234 257 283
Interest on operating capital 462 465 476
Rental value of owned land 2,087 2,453 2,197
Other costs 359 374 384
TOTAL COSTS 28,059 30,291 30,298
GROSS RETURNS 38,492 42,310 38,125
RETURNS ABOVE CASH COSTS 26,801 30,054 25,625
RETURNS ABOVE CASH AND NON CASH COSTS 22,580 25,378 21,370
NET RETURNS 10,433 12,019 7,827
NET PROFIT-COST RATIO 0.37 0.40 0.26
Cost per kilogram (P) 7.85 9.06 9.01
Yield per hectare (kg) 3,574 3,342 3,362
Farmgate price (peso/kg) 10.77 12.66 11.34
UPDATED COSTS OF PRODUCTION OF PALAY AND CORN
PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY
LISA GRACE S. BERSALES Ph.D.
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General
ROMEO S. RECIDE
Deputy National Statistician
Sectoral Statistics Office
VIVIAN R. ILARINA
Assistant National Statistician
Macroeconomic Accounts Service
AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTS DIVISION
MARIA CAROL G. DURAN
Officer-in-Charge
CYNTHIA P. DONATO
Supervising Statistical Specialist
MANUELA S. NALUGON
Senior Statistical Specialist
JOSEPH C. EVANGELISTA
Technical Staff
JOYNABEL S. PARAGUISON
Technical Staff
JOHN ARCHIE S. PONTIGON
Technical Staff
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Philippine Statistics Authority 16TH FLOOR, ETON CYBERPOD CENTRIS 3, EDSA CORNER
QUEZON AVENUE, BRGY. PINYAHAN, QUEZON CITY MACROECONOMIC ACCOUNTS SERVICE AGRICULTURAL ACCOUNTS DIVISION
Tel. No. 376-1954
aadmas.psa@gmail.com
https://www.psa.gov.ph/
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