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8/13/2019 Three Types of Interview Methods
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JOBTALKS
Three Types of
Interview Methods
Indiana UniversityKelley School of Business
C. Randall Powell, Ph.D
Contents used in this presentation are adapted from Career Planning Strategiesand used with the permission of the author.
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Interview Methods
Knowledge InfluencesResults
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Three Basic Interview Methods
Traits (very common)
Behavioral (most common for professionalsCase (least common-professionals only)
Combination of above
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What is a Trait Interview?
It is an interview used to summarizea person’s characteristics.
Attempts to understand people andtheir motivations.
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Trait Interviews
Typical Question
– “What is your best quality?”
Typical Response
– “I’m a people person.”
– “I’m a hard worker.”
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What is a Behavioral
Interview?
It is an interview designed toprobe the skills needed to
perform a specific job.
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Behavior
Anything that a person doesthat can be observed andmeasured. The focus is to
predict, rather than tounderstand a behavior.
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Traits vs. BehaviorDescriptions of Traits– “I am reliable.”
– “I am good with people.”
– “I am a leader.”
Descriptions of PastBehavior– “I have only missed one day
of work in 15 years.” – “Last week, I settled a
dispute between two co-
workers. They nowunderstand each other’sdifferences and are workingwell together.”
– I was elected president of(Student Organization) out of400 candidates. While I waspresident we increased
membership by 20%,instituted an assessment toolof our meetings , andcontinuously improved thequality of our meetings.”
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Case Interviews
A way to assess a person’s ability tosynthesize information and recommend a
solution.
Assess Analytical Reasoning Ability
(used to assess high level professionals only)
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Case Interviews
Typical Question
– “If you are the leader of a team and twomembers are constantly arguing, howwould you handle the situation?”
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Interview Method Comparison
Trait Behavior Case
1. Traits become labels 1. Behavioral descriptions
discourage labeling,
stereotyping, or snap
judgements.
1. A case provides data to
assess technical, creativity
and decision makin skills.
2. There is a weak link
between data and
prediction
2. Prediction is directly
related to data.
2. A direct link with ability to
handle a case.
3. It is easy for candidates to
“fake good.”
3. It is difficult for candidates
to “fake good.”
3. It is difficult to “fake
good.”
4. All candidates try to sound
good, but difficult to
differentiate.
4. Candidates with varying
levels of skills are
identified.
4. Candidate skills are easily
identified.
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Multinational Organizations
Using Behavioral Interviewing
Arthur Anderson
McDonalds
J.C. Penney
Citicorp
General Motors
Cummins Engine
Company
Eli Lilly
Coca Cola
Phillip Morris
Motorola
Ernst & Young
Kraft Foods
Etc. . . .
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Why are so many organizations
using Behavioral Interviewing?
Improves the hiring decisions
Improves retentionReduces discrimination
Lowers recruiting costs
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What Process Does An
Organization Use?
Job analysis
Consensus meeting
Rate skillsConduct interviews
Develop questions
Select critical skills
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Starting Point: Job Analysis
Talk to subject matter experts(managers, peers, etc.)
Determine key responsibilities
Identify technical/job skills versus
performance skillsJob analysis is typically done by theHR department
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Example: Business Analyst
at Target Corporation
Position: Business Analyst
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Inventory Management: Manages department(s) inventory to achieve department turnover goals. Manages
the Open to Buy (OTB) dollars and directs the inventory adjustments required to maximize sales, turnover
and profits.
2. Merchandise Allocation: Manages and maintains effective department(s) product flow and allocation forassigned product classification by store. Develops effective flow and allocation strategies and completes
analysis of sales history by season, adjacency, planogram, and class category/item. Maintains store in
stocks through the use of Target replenishment systems.
3. Financial Planning: Prepares and reviews with Buyer and seasonal, advertising, monthly sales, markdown
and inventory forecasts and plans for the department(s) or assigned product classifications.
4. Item/Assortment Planning: Directs and provides historical analysis for the development of
department/item/assortment plans to include volume, productivity, trends and “fit.”
5. Communications: Provides responsive communication to Stores, Vendors, Customers, Distribution Centers,Merchandise Planning, Buying and support pyramids.
6. Vendor Relations: Resolves freight shipment issues to maintain efficient supply of merchandise to the
Stores and Distribution Centers.
7. Special Projects: Participates in special projects and task forces for the company.
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What Process Does a Company
Use?
Job analysis
Consensus meeting
Rate skillsConduct interviews
Develop questions
Select critical skills
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Select Critical Skills
Prioritize top 6-8 technical vs.performance skills
Technical skills are specificknowledge or tools required toperform the job
Performance skills are transferableskills that can be used on any job
Develop definitions for each skill
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Examples of Technical Skills
University Degree in ______
Excel, Dreamweaver, JavaCPA or CMA or JD
Language exams
Licenses
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Select Critical Skills
Prioritize top 6-8 technical vs.performance skills
Technical skills are specificknowledge or tools required toperform the job
Performance skills are transferableskills that can be used on any job
Develop definitions for each skill
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Examples of Performance Skills
Adaptability/flexibility
Analytical/problem solving
Decision making
Continuous learning and
growthCommitment to task/tenacity
Communication
Customer orientation
Tolerance of ambiguity
Goal setting
Teamwork/collaboration
Leadership
Initiative
Organization andplanning
People skills/interaction
Attention to detail
Assertiveness
CreativityVersatility
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Merchandising at Target
Headquarters
SKILLS AND ABILITIES DESIRED
•College degree with above average grades
•Excellent analytical skills
•Strong planning and organizational skills
•Excellent verbal and written communication skills
•Strong computer skills in …_________________
•Retail experience or interest
•Demonstrated leadership skills
•Assertive and flexible
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Select Critical Skills
Prioritize top 6-8 technical vs.performance skills
Technical skills are specificknowledge or tools required toperform the job
Performance skills are transferableskills that can be used on any job
Develop definitions for each skill
B i A l
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Business Analyst
Characteristics
1) Number Skills - ability to quickly and accurately perform simplearithmetic computations and recognize relationships betweenquantities.
2) Reasoning/Creative Problem Solving Skills - ability to draw accurateconclusions from quantitative material, to recognize patterns, to gobeyond the numbers to their retail implications, and find the bestsolution possible. Ability to “think outside the box.”
3) Perceptiveness and Attention to Detail - tendency to “dig into thedetails” thoroughly, ability to recognize important details.
4) Organizing, Prioritizing, and Follow Through - ability to set effectivepriorities, keep orderly records, handle many tasks at once withoutletting things fall through the cracks, keep track of deadlines, follow-up.
B i A l t
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Business Analyst
Characteristics5) People Skills - need not to be overly social or outgoing, but must
develop effective working relationships with manager, team members,merchandising and the field.
6) Assertive Communication Skills (oral and written) - ability to get pointacross effectively, concisely and authoritatively.
7) System Aptitude - tolerance of computer work, aptitude to experimentwith systems.
8) Ability to Work Under Pressure - ability to operate effectively undertime constraints, changing priorities and maintain equilibrium under
pressure from others.
9) Motivation - tendency to work hard, put forth extra effort and producehigh volumes of work efficiently.
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What Process Does a Company
Use?
Job analysis
Consensus meeting
Rate skillsConduct interviews
Develop questions
Select critical skills
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Develop Questions
The purpose of questions is togenerate responses that can be usedto evaluate an individuals job-related
skills
Several open ended questions will bedeveloped for every skill identified
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Examples of Questions
– Enumerate the analytical tools with which
you feel competent. Then give me anexample which shows your ability to useanalytical techniques to define problems ordesign solutions.
– Give me an example of a time when youhave used tools such as survey data libraryresearch, or statistics.
Analytical Skills
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Prepare Questions
Decision making
Initiative
TeamworkCommunication
Continuous learning and growth
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Decision Making
- What process do you use to makedecisions?
-- How do you go about collecting data?
--- Who do you involve in makingdecisions or collecting data?
---- Give me an example of a
difficult decision you havemade?
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Communication
- What has been your experience in makingpresentations or speeches?
-- Tell me about a specific experience of yours
that illustrates your ability to influence
another person?
--- How important are verbal communications
skills?
----What results have you seen from goodcommunication?
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What Process Does a Company
Use?
Job analysis
Consensus meeting
Rate skillsConduct interviews
Develop questions
Select critical skills
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Conduct a 30-minute Interview
Introduction
Overview of company and position
Questioning of candidate skillsTime for candidate to ask questions
Close and next steps
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What Process Does a Company
Use?
Job analysis
Consensus meeting
Rate skills Conduct interviews
Develop questions
Select critical skills
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Analytical Skill Question
Question:
Enumerate the analytical tools withwhich you feel competent. Then giveme an example which shows yourability to use analytical techniques todefine problems or design solutions.
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Examples of Answers:
I’m good at Excel and have doneseveral spreadsheets during myinternship.
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Examples of Answers:
I’m proficient at Excel, and many othersoftware programs. During my internshipthis summer with Supercorp, I realized thatthe profit margins were low on several
products. I created a spreadsheet for allproducts that showed gross sales,allowances, net sales, COGS, and grossmargin by product. The controller liked it so
well that I was asked to present it to thesales team and explain what the data meantand how they could use it while making theirsales decisions.
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Which response is best and
why?
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STAR
Situation/Task
–Explains the circumstances
Action–Describes what the person did
R esult
–Describes the outcome of theaction
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Examples of Answers:
I’m good at Excel and have doneseveral spreadsheets during myinternship.
Situation/Task - Poor
Action - Weak
R esult - None
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Examples of Answers:
I’m proficient at Excel, and many othersoftware programs. During myinternship this summer withSupercorp, I realized that the profit
margins were low on several products.I created a spreadsheet for all productsthat showed gross sales, allowances,net sales, COGS, and gross margin by
product. The controller liked it so wellthat I was asked to present it to thesales team and explain what the datameant and how they could use it whilemaking their sales decisions.
ST
A
R
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Interview Rating Sheet
Position _________________ Name of Candidate __________________
Date ___________________ Name of Interviewer __________________
The Performance Skills Strong A lot of Some Little No
to be evaluated include: Evidence Evidence Evidence Evidence Evidence
1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
4. _________________
5. _________________
6. _________________
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Interview Rating Sheet
The Technical/Job Skills Strong A lot of Some Little No
to be evaluated include: Evidence Evidence Evidence Evidence Evidence
1. _________________
2. _________________3. _________________
4. _________________
5. _________________
6. _________________
Recommendation: Hire/Promote ________ Not Hire/Promote _______
Reason for Recommendation:_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Wh t P D C
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What Process Does a Company
Use?
Job analysis
Consensus meeting
Rate skillsConduct interviews
Develop questions
Select critical skills
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Consensus Meeting
Candidates
Skills Joe Lisa Chris John Sarah
_________________
_________________ _________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Total:
Analytical
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Interview Tips
Advance Preparation
–Research company & industry
–Know your goals
–Know yourself
Turn a Trait Interview into a BehavioralInterview
Prepare Star ResponsesPrepare Questions
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