Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon -...

Title Notes: The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Answer these questions in your notes...● Would you have executed King Louis? Does this violate

Enlightenment principles? Why or why not?

● Is the guillotine an example of “cruel and unusual punishment”? Why or why not?

● In the U.S. we have the death penalty. How are the executions during the Reign of Terror similar to this? How are they different?

The Rise and Fall of Napoleon

Napoleon Rises to Power

● joined army during Revolution and proclaimed a hero by defending the National Convention from royalists

● appointed by the Directory to lead French army against Austria

Napoleon Rises to Power

● 1799- Directory lost power and Napoleon seized power in a Coup d’Etat

● 1802- Napoleon signs treaty with European powers and ushers in a period of peace

Napoleon as Elected Consul

● a plebiscite, or vote of the people, approved new constitution and Napoleon

Napoleon as Elected Consul

1. economy = enforced tax collection and national banking system

2. government = elected trained officials3. education = set up lycees (gov’t run

schools)

Napoleon as Elected Consul

4. religion = signed a concordat (agreement) with the Pope which recognized the Church’s influence

5. Napoleonic Code = uniform set of laws and eliminated injustice but limited actual liberties

Napoleon as Emperor

● decided to make himself emperor and the French supported him

Napoleon as Emperor

● goal: world domination

Napoleon as Emperor

● Failure in the New World:○ Haitian Revolution○ sold holdings in North

America ---> Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon as Emperor

● In Europe: forced Austria, Prussia, and Russia to sign peace treaties

● largest empire since Roman Empire● couldn’t invade Britain = lost at Battle of

Trafalgar

Napoleon’s Mistakes1. Continental System:

blockade to separate Britain from mainland Europea. wanted to make Europe

more self-sufficientb. weak - still allowed for

British tradec. British responded with

larger blockade

Napoleon’s Mistakes2. Peninsular War: Napoleon tried

to force Portugal to adhere to Continental Systema. sent forces through Spain

which upset them b. Spanish guerrillas, peasant

fighters, attacked French armyc. lost 300,000 men

Napoleon’s Mistakes

3. Invasion of Russia:a. Russia kept sending the British

food ---> Napoleon invadedb. Scorched-earth policy: burning

grain fields and slaughtering livestock so Napoleon’s troops could not eat anything

c. Russian winters extreme- forced to withdraw

What do Napoleon’s mistakes have in common?

Downfall of Napoleon

● all European powers declare war on France● 1814- Napoleon surrendered and gave up

his position; banished to Elba● Louis XVIII took over (the executed king’s

brother)

Downfall of Napoleon

● Napoleon tried to regain power- escaped Elba and briefly became emperor again

● Waterloo = Napoleon attacked British forces in Belgium, England able to push French back

● defeat ended Napoleon’s last attempt at power

Downfall of Napoleon

● ended the Hundred Days (Napoleon’s last reign as emperor) = banished to St. Helena

Practice Identification

Continental System

Peer Gradewrite your name below their ID4 points = who, what, where (did they ID this term in detail)1 point = significance (course theme or BIG IDEA)

write:one positive commentone helpful critique

Study Strategy

Think of a strategy that would help you remember the Continental System for the test. It could be a: rhyme, slogan, picture, mnemonic device etc...

Fill in TOC13. English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Notes (11/13)14. American Revolution Notes and Scavenger Hunt (11/14)15. French Revolution Notes (11/17)16. Annotated Declaration of the Rights of Man with Paragraph

Chart (11/18)17. Reign of Terror Notes and Questions (11/19)18. Rise and Fall of Napoleon Notes with Identifications (11/20)19. World-wide Revolution Notes with Summary (11/21)20. French Revolution/ Napoleon Chart (11/ 24)

World-wide Revolutions

● 500,000 Africans enslaved working on French plantations

● August 1791: slaves rose up to revolt

● led by Toussaint L’Overture○ made agreement with French: free

slaves in exchange for no rebellion○ sent to prison in France

Haitian Revolution

● revolution movement took over by Jean-Jacques Dessalines

● January 1, 1804: Haiti declared independent country

● first black colony to free itself from European control

Haitian Revolution

● Simon Bolivar○ declared

independence for Venezuela from Spain in 1811

○ independence won in 1821

Latin America

Latin America

● Jose de San Martin○ declared Argentina’s

independence in 1816○ also freed Chile and Peru

from Spanish control

Latin America

● Bolivar and San Martin joined forces --->○ unified forces under Bolivar○ last battle against Spanish =

Battle of Ayacucho in Peru ○ creation of Gran Colombia

Mexico

● independence led by Miguel Hidalgo ○ priest influenced by Enlightenment○ led 80,000 people to Mexico City○ defeated by Spanish○ Jose Maria Morelos = new leader

of Mexican independence movement, lasted four years

Mexico

● Agustin de Iturbide overthrew Morelos and declared independence from Mexico in 1821

Brazil

● The royal family of Portugal escaped to Brazil when Napoleon invaded during the Peninsular Wars = set up capital in Rio de Janeiro

● 14 years- ruled out of Brazil

Brazil

● after Napoleon was defeated, the royal family returned to Portugal

● Brazilians did not want to become a colony again and demanded independence in 1822

● won independence in a bloodless takeover

Work on:

1) Homework 2) Study guide3) putting together your notebook