Thermodynamics I - Introduction

THERMODYNAMICS 1 EG-161

Prof. Johann Sienz College of Engineering

Chapter 0 Thermodynamics 1 2

Thermodynamics ? Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you don’t understand it at all. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one or two points. The third time you go through it, you know you don’t understand it, but by that time you are so used to the subject, it doesn’t bother you anymore. (Arnold Sommerfeld)

Sommerfeld (left) and Bohr (1919)

Course Overview • Prof. Johann Sienz

– Room 161 – Online Blackboard learning environment at bb.swan.ac.uk

• Assessment: – 75 % closed book exam – 25 % closed book mid term assessment – If Core Module for your degree you would need at least

40% to pass • Recommended Texts:

– Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, Çengel & Boles, McGraw-Hill (BEng, MEng and BSc students)

– Property Tables Booklet for use with Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach

Course Overview • Module average of 42 % • 147 students out of 253 passed first exam in 10/11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Thermodynamics I

Introduction 1. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics 2. Energy, Energy Transfer, and General Energy Analysis 3. Properties of Pure Substances 4. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems 5. Energy and Mass Analysis of Control Volumes 6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 7. Entropy Applications Examples

Applications of Thermodynamics

Power plants

The human body

Air-conditioning systems

Airplanes

Car engines

Refrigeration systems

Applications –Steam Engines

Application – Supersonic Cars

Bloodhound Project: • 1000 mph (1609 km/h or 1.3 Ma) • Aerodynamic Design • Desert Selection • Project Logistics

Thrust SSC Project: • 763 mph (1229 km/h or 1.02 Ma) • Aerodynamic Design

Application - Thermal Efficiency 1. Low speed diesel engine 2. Medium speed diesel engine 3. Combined cycle gas turbine 4. Gas turbine 5. Steam turbine

Application - Thermal Efficiency • Power=81223.0 kW • Torque=7603850.07 Nm • Displacement=25.8m3

• Stroke=2.49m • Bore=0.98m • Fuel Consumption=7.5m3/h • h>50%

Application - Collapse

Energy and Environment

• Conversion of energy affects environment • Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas are main

source of energy • Pollution emitted during combustion of fossil fuels are the

main cause for smog, acid rain and global warming • Serious threat to life on earth

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT • The conversion of energy from one form to another often affects the environment and the

air we breathe in many ways, and thus the study of energy is not complete without considering its impact on the environment.

• Pollutants emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels are responsible for smog, acid rain, and global warming.

• The environmental pollution has reached such high levels that it became a serious threat to vegetation, wild life, and human health.

Energy conversion processes are often accompanied by environmental pollution.

Motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution.

ACARE* targets for 2020

Minimise the industries impact during manufacture, maintenance, overhaul, repair and disposal

Targets for new aircraft and whole industry relative to 2000

* Advisory Council for Aerospace Research in Europe

Reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by 50% per passenger km

Reduce NOX emissions by 80%

Reduce perceived external noise by 50%

Emission Targets

Evolution of the Greener Aero Engine

Since 1950 : 4x reduction in noise 70% reduction on fuel burn

2030: 3x passenger kms 2050: aviation - 75% greenhouse gas impact

Meeting the 50% fuel burn target needs changes in all areas

Contributions to CO2 Reduction

Engines Airframe Air traffic management

and operations

Possible design solutions

Chapter 0

Engine – Thermodynamics Intercooled Recuperative Core Engine

• Centrifugal HP Compressor – Centrifugal compressor efficiency improvement and high hub-tip-ratio – Optimisation of radial compressor/ducting interface – Radial/axial compressor comparison

• Recuperator – Improved heat exchanger and nozzle arrangement – Low loss heat exchanger integration – Structural and overall IRA integration aspects

• Future innovative core configuration – Variable core cycle – Innovative combustion – Contra-rotating core – Unconventional heat management

Thermodynamics 1 18

Chapter 0

Engine

Thermodynamics 1 19

Intercooled Recuperative Core Active Core

Intercooled Core Flow Controlled Core

Chapter 0

Engine

Thermodynamics 1 20

Thermodynamics I - Introduction

Documents

Introduction to Thermodynamics Definitions

Introduction to Thermodynamics Unit 03 - Thermodynamics

An introduction to Thermodynamics

Introduction & Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics Introduction to

Thermodynamics I Entropy

1. Introduction to thermodynamics a. What is thermodynamics?

Introduction Statistical Thermodynamics · Introduction Statistical Thermodynamics Monday, January 6, 14 1. 2 ... Thermodynamics (statistical) Monday, January 6, 14 25. Statistical

Thermodynamics Introduction

01. Equilibrium Thermodynamics I: Introduction

Thermodynamics - Introduction

Thermodynamics i i Add

Introduction to Thermodynamics - Chemistry Coursescourses.chem.psu.edu/chem451/Lecture5web_large.pdf · Introduction to Thermodynamics Thermodynamics : The study of patterns of energy

Thermodynamics EGR 334 Lecture 01: Introduction to Thermodynamics

Introduction to Furnace Thermodynamics

APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS-I

THERMODYNAMICS INTRODUCTION - WordPress.com · 5/1/2009 · THERMODYNAMICS I 1 INTRODUCTION THERMODYNAMICS INTRODUCTION The word thermodynamics is derived from two Greek words Therm

Introduction to Stochastic Thermodynamics: Application …organext.org/userfiles/talks-conference/tutorial_massimilian.pdf · Introduction to Stochastic Thermodynamics: Application

A-Introduction & Thermodynamics 2012

Introduction to Thermodynamics - unipi.it. Thermodynamics.pdf · 1 Università di Pisa Introduction to Thermodynamics 1. Introduction. History of Thermodynamics 2. The First Law

Thermodynamics Chapter 1 (Introduction)