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Time series monitoring in Japan (Introduction of Odate collection and Odate project) Hiroya Sugisaki ・ Kazuaki Tadokoro ・ Sanae Chiba. PH-line. PM-line. PA-line. winter/summer. PK-line. PN-line. *P は pollution の略. Regular sampling lines organized by Japan Meteorological Agency - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Time series monitoring in JapanTime series monitoring in Japan
(Introduction of Odate collection and Odate projec(Introduction of Odate collection and Odate project)t)
Hiroya SugisakiHiroya Sugisaki ・・ Kazuaki TadokoroKazuaki Tadokoro ・・ Sanae ChibaSanae Chiba
Regular sampling lines organized by Japan Meteorological Agency(from K.Tadokoro:TNFRI)
Zooplankton has been collected seasonally since 1972
*Pは pollutionの略
PM-linePH-line
PK-linePN-line
PA-line
winter/summer
Sampling stations organized by Fisheries Research Agency and local fisheries research institutes
T,S and Zooplankton biomass has been researched since early1950s in order to forecast fisheries condition
ODATE collection/data area
Active projects on field monitoring study in FRA,Japan
A-Line(current: 1990~)
O-Line(current: 2002~)
Odate Project(retrospective :1950~2000)
A-Line
well organized by HNF and TNFRI (PI: Tsuneo Ono)
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 14738
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
N1N2
N3
N4
Lat
i t ud e
( deg
ree
N)
Longitude (degree E)
Hokkaido
Honshu
Akkeshi
A1
A4
A11
A15
A7
5-8 cruises/yr.since1990
not only standard oceanographical monitoring, but alsomechanisms of biological productionor biological carbon transportation has been researched
What is Odate collection?What is Odate collection?
• More than 20000 zooplankton samples (formaline preserved) are stocked at Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency Japan.
• Long term variation of biomass (total wet weight) of this sample set was analyzed by Dr. Kazuko Odate (Odate, 1994).
• The samples are still available for identification of species, because preserved condition is good.
Sampling, MonitoringSampling, Monitoring
• The purpose of the zooplankton sampling was routine monitoring of prey abundance of fishery ground and oceanic environment.
• Zooplankton samples have been collected by several public fisheries institutes in north eastern region of Japan since 1950.
• Sampling gears are conical standard plankton net (45cm diameter; 0.33mm mesh size).
• Net was towed vertically from 150m depth layer to the surface.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Long term variation of zooplankton biomass Long term variation of zooplankton biomass based on Odate collectionbased on Odate collection
Zo
op
lan
kto
n b
iom
ass(
mg
WW
/m3 )
low lowHIGH HIGH
(revised from Odate,1994)(revised from Odate,1994)
Analysis of species composition of zooplankton Analysis of species composition of zooplankton using Odate collectionusing Odate collection
Mere monitoring on long-term variation of zooplanktonMere monitoring on long-term variation of zooplankton
Research on the mechanisms of Research on the mechanisms of long term variation of ecosystemlong term variation of ecosystem
Information on only total wet weight is not sufficient to Information on only total wet weight is not sufficient to analyze the interaction of biological phenomenon and analyze the interaction of biological phenomenon and climate changeclimate change
Retrospective analysis of species composition of cRetrospective analysis of species composition of copepods using Odate collection = Odate Projectopepods using Odate collection = Odate Project
FY2003-2005 FY2003-2005
• Species composition data base from the Odate Collection reanalysis of species composition from Odate collection, establish the data base H.Sugisaki, T.Kobari, H.Itoh
• Long term variation of Climate/Physical oceanography analysis of physical effect on long term variation of pceanic ecosy
stem I.Yasuda, M.Noto
• Effect of biological production on the interaction between climate change and variation of ocean ecosystem
interaction between physical and biological effect H.Saito• Long term variation of zooplankton communities and the proce
ss of transportation of organic matter through biological processes analysis of mechanism of long term variation of copepods composition and establish the model S.Chiba, K.Tadokoro
Financial supported by Japanese ministry of the EnvironmentFinancial supported by Japanese ministry of the Environment
Identification procedureIdentification procedure
• Copepods were sorted out and identifies into species using newest information on copepod classification.
• Copepodite stages ( I-V ) of dominant copepods (Neocalanus, Eucalanus, Calanus and Metridia species) were identified.
• Total number of each classified species and life stage category were calculated.
TemperatureTemperatureof 100m depthof 100m depth
# of # of SamplesSamples
Year andYear andseasonseason
# of# ofDetected Detected speciesspecies
OyashioOyashioCold Cold currentcurrent
Oyashio-Oyashio-KuroshioKuroshiotransitiontransition
KuroshioKuroshioWarmWarmcurrentcurrent
TT100100<5<5ooCC
55ooC<TC<T100100<15<15ooCC
TT100100>15>15ooCC
15281528
13581358
6363(ca. 1200(ca. 1200at the finalat the finalresult)result)
1960-20011960-2001January-January-NovemberNovember
1960-20001960-2000March-March-SeptemberSeptember
174174
236236
1960-19691960-1969(1960-2000(1960-2000at the finalat the finalresult)result)
145145(1960’s)(1960’s)
3 4 5 6 7 8
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Neocalanus frem ingeri3 4 5 6 7 8
Pesuedocalanus m inutus3 4 5 6 7 8
Scolecithrice lla m inor3 4 5 6 7 8
N eocalanus cristatus
3 4 5 6 7 8
Pseudocalanus newm ani
3 4 5 6 7 8
M etrid ia okhotensis
3 4 5 6 7 8
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
N eocalanus p lum chrus
3 4 5 6 7 8
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Eucalanus bungii
3 4 5 6 7 8
O ithona sim ilis
3 4 5 6 7 8
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
O ithona atlantica
3 4 5 6 7 8M etrid ia pacifica
3 4 5 6 7 8
M esocalanus tenuicorn is
Interannual variations of mesozooplankton biomass
Hypothesis: top-down control (Tadokoro et al., 2005)
Feeding rate of Japanese sardine was estimated 32-138% of Neocalanus production rate in 1984
0
5
10
15
20
Sta
ndin
g st
ock
of s
ardi
ne (
mil
lion
ton)
70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Year (+1900)
Migrate into the Oyashio during summer
Oyashio Mixed
60 70 80 90 100
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
60 70 80 90 100
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
60 70 80 90 100
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
60 70 80 90 100
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
PO
4 (m
mol
m-3)
PO
4 (m
mol
m-3)
Year(+1900)
Sea surface
Subsurface layer
18.6 yr tide cycle
Hypothesis: bottom-up control (Tadokoro et al., PICES XV)
-56% -64%
rs = 0.777
N = 38
rs = 0.825
N = 33
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
PO
4 (m
mol
m-3)
PO4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
60 70 80 90 1000
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
60 70 80 90 100
Year (+1900)
Oyashio Mixed
biom
ass
(g m
-2)
N. Plumchrus biomass had significant relationship with PO4.
Those relationships suggests the change in nutrients condition affect N. plumchrus biomass due to change the primary productively.
-91%-92%
Hypothesis: bottom-up control (Tadokoro et al., PICES XV)
Hypothesis: Phenological change (Chiba et al., 2006)
Lower tropic level responses to the
1976 and 1988 RS : (winter-spring
processes)
( Chiba et al, submitted, PO)
After the mid 1970s
After the late 1988s
Aleutian Low dynamics
Winter Wind Stress
Winter Vertical Mixing
Light & Nutrients availability
phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Unknown climatic f orcing?
ProductionPhenologyCommunity structure
ProductionPhenologyCommunity structure
Subarctic circulation
KOE dynamics
Advection
*Lagged response in Kuroshio
Subarctic circulation
KOE dynamics
Advection
*Lagged response in Kuroshio
spring-summerstratifi cationspring-summerstratifi cation
World-wide World-wide Collaborative Collaborative researchresearch is necessaryis necessary
CMarZ should be a good platformCMarZ should be a good platform
In order to reveal In order to reveal the mechanisms of the mechanisms of variability of ecosystems,variability of ecosystems,
The result will be open The result will be open at the web site near futureat the web site near future
(Ex.) Long term variation of abundance ofNeocalanus plumchrus
(Ex.) distribution map of Neocalanus plumchrus
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